AErdology Year

         

 

 

To have an accurate measurement of the days in a year requires the use of a commonly accepted calendar. In this case most of the western world uses the Gregorian Calendar. however the Gregorian Calendar is not the only calendar. It is one of a couple dozen used.

Although not a single one of those calendars is all that dead on the money accurate. They are almost to a one statistical guesses based on mathematical statistical calculations, not no actual fixed points.

The only calendar which does measure too and from hard undeniable fixed points is the T Calendar. Which is a mixture of a dozen calendars working as gears together to produce a solid and definable accurate measurement of time.

The Atomic Clock is not even close to an accurate measurement of time. It is at best off by a few tens of a second every second of the day.

You must pick the Calendar and its associated counts which you align to.

For simplicity sake the Gregorian is the one you use already. If you are a Jew, you will want to add the Jewish Calendar. If you are more Eastern European inclined, than your pull will be to the Julian Calendar.

 

However the list of other Calendars is long and complex. But any combination of said is workable.

Also there are other issues to attest to.

The founding breaking ground of x location (when the first shovel of dirty was moved). When a city fell to some type of force. Be that invasion, natural disaster, or the population simply moved on. Example the city of Megiddo in Syria; used to be a thriving metropolis of over 100,000. Now it is an abandoned nothing miles from the closest city.

Example if you are AErdology British Culture, your culture was started the day the Trojan War started.

Which is marked by the battle death of King Tut the Last Pharaoh of the 18th Egyptian Dynasty.

IF you are Roman, the date Romulus walked into the city of Samhain and renamed it conquered it and erased its 2500 year old history by declaring “A Grand City built in a Singe Day”.

The city of Samhain had been thriving since no later than 2100 bce.

 

 

Name

type

group

introduction

usage

comments

Egyptian calendar

fixed (365 days)

Egyptian

Bronze Age

Middle Kingdom

The year is based on the heliacal rising of Sirius (Sothis) and divided into the three seasons of akhet (Inundation), peret (Growth) and shemu(Harvest). The heliacal rising of Sothis returned to the same point in the calendar every 1,460 years (a period called the Sothic cycle).[1]

Umma calendar

lunisolar

Mesopotamian

Bronze Age

Sumer/Mesopotamia

Recorded in Neo-Sumerian records (21st century BC), presumably based on older (Ur III) sources.

Pentecontad calendar

solar

Mesopotamian

Bronze Age

Amorites

A Bronze Age calendar in which the year is divided into seven periods of fifty days, with an annual supplement of fifteen or sixteen days for synchronisation with the solar year.

Four Seasons and Eight Nodes (时曆)

solar

Chinese

Bronze Age(?)

China

The years is divided into four seasons, and each season is divided into a festival(四立) and three months. The start and middle of each seasons is the key node of the year.

Gezer Calendar

lunar

Mesopotamian

1000 BC

Israel/Canaan

The years are divided into monthly or bi-monthly periods and attributes to each a duty such as harvest, planting, or tending specific crops.

Roman calendar

solar

Roman

713 BC

Roman Republic

Based on the reforms introduced by Numa Pompilius in c. 713 BC.

Six Ancient Calendars (古六曆)

lunisolar

Chinese

Iron Age

China

Six classical (Zhou era) calendars: Huangdi (黃帝曆), Zhuanxu (顓頊曆), Xia (夏曆), Yin (殷曆), Zhou's calendar (周曆) and Lu (魯曆).

Nisg̱a'a

seasonal / lunisolar

Indigenous North America

[citation needed]

Nisg̱a'a

The Nisga’a calendar revolves around harvesting of foods and goods used. The original year followed the various moons throughout the year.

Haida

Lunar

Indigenous North America

[citation needed]

Haida

The Haida calendar is a lunar calendar broken into two seasons (winter and summer) of six months each with an occasional thirteenth month between seasons.

Inuit

seasonal

Indigenous North America

[citation needed]

Inuit

The Inuit calendar is based on between six and eight seasons as solar and lunar timekeeping methods do not work in the polar regions.

Haab'

fixed (365 days)

Pre-Columbian (Maya)

1st millennium BC[citation needed]

Maya

Tzolk'in

fixed (260 days)

Pre-Columbian (Maya)

1st millennium BC[citation needed]

Maya

Xiuhpohualli

fixed (365 days)

Pre-Columbian (Aztec)

[citation needed]

Aztecs

Tonalpohualli

fixed (260 days)

Pre-Columbian (Aztec)

[citation needed]

Aztecs

Attic calendar

lunisolar

Hellenic

6th century BC

Classical Athens

Old Persian calendar

lunisolar(?)

Iranian

4th century BC(?)

Persian Empire

Based on earlier Babylonian/Mesopotamian models

Seleucid calendar

lunisolar

Hellenic/Babylonian

4th century BC

Seleucid Empire

Combination of the Babylonian calendar, ancient Macedonian (Hellenic) month names and the Seleucid era.

Genesis Calendar (太初曆)

lunisolar

Chinese

Han dynasty

China

Introduced the "month without mid-climate is intercalary" rule; based on a solar year of 3653851539 days and a lunar month of 294381days (19 years=235 months=69396181 days).

Ptolemaic calendar

lunisolar

Egyptian

238 BC

Ptolemaic Egypt

The Canopic reform of 238 BC introduced the leap year every fourth year later adopted in the Julian calendar. The reform eventually went into effect with the introduction of the "Alexandrian calendar" (or Julian calendar) by Augustus in 26/25 BC, which included a 6th epagomenal day for the first time in 22 BC.

Julian calendar

solar

Roman

45 BC

Western World

Revision of the Roman Republican calendar, in use in the Roman Empire and the Christian Middle Ages, and remains in use as liturgical calendar of Eastern Orthodox Churches.

Coptic calendar

solar

Egyptian

1st century[citation needed]

Coptic Orthodox Church

Based on both the Ptolemaic calendar and the Julian calendar

Ethiopian calendar

solar

Egyptian

1st century[citation needed]

Ethiopia, Ethiopian Christians

the calendar associated with Ethiopian Church, based on the Coptic calendar

Qumran calendrical texts

fixed (364 days)

c. 1st century[citation needed]

Second Temple Judaism

Description of a division of the year into 364 days, also mentioned in the pseudepigraphical Book of Enoch (the "Enoch calendar").

Gaulish calendar

lunisolar

Iron Age

Gauls/Celts

Early calendars used by Celtic peoples prior to the introduction of the Julian calendar, reconstruction mostly based on the Coligny calendar (2nd century), which may be partially influenced by the Julian calendar.

Zoroastrian calendar

fixed (365 days)

Iranian

3rd century

Sassanid Persia

Based on both the Old Persian and Seleucid (Hellenic) calendars. Introduced in AD 226, reformed in AD 272, and again several times in the 5th to 7th centuries.

Chinese Calendar, Dàmíng origin (大明曆)

lunisolar

Chinese

510

China

Created by Zu Chongzhi, most accurate calendar in the world at its invention

Japanese calendar

lunisolar

Chinese-derived

6th century

Japan

Umbrella term for calendars historically and currently used in Japan, in the 6th century derived from the Chinese calendar

Chinese Calendar, Wùyín origin(戊寅元曆)

lunisolar

Chinese

619

China

First Chinese calendar to use the true moon motion

Islamic calendar

lunar

632

Islam

Based on the observational lunisolar calendars used in Pre-Islamic Arabia. Remains in use for religious purposes in the Islamic world.

Pyu calendar

lunisolar

Hindu/Buddhist-derived

640[dubious – discuss]

mainland Southeast Asia

Traditional calendar of Southeast Asia, in use until the 19th century. Traditionally said to originate in 640 (the calendar era) in Sri Ksetra Kingdom, one of the Burmese Pyu city-states.

Nepal Sambat

lunar

Buddhist/ Hindu

9th century

Nepal

A lunar Buddhist calendar traditional to Nepal, recognition in Nepal in 2008.

Byzantine calendar

solar

Julian

988

Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople

Julian calendar with Anno Mundi era in use c. 691 to 1728.

Armenian calendar

fixed (365 days)

Iranian

medieval[citation needed]

medieval Armenia

Calendar used in medieval Armenia and as liturgical calendar of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Derived from the Zoroastrian (or related medieval Iranian calendars such as the Sogdian/Choresmian ones[2]). It uses the era AD 552. In modern Armenian nationalism, an alternative era of 2492 BC is sometimes used.

Bulgar calendar

solar(?)

Turkic/Chinese-derived

medieval

Volga Bulgaria

A reconstruction based on a short 15th century transcript in Church Slavonic originally proposed by Finnish Slavist Jooseppi Julius Mikkola in 1913. According to the reconstructed calendar, the Bulgars used a 12-year cyclic calendar similar to the one adopted by other Turkic peoples from the Chinese calendar.

Florentine calendar

solar

Julian

medieval

Republic of Florence

Variant of the Julian calendar in use in medieval Florence

Pisan calendar

solar

Julian

medieval

Republic of Pisa

Variant of the Julian calendar in use in medieval Pisa

Tamil calendar

solar

Hindu

medieval[clarification needed]

Tamil Nadu

The Hindu calendar used in Tamil Nadu

Nepali calendar

solar

Hindu/ Buddhist

medieval[clarification needed]

Nepal

One of the Hindu calendars

Bengali calendar

solar

Muslim/Hindu

medieval[clarification needed]

Bengal, Bangladesh

One of the main Hindu calendars, in Bangladesh revised in 1987.

Thai lunar calendar

lunisolar

Hindu/Buddhist[clarification needed]

medieval[clarification needed]

Thailand

Buddhist calendar

Pawukon calendar

fixed (210 days)

Hindu

[citation needed]

Bali

Old Icelandic calendar

solar

10th century

medieval Iceland

partly inspired by the Julian calendar and partly by older Germanic calendar traditions. Leap week calendar based on a year of 364 days.

Jalali calendar

solar

Iranian

1079

Seljuk Sultanate

A calendar reform commissioned by Sultan Jalal al-Din Malik Shah I

Hebrew calendar

lunisolar

Babylonian/Seleucid-derived

11th/12th century

Judaism

recorded by Maimonides in the Mishneh Torah, resulting from various reforms and traditions developing since Late Antiquity. The Anno Mundiera gradually replaced the Seleucid era in Rabbinical literature in the 11th century.

Tibetan calendar

lunisolar

Buddhist/Chinese-derived

13th century

Tibet

The Kalacakra, a Buddhist calendar introduced in 13th-century Tibet

Seasonal Instruction (时曆)

solar

Chinese

1281

China

Based on a solar year of 365.2425 (equal to the Gregorian year)

Runic calendar

solar

Julian

13th century

Sweden

A written representation of the Metonic cycle used in medieval and early modern Sweden, allowing to calculate the dates of the full moons relative to the Julian date. The introduction of the Gregorian calendar in Sweden in 1753 rendered the runic calendars unusable.

Six Imperial Calendars (ß)

solar

Chinese

Ming dynasty

China

In use 1368-1644

Incan calendar

lunisolar

Pre-Columbian

15th century

Inca Empire

Muisca calendar

lunisolar

Pre-Columbian

15th century

Muisca

Complex lunisolar calendar with three different years, composed of months divided into thirty days. After the Spanish conquest of the Muisca Confederation in present-day central Colombia in 1537 first replaced by the European Julian and as of 1582 the Gregorian calendar.

Chula Sakarat

lunisolar

Burmese

16th century

Southeast Asia

Gregorian calendar

solar

Julian-derived

1582

worldwide

Introduced as a reform of the Julian calendar in the Roman Catholic church, since the 20th century in de facto use worldwide.

Javanese calendar

lunar

Islamic influenced

1633

Java

Based on the Hindu calendar using the Saka era(78 CE), but changed to the lunar year following the Islamic calendar.

Seasonal Constitution (时宪历)

solar

Chinese

1645

China

First Chinese Calendar to use the true motion of the sun.

Swedish calendar

solar

Julian-derived

1700

Sweden

Part of the controversy surrounding the adoption of the Gregorian calendar, in use 1700–1712.

Astronomical year numbering

solar

Julian-derived

1740

astronomy

A mixture of Julian and Gregorian calendar, giving dates before 1582 in the Julian calendar, and dates after 1582 in the Gregorian calendar, counting 1 BC as year zero, and negative year numbers for 2 BC and earlier.

French Republican Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1793

First French Republic

In use in revolutionary France 1793 to 1805.

Pancronometer

solar

Gregorian

1745

Universal Georgian Calendar proposed by Hugh Jones

Rumi calendar

solar

Julian

1839

Ottoman Empire

Julian calendar using the Hijri era introduced in the Ottoman Empire.

Positivist calendar

solar

Gregorian

1849

solar calendar with 13 months of 28 days.

Badí‘ calendar

solar

Bahá'í

1873

Bahá'í

Uses a year of 19 months of 19 days each and a 1844 era. Also known as the "Bahá'í Calendar" or the "Wondrous Calendar".

Thai solar calendar

solar

Gregorian

1888

Thailand

The Gregorian calendar but using the Buddhist Era (543 BC)

Invariable Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1900

Gregorian calendar with four 91-day quarters of 13 weeks

International Fixed Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1902

A "perpetual calendar" with a year of 13 months of 28 days each.

Minguo calendar

solar

Gregorian

1912

Republic of China

Variant of the Gregorian calendar introduced in Taiwan in 1912.

Revised Julian calendar

solar

Julian-derived

1923

some Orthodox churches

currently synchronized with the Gregorian calendar, but different leap rule and cycle (900 years), also called Meletian calendar or Milanković calendar, after Serbian scientist Milutin Milanković who developed it.

Solar Hijri calendar

solar

Iranian/Islamic

1925

Iran, Afghanistan

New Year is the day of the astronomical vernal equinox. The calendar as introduced in 1925 revived Iranian month names but counted the years of the Hijri era. The era was changed in 1976 to 559 BC (reign of Cyrus the Great), but was reverted to the Hijri era after the Iranian Revolution.

Era Fascista

solar

Gregorian

1926

Italy

Epoch is 29 October 1922; in use from 1926–1943

Soviet calendar

solar

Gregorian

1929

Soviet Union

Gregorian calendar with 5- and 6-day weeks, used during 1929 to 1940.

World Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1930

Perpetual calendar with 1–2 off-week days, preferred and almost adopted by the United Nations in 1950s

Pax Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1930

Leap week calendar

Pataphysical calendar

solar

Gregorian

1949

Absurdist variant of the Gregorian calendar by Alfred Jarry.

Indian national calendar

solar

Gregorian-derived

1957

Republic of India

Gregorian calendar with months based in traditional Hindu calendars and numbering years based on the Saka era (AD 78).

Assyrian calendar

lunar

Babylonian

1950s

Assyrianism

Lunar calendar with an "Assyrian era" of 4750 BC, introduced in Assyrian nationalism in the 1950s

Discordian calendar

solar

Gregorian

1963

Discordianism

Calendar invented in the context of the absurdistor parody religion of Discordianism, Gregorian calendar variant with a year consisting of five 73-day seasons.

World Season Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1973

Divides the year into four seasons.

Dreamspell

lunar/solar galactic

Mayan

1990

esotericism

13 months of 28 days each, synchronized with the Maya 260-day Tzolkin, calibrated to the Chilam Balam timing systems

Tranquility Calendar

solar

Gregorian

1989

Modification of the International Fixed Calendar

Holocene calendar

solar

Gregorian

1993

The Gregorian calendar with the era shifted by 10,000 years.

Juche era calendar

solar

Gregorian

1997

North Korea

Gregorian calendar with the era 1912 (birth of Kim Il-sung)

Nanakshahi calendar

solar

Gregorian-derived

1998

Sikhism

Gregorian calendar with months based in traditional Hindu calendars and numbering years based on the era 1469.

Symmetry454

solar

Gregorian

2004

Leap week calendar with 4:5:4 weeks per month

Hanke-Henry Permanent Calendar

solar

Gregorian

2004

Leap week calendar with 30:30:31 days per month, revised in 2011 and 2016

Igbo calendar

lunar

Indigenous

2009

Igbo people

proposal[3] based in Igbo tradition dating back to 13th century, 13 lunar months of 28 days divided into seven 4-day periods, plus leap days.

Variant month names[edit]

Regional or historical names for lunations or Julian/Gregorian months

Tradition

culture

comments

Germanic calendar

Germanic

Medieval records of Germanic names of lunar months later equated with the Julian months.

Berber calendar

Berber

reconstructed medieval Berber-language names of the Julian months used in pre-Islamic (Roman era) North Africa

Lithuanian calendar

Lithuania

Lithuanian names for the Gregorian months and days of the week, officially recognized in 1918.

Rapa Nui calendar

Easter Islands

Thirteen names of lunar months recorded in the 19th century.

Xhosa calendar

Xhosa people

[clarification needed]

Turkmen

Turkmenistan

Turkmen names officially adopted in 2002 following Ruhnama by president-for-life Saparmurat Niyazov.

Hellenic calendars

Hellenistic Greece

A great variety of regional month names in Ancient Greece, mostly attested in the 2nd century BC.

Slavic calendar

Slavic

Local month names in various Slavic countries, based on weather patterns and conditions, and agricultural activities that take place in each respective month.

Romanian calendar

Romania

Traditional names for the twelve months of the Gregorian calendar, which are usually used by the Romanian Orthodox Church.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

TR Welling