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May 15: Napoleon begins
crossing the Alps. 1800 (MDCCC) was an exceptional common
year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1800th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
800th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 100th and last year of the 18th century, and the 1st year of
the 1800s decade.
As of the start of 1800, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the
Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. As of March 1 (O.S. February 18), when the Julian calendar
acknowledged a leap day and the Gregorian calendar did not, the Julian
calendar fell one day further behind, bringing the difference to 12 days
until 1899. Contents ·
1Events ·
2Births ·
3Deaths Events[edit] ·
World population approaches the 1
billion milestone which it will attain in 1802.
The population distribution by region: ·
Africa: 107,000,000 ·
Asia: 635,000,000 ·
China: 300–400,000,000[1] ·
Europe: 203,000,000 ·
Latin America: 24,000,000 ·
Northern America: 7,000,000 ·
Oceania: 2,000,000 January–March[edit] ·
Quasi-War: Action of 1
January 1800 – A naval battle off the coast of Haiti, between four United States merchant
vessels escorted by naval schooner USS Experiment,
and a squadron of armed barges manned by Haitian pirates (known as picaroons), under the command of
general André Rigaud,
ends indecisively. ·
The Dutch East India
Company dissolves. ·
February 7 – A public plebiscite
in France confirms Napoleon as First Consul, by a substantial majority. ·
March 14 – Papal conclave,
1799–1800: cardinal Barnaba Chiaramonti
succeeds Pius VI as Pius VII, the 251st pope. He is crowned
on March 21, in Venice. ·
March 17 – The British Royal Navy ship of the line, HMS Queen
Charlotte (1790), catches fire off the coast of Capraia, with the loss of 673 lives.[2] ·
March 20 – Alessandro Volta describes his new
invention, the voltaic pile, the
first chemical battery,
in a letter to the Royal Society of
London. ·
March 26 – British Royal Navy officer Henry Waterhouse first charts the Antipodes Islands. April–June[edit] ·
April – Voting begins in the United
States presidential election, 1800; it will last until October.
The result is not announced until February 1801. ·
April 2 ·
Ludwig van Beethoven's Symphony No. 1 premieres
at the Burgtheater, in Vienna. ·
The Treaty of
Constantinople establishes the Septinsular Republic, the first autonomous Greek
state since the Fall of the
Byzantine Empire. ·
April 6 – War of the
Second Coalition: Siege of Genoa –
General André Masséna is
surrounded by 40,000 Austrian troops under Field Marshal Michael von Melas and
blockaded by a strong British squadron under Lord Keith.[3] ·
April 24 – The U.S. Library of Congress is
founded in Washington, D.C. ·
May 14 – Second Coalition: French forces under
General Louis-Alexandre
Berthier are halted by 400 Austro-Piedmont soldiers, at Fort Bard in the Aosta Valley.[4] ·
May 15 – Napoleon and his French army (40,000
men)—not including the field artillery and baggage trains—(35,000 light artillery and infantry, 5,000 cavalry) begin crossing the Alps.
He selects the shortest route through the Great St Bernard
Pass, and invades after five days traversing the northern region
of Italy. ·
June 2 – The first smallpox vaccination is made in North America,
at Trinity,
Newfoundland. ·
June 3 – U.S. President John Adams moves to Washington. Because the President's Mansion is still under
construction, President Adams takes up residence at Tunnicliffe's
City Hotel near the unfinished U.S. Capitol Building.[5] ·
June 4 – War of the
Second Coalition: Siege of Genoa –
The French army is evacuated from Genoa. Marshal André Masséna is
allowed to march out, with all the honours of war.
A portion of his force joins General Louis-Gabriel Suchet, and the rest is conveyed in British
ships to Antibes.[6] ·
June 14 ·
War of the
Second Coalition: Battle of Marengo –
Napoleon defeats the Austrian troops near Marengo, Italy. ·
French general Jean-Baptiste Kléber is
assassinated in Cairo, by Syrian Kurdish Muslim student Suleiman al-Halabi. ·
June 19 – War of the
Second Coalition: Battle of Höchstädt – General Jean Victor
Marie Moreau leads French forces to victory, opening
the Danube passageway to Vienna. July–September[edit] ·
July 2 – The Union with Ireland Act
1800 is passed by the Parliament of
Great Britain; the Irish Parliament passes similar legislation in
the following month, uniting the two kingdoms[7][8][9] and abolishing the Parliament of
Ireland. ·
July 10 – Fort William College is
established by Lord
Wellesley, British Governor-General
of India, in Calcutta, to
promote Bengali, Hindi and other vernaculars of the Indian subcontinent. ·
August 1 – King George III gives royal
assent to the second Act of Union to
unite the Kingdom of Great
Britain and Kingdom of Ireland (both
ruled by him) into the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, effective on January 1,
1801.[10] ·
August 30 – The plot by
African-American blacksmith and slave Gabriel Prosser to seize Richmond, Virginia,
and guide a slave uprising, is thwarted by a massive downpour on the evening
that it is set to begin; two other slaves have revealed Prosser's plans to
authorities, who have prepared to follow him to the rendezvous point and
arrest the conspirators, so that "neither the geographical extent of the
plot nor the number of insurgents in the conspiracy was revealed";[11] eventually, 25
slaves, including Prosser, will be captured, tried and hanged. ·
September 4 – The French garrison
in Valletta surrenders to British troops,
who had been called at the invitation of the Maltese. The islands of Malta and Gozobecome
the Malta Protectorate. ·
September 30 – The Convention of 1800,
or Treaty of Mortefontaine, is signed between France and the United States of
America, ending the Quasi-War.[12] October–December[edit] ·
October 1 – Third
Treaty of San Ildefonso: Spain returns Louisiana (New
Spain) to France, in return for the Tuscany area of Italy. ·
October 7 – French privateer Robert Surcouf leads
the 150-man crew of his corvette Confiance to
capture the 40-gun, 437-man British East Indiaman Kent in the Indian Ocean. ·
U.S. President John Adams becomes the first President
of the United States to live in the Executive Mansion (later
renamed the White House). ·
Middlebury College is
granted its charter by the Vermont General
Assembly. ·
November 17 – The United States
Congress holds its first Washington, D.C. session.
December 3: Battle of Hohenlinden. ·
War of the
Second Coalition: Battle of Hohenlinden – The French army
defeats Habsburg and Bavarian troops. ·
United States presidential election,
1800: The Electoral College casts votes for President and Vice President that
results in a tie between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr, requiring a contingent election which
will select Jefferson as President. ·
The Plot of the
rue Saint-Nicaise fails to
kill Napoleon Bonaparte. ·
Pierre Coudrin and
Henriette Aymer de la Chevalerie
found the Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary in
Paris. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
Francis
Egerton, 1st Earl of Ellesmere, English landowner (d. 1857) ·
Salome Sellers, American centenarian, last
surviving person from the 18th century (d. 1909) ·
January 4 – Martha Christina
Tiahahu, Moluccan freedom fighter, national
heroine of Indonesia (d. 1818) ·
January 6 – Anna Maria Hall, Irish writer (d. 1881) ·
January 7 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President
of the United States (d. 1874) ·
January 11 – Ányos Jedlik,
Hungarian physicist, inventor of the dynamo (d. 1895) ·
January 12 – George
Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon, English diplomat, statesman
(d. 1870) ·
January 14 – Ludwig von Köchel, Austrian musicologist (d. 1877) ·
January 17 – Caleb Cushing, American statesman, diplomat
(d. 1879) ·
January 24 – Edwin Chadwick, English social reformer
(d. 1890) ·
Johann Gerhard Oncken, German Baptist preacher (d. 1884) ·
Elizabeth Ann
Whitney, American Mormon leader (d. 1882) ·
January 27 – Evelyn
Denison, 1st Viscount Ossington, English statesman (d. 1875) ·
February 1 – Brian Houghton
Hodgson, English civil servant (d. 1894) ·
February 6 – Achille Devéria, French painter, lithographer
(d. 1857) ·
Hyrum Smith, American religious leader
(d. 1844) ·
Joseph von Führich, Austrian painter (d. 1876) ·
March 2 – Yevgeny Baratynsky, Russian poet (d. 1844) ·
March 3 – Heinrich Georg Bronn,
German geologist, paleontologist (d. 1862) ·
March 4 – William Price,
Welsh physician, eccentric (d. 1893) ·
March 10 ·
Victor Aimé Huber, German social reformer (d. 1869) ·
George Hudson, English railway financier
(d. 1871) ·
March 12 – Louis Prosper Gachard, Belgian man of letters (d. 1885) ·
March 13 – Mustafa Reşid Pasha, Turkish statesman, diplomat
(d. 1858) ·
March 16 – Emperor Ninkō of
Japan (d. 1846) ·
March 17 – Rudolf Ewald Stier,
German Protestant churchman, mystic (d. 1862) ·
March 20 ·
Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican head of state, politician
(d. 1845) ·
Gottfried Bernhardy, German philologist, literary
historian (d. 1875) ·
March 25 ·
Alexis Paulin Paris,
French scholar, author (d. 1881) ·
Ernst
Heinrich Karl von Dechen, German
geologist, mineralogist (d. 1889) ·
March 28 – Johann Georg Wagler, German herpetologist (d. 1832) ·
April 2 – Andrzej Artur Zamoyski, Polish nobleman (d. 1874) ·
April 4 – Tokugawa Nariaki,
Japanese daimyō of Mito (d. 1860) ·
April 10 – Henri-Gustave Delvigne, French soldier, weapon inventor
(d. 1876) ·
April 15 – James Clark Ross, British naval officer,
explorer (d. 1862) ·
April 16 ·
Jakob Heine, German orthopaedist
(d. 1879) ·
George
Bingham, 3rd Earl of Lucan, British soldier (d. 1888) ·
April 29 – Hiram Cronk, American soldier, shoemaker;
last surviving veteran of the War of 1812 (d. 1905) ·
May 1 – James Black,
American bladesmith, creator of the original Bowie knife (d. 1870) ·
May 4 – John McLeod Campbell,
Scottish churchman (d. 1872) ·
May 5 – Louis
Christophe François Hachette, French publisher (d. 1864) ·
May 6 – Roman Sanguszko,
Polish noble (d. 1881) ·
May 8 – Armand Carrel, French writer (d. 1836) ·
May 9 ·
John Brown,
American abolitionist (d. 1859) ·
Samuel Carter Hall,
English journalist (d. 1889) ·
May 30 – Karl Wilhelm
Feuerbach, German geometer (d. 1834) ·
June 1 – Charles Fremantle,
British Royal Navy officer (d. 1869) ·
June 2 – Nicholas P. Trist,
secretary to President Andrew Jackson of the U.S. (d. 1874) ·
June 3 – Gustaw Potworowski, Polish activist
(d. 1860) ·
June 12 – Samuel Wright Mardis, American politician (d. 1836) ·
June 17 – William
Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse, Irish
astronomer (d. 1867) ·
June 23 – Karol Marcinkowski, Polish physician, social
activist (d. 1846) ·
June 30 – Richard
Bethell, 1st Baron Westbury, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain
(d. 1873) July–December[edit]
·
July 15 – Sidney Breese, American senator from
Illinois, father of the Illinois
Central Railroad (d. 1878) ·
July 19 – Juan José Flores,
2-time President of Ecuador (d. 1864) ·
July 21 – Constance Trotti,
Belgian salonniére, culture patron (d. 1871) ·
July 24 – Henry Shaw,
American botanist (d. 1889) ·
July 29 – George Bradshaw, English timetable publisher
(d. 1853) ·
July 31 – Friedrich Wöhler, German chemist (d. 1882) ·
August 12 – Jean-Jacques Ampère,
French philologist, writer and historian (d. 1864) ·
August 20 – Bernhard Heine, German physician, bone
specialist and inventor (d. 1846) ·
Edward Bouverie
Pusey, English churchman (d. 1882) ·
Frank Stone,
English painter (d. 1859) ·
September 1 – Giuseppe
Gabriel Balsamo-Crivelli, Italian
naturalist (d. 1874) ·
September 22 – George Bentham, English botanist (d. 1884) ·
October 14 – John Hogan,
Irish sculptor (d. 1858) ·
October 23 – Henri Milne-Edwards,
French zoologist (d. 1885) ·
October 26 – Helmuth von
Moltke the Elder, German Field Marshal (d. 1891) ·
November 21 – Barney Aaron, English bare-knuckle boxer (d. 1850) ·
December 3 – France Prešeren, Slovenian romantic poet (d. 1849) ·
December 18 – Charles Goodyear, American self-taught
chemist, manufacturing engineer (d. 1860) ·
December 25 – John Phillips,
English geologist (d. 1874) ·
December 26 – Paul Curtis,
American shipbuilder (d. nearly 1857) Approximate date[edit] ·
Elizabeth
Austin, English opera singer, actress (d. 1835) ·
Wanda Malecka,
Polish publisher (d. 1860) ·
Abraham Rice, German-born rabbi, first
ordained rabbi to serve in the United States (d. 1862) ·
Pelaghia Roșu,
Romanian heroine (d. 1870) ·
Tarenorerer,
indigenous Australian Tasman freedom fighter (d. 1831) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 1 – Louis-Jean-Marie
Daubenton, French naturalist (b. 1716) ·
January 3 – Count
Karl-Wilhelm Finck von Finckenstein,
Prime Minister of Prussia (b. 1714) ·
William Jones,
English divine (b. 1726) ·
Friedrich Adolf Riedesel, German soldier (b. 1738) ·
January 9 – Jean Étienne Championnet, French general (b.1762) ·
January 11 – Kyra Frosini,
Greek heroine (b. 1773) ·
January 13 – Dempsey Burges, Republican U.S. Congressman
from North Carolina (b. 1751) ·
January 20 – Thomas Mifflin, first Governor of
Pennsylvania (b. 1744) ·
January 22 – George Steevens,
English Shakespearean commentator (b. 1736) ·
January 23 – Edward Rutledge, U.S. statesman (b. 1749) ·
February 2 – James C. Jarvis, United States Navy officer
(b. 1787) ·
February 4 – Charlotte
Sophie of Aldenburg, German sovereign
(b. 1715) ·
February 7 – Anna Jabłonowska, Polish magnate and
politician (b. 1728) ·
March 1 – John Hazelwood, English-born officer in the
U.S. Continental Navy (b. 1726) ·
March 13 – Nana Fadnavis, Maratha
statesman (b. 1742) ·
March 14 – Daines Barrington, English naturalist
(b. 1727) ·
March 21 – William Blount, U.S. statesman (b. 1749) ·
March 29 – Marc
René, marquis de Montalembert, French
military engineer, writer (b. 1714) ·
April 13 – Kazimierz Poniatowski, Polish nobleman (b. 1721) ·
April 25 ·
Israel Acrelius,
Swedish missionary and clergyman (b. 1714) ·
Ezekiel Cornell, Continental Congressman
from Rhode Island (b. 1732) ·
William Cowper, English poet (b. 1731) ·
May 7 – Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer (b. 1728) ·
May 18 – Alexander Suvorov,
Count of Rymnik (b. 1729) ·
May 23 – Henry Cort,
English ironmaster (b. 1740) ·
May 29 – Charlotte Slottsberg, Swedish ballerina (b. 1760) ·
June 2 – Ingeborg Akeleye,
Norwegian noble known for her love life (b. 1741) ·
June 14 ·
Louis
Charles Antoine Desaix, French military
leader (killed in battle) (b. 1768) ·
Jean-Baptiste Kléber,
French general (assassinated) (b. 1753) ·
June 18 – Francis V de
Beauharnais, French nobleman, soldier, politician, colonial
governor and admiral (b. 1714) ·
June 20 – Abraham Gotthelf Kästner,
German mathematician (b. 1719) ·
June 24 – Charles
Stewart, American revolutionary (b. 1729) ·
June 28 ·
King Jeongjo of Joseon, 22nd ruler of the Joseon
dynasty of Korea (b. 1752) ·
Théophile Corret de la Tour d'Auvergne,
grenadier officer in the French army (b. 1743) ·
June 30 – Thomas
Townshend, 1st Viscount Sydney, British politician (b. 1732) July–December[edit]
·
July 14 – Lorenzo Mascheroni, Italian mathematician (b. 1750) ·
July 18 – John Rutledge, governor of South Carolina
(b. 1739) ·
August 16 – Samuel Barrington,
English admiral (b. 1729) ·
August 24 – Rawlins Lowndes, American lawyer, jurist
(b. 1721) ·
August 25 – Elizabeth Montagu,
English literary critic (b. 1718) ·
August 31 – John Blair, American politician (b. 1732) ·
September 2 – Maciej Radziwiłł, Polish nobleman (b. 1749) ·
September 3 –Elżbieta Branicka, Polish szlachta
and politician (b. 1734) ·
September 10 – Johann David Schoepff, German naturalist, doctor (b. 1752) ·
September 23 – Dominique
de La Rochefoucauld, French Catholic cardinal (b. 1712) ·
September 26 – William Billings, American choral composer
(b. 1746) ·
September 27 – William
Gibbons, American lawyer, revolutionary (b. 1726) ·
September 29 – Michael Denis, Austrian poet (b. 1729) ·
October 4 – Johann Hermann, German physician, naturalist
(b. 1738) ·
October 10 – Gabriel Prosser, American slave
revolutionary (b. approx. 1776) ·
October 16 – Benjamin Huntington,
American lawyer, politician (b. 1736) ·
October 28 – Artemas Ward,
American Major General in the American Revolutionary War, Congressman from
Massachusetts (b. 1727) ·
November 5 – Jesse Ramsden, English astronomical
instrument maker (b. 1735) ·
November 14 – François
Claude Amour, marquis de Bouillé, French
general (b. 1739) ·
November 25 – Francisco Bouligny, former military governor of Spanish Louisiana (b. 1736) ·
Charles Adams,
second son of John Adams, the 2nd President of the United States (b. 1770) ·
Matthew
Robinson, 2nd Baron Rokeby, English eccentric nobleman (b. 1712) ·
December – Jean-Baptiste Audebert, French artist, naturalist (b. 1759) ·
December 7 – Wilhelm von Knyphausen, Hessian Lieutenant-General
(b. 1716) ·
December 17 – William Peery, American farmer, lawyer
(b. 1743) ·
December 26 – Mary Robinson,
English poet (b. 1756) ·
December 27 – Hugh Blair, Scottish Presbyterian preacher,
man of letters (b. 1718) ·
December 30 – Thomas Dimsdale,
English physician, banker (b. 1712) Date unknown[edit] ·
Thomas Conway, Irish soldier (b. 1734) ·
Aleksander
August Zamoyski, Polish nobleman
(b. 1729) References[edit] 1. ^ Roberts, J. M.
(1994). History of the World. Penguin. 2. ^ Everett, Jason
M., ed. (2006). "1800". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale. 3. ^ Burton, Reginald George
(2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800.
p. 107. ISBN 978-0-85706-356-4. 4. ^ Burton, Reginald George
(2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800.
p. 115. ISBN 978-0-85706-356-4. 5. ^ "1800: President John Adams moves into a tavern in
Washington, D.C." This Day in History. history.com. 6. ^ Burton, Reginald George
(2010). Napoleon's Campaigns in Italy 1796–1797 & 1800.
p. 121. ISBN 978-0-85706-356-4. 7. ^ "Act of Union 1707". www.parliament.uk.
2007. Archived from the original on 2008-10-15.
Retrieved 2012-08-10. 8. ^ Act of Union 1707. 9. ^ "Act
of Union Timeline". Act of Union Virtual Library.
Retrieved 2013-04-24. 10. ^ Ranelagh, John O'Beirne (2012). A Short History of Ireland.
Cambridge University Press. p. 102. 11. ^ Nicholls, Michael L.
(2012). Whispers of Rebellion: Narrating Gabriel's Conspiracy.
University of Virginia Press. 12. ^ "France - Convention of 1800: Text of the
Treaty". The Avalon Project. Yale Law School. ·
1800 |
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