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March 22: Battle of Zealand
Point 1808 (MDCCCVIII) was
a leap year starting on
Friday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1808th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
808th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 8th year of the 19th century,
and the 9th year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1808,
the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 1 – The importation of slaves into the
United States is banned, as the 1806 Act
Prohibiting Importation of Slaves takes effect; African
slaves continue to be imported into Cuba,
and until Cuba abolishes slavery in 1865,
half a million slaves will arrive on the island.[1] ·
January 12 – The organizational meeting
leading to the creation of the Wernerian
Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh. ·
January
12 – John Rennie's
scheme to defend St Mary's Church,
Reculver, founded in 669, from coastal erosion is abandoned in
favour of demolition, despite the church being an exemplar of Anglo-Saxon
architecture and sculpture. ·
January 22 – The Bragança Portuguese
Royal Family arrives in Brazil, fleeing from the
French army. ·
January 26 – Rum Rebellion: On the 20th anniversary of
the foundation of the colony of New South Wales, disgruntled military
officers of the New South Wales
Corps (the Rum Corps) overthrow and
imprison Governor William Bligh, and seize control of the
colony. ·
February 2 – French troops occupy
the Papal States. ·
February 6 – The ship Topaz (from Boston April 5, 1807,
hunting seals) rediscovers the Pitcairn Islands; only one HMS Bounty mutineer is
still alive, (John Adams),
who is using the pseudonym Alexander Smith. ·
February 11 – In Wilkes-Barre,
Pennsylvania, Jesse Fell becomes the first person in
the world to burn anthracite coal,
as residential heating fuel. ·
February 21 – ·
The Finnish War begins, as Russian troops
cross the border into Finland without a declaration of war. ·
Russia
issues an ultimatum to Sweden, to join
Napoleon's Continental System against Great
Britain and Ireland.[2] ·
March 1 – The slave trade is abolished
by the United Kingdom in all of its colonies, as the act of January 22, 1807takes
effect.[3] ·
March 2: ·
Russian
troops occupy Helsinki, and
threaten Sveaborg. ·
The
inaugural meeting of the Wernerian
Natural History Society, a former Scottish learned society, is held in Edinburgh. ·
March 8 – Brazil: With the arrival of the Portuguese
royal family in Brazil, the colony
becomes the seat of Portuguese Empire. ·
March 11 – Russian troops occupy Tampere. ·
March 13 – Upon the death of Christian VII, Frederick VI becomes
king of Denmark. The next day (March 14), Denmark declares war on Sweden. ·
March 19 – Charles IV of Spain abdicates
in favor of his son, Ferdinand VII. ·
March 22 ·
Russian
troops occupy Turku. ·
English Wars:
Britain defeats Denmark and Norway during the Battle of Zealand
Point. April–June[edit] ·
April ·
A
volcano erupts from an unknown location in the western Pacific. This causes a
localized drop in marine air temperatures during this year, and a worldwide
drop in marine air temperature for the following decade.[4] ·
Prussian
philosopher Johann Gottlieb
Fichte publishes his Addresses
to the German Nation, having delivered them over the winter at
the Prussian
Academy of Sciences in Berlin, before crowded audiences. ·
April 6 – John Jacob Astor incorporates the American Fur Company. ·
April 16 – Troops under Colonel Carl von Döbeln clash
with Russian troops, in Pyhäjoki, Finland. ·
May 2 – Peninsular War: The people of Madrid rise up against the French troops. ·
May 3 ·
Finnish War: The fortress of Sveaborg is lost by Sweden to Russia. ·
Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose
on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío Hill (Francisco Goya paints the fight and the
execution in 1814). ·
June 12 – Finnish War: A landing of Swedish troops at
Ala-Lemu, near Turku, fails. ·
June 19 – Finnish War: A second landing of Swedish
troops at Ala-Lemu fails. ·
June 30 ·
Finnish War – Battle of Turku: The
Swedish archipelago fleet defeats
the Russians. ·
Humphry Davy informs the Royal Society
of London of his isolation and discovery of two elements by electrolysis.
From lime, he has
produced calcium and established that lime is
calcium oxide; by heating boric acid and potassium in a copper tube, he creates
a substance he calls boracium, and which is eventually
called boron.[5] July–September[edit] ·
July 5 – Wooster, Ohio Established by
David Wooster from Connecticut. ·
July 8 – Joseph Bonaparte approves the Bayonne Statute, a royal charter intended as
the basis for his rule as King of Spain, during the Peninsular War. ·
July 14 – Finnish War: Swedish troops under
Colonel Adlercreutz force
the Russians to withdraw in Lapua. ·
July 22 – Battle of Bailén:
French General Dupont surrenders to Spanish irregular forces. ·
August 10 – Finnish War: Swedish troops under Carl von Döbeln defeat
a Russian attack in Kauhajoki. ·
August 17 – Battle of Roliça:
An Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur
Wellesley defeats an outnumbered French army, under
General Henri Delaborde. ·
August 21 – Battle of Vimeiro:
British troops under Sir Arthur
Wellesley defeat the French under General Jean-Andoche Junot. ·
September 13 – Finnish War – Battle of Jutas: Swedish forces under
Lieutenant General Georg Carl von
Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war
hero. ·
September 27 – The Congress of Erfurt,
between the emperors Napoleon I of France and Alexander I of
Russia, begins. ·
September 29 – Finnish War: A truce is declared between
Swedish and Russian troops in Finland; it ends on October 19. October–December[edit] ·
October 6 – English chemist Humphry Davy electrochemically
isolates potassium from potash.[6] ·
November 8 – United
States presidential election, 1808: James Madison defeats Charles C. Pinckney,
winning 122 electoral votes to Pinckney's 47. Ten of the 17 states choose
their electors by popular vote, the rest choose through state
legislatures. George
Clinton, who is separately elected as Vice President, gets six
electoral votes for President.[7] ·
November 12 – Four large French
frigates under the command of Jacques
Félix Emmanuel Hamelin, including the Venus, are sent
to operate from Isle de France
(Mauritius) against British trade in the Indian Ocean, triggering the Mauritius
campaign of 1809–11.[8] ·
November 15 – Mahmud II (1808–1839)
succeeds Mustafa IV (1807–1808),
as sultan of the Ottoman Empire. ·
November 19 – A new truce at Olkijoki
ends fighting in Finland, and Swedish troops concede that area to Russia.[9] ·
November 23 – Battle of Tudela: French Marshal Lannes defeats a Spanish army. ·
December 1 – Tsar Alexander I of
Russia proclaims Finland a part of Russia.[10] ·
December 4 – Napoleon joins his army in Spain.[11] ·
December 9 – At 20:34 UTC, Mercury occults Saturn (there are no observation
records). ·
December 20 – The original Covent Garden Theatre in
London is destroyed by a fire, along with most of the scenery, costumes and
scripts. ·
December
20 – Peninsular War: The Siege of Zaragoza begins. ·
December 22 – Beethoven
concert of 22 December 1808: Ludwig van Beethoven conducts
and plays piano in a marathon benefit concert, at the Theater an der Wien in Vienna, consisting entirely of first public
performances of works by him, including Symphony No. 5, Symphony No. 6, Piano
Concerto No. 4 and Choral Fantasy. Date unknown[edit] ·
The
British Royal Navy establishes
the West Africa Squadron on
the coast of West Africa, to
enforce the abolitionist Blockade of Africa. ·
Goethe's Faust:
The First Part of the Tragedy is published in full
in Tübingen. ·
The Academy of
Fine Arts, Munich is founded. ·
Barium, calcium, magnesium and strontium are isolated by Humphry Davy in England. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 6 – Joseph Pitty
Couthouy, American naval officer (d. 1864) ·
January 13 – Salmon P. Chase, American politician, Chief
Justice of the United States (d. 1873) ·
January 19 – Lysander Spooner, American philosopher
(d. 1887) ·
January 27 – David Strauss, German theologian (d. 1874) ·
February 5 – Carl Spitzweg, German painter (d. 1885) ·
February 26 – Honoré Daumier,
French painter, illustrator, and sculptor (d. 1879) ·
March 1 – Edward
"Ned" Kendall, American bandleader, instrumentalist
(keyed bugle) (d. 1861) ·
March 17 – Pierre-Louis Dietsch,
French composer, conductor (d. 1865) ·
March 19 – José María Urvina,
5th President of Ecuador (d. 1891) ·
April 13 – Antonio Meucci, Italian-born inventor
(d. 1889) ·
April 20 – Napoleon III, Emperor of the French
(d. 1873) ·
May 6 – William
Strong, American politician, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1895) ·
May 18 – Venancio Flores, general, president of Uruguay (d. 1868) ·
May 21 – David de
Jahacob Lopez Cardozo, Dutch Talmudist (d. 1890) ·
May 22 – Gérard de Nerval,
French writer (d. 1855) ·
May 30 – Caroline Chisholm,
Australian humanitarian (d. 1877) ·
June 3 – Jefferson Davis, President
of the Confederate States (d. 1889) ·
June 13 – Patrice
de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta, French general and politician, first
president of the Third Republic (1875-1879) (d. 1893) ·
June 16 – James Frederick
Ferrier, Scottish metaphysical writer and philosopher
(d. 1864) ·
June 17 – Henrik Wergeland, Norwegian author (d. 1845) ·
June 20 – Samson Raphael
Hirsch, German rabbi (d. 1888) July–December[edit] ·
July 9 – Alexander
William Doniphan, American lawyer, military leader (d. 1887) ·
July 16 – Daniel Wells Jr., American politician
(d. 1902) ·
September 7 – William Lindley, English sanitary engineer
(d. 1900) ·
September 9 – Wendela Hebbe, Swedish journalist (d. 1899) ·
September 15 – John Hutton Balfour,
Scottish botanist (d. 1884) ·
September 29 – Henry
Bennett, American politician (d. 1868) ·
October 6 – King Frederick VII of
Denmark (d. 1863) ·
October 20 – Karl Andree, German geographer (d. 1875) ·
November 1 – John Taylor,
American Mormon leader (d. 1887) ·
November 2 – Jules
Amédée Barbey d'Aurevilly, French writer (d. 1889) ·
November 6 – Friedrich Julius
Richelot, German mathematician (d. 1875) ·
November 29 – William F. Johnston,
American politician (d. 1872) ·
December 29 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President
of the United States (d. 1875) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 4 – Prince
Benedetto, Duke of Chablais, Italian general in the French Revolution (b. 1741) ·
January 5 – Alexei
Grigoryevich Orlov, Russian soldier and statesman (b. 1737) ·
February 12 – Anna Maria Bennett,
English novelist (d. 1750) ·
February 14 – John
Dickinson, American lawyer, governor of Delaware and Pennsylvania
(b. 1732) ·
March 13 – King Christian VII of
Denmark (b. 1749) ·
May 18 – Elijah Craig, American minister, inventor
(b. 1738) ·
May 28 – Richard Hurd,
English bishop, writer (b. 1720) July–December[edit] Guy
Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester ·
September 3 – John
Montgomery, American delegate to the Continental Congress
(b. 1722) ·
September 5 – John Home, Scottish writer (b. 1722) ·
September 6 – Louis-Pierre
Anquetil, French historian (b. 1723) ·
September 13 – Saverio Bettinelli,
Italian writer (b. 1718) ·
September 17 – Benjamin Bourne, American politician
(b. 1755) ·
October 9 – John Claiborne, U.S. politician (b. 1777) ·
November 3 – Theophilus Lindsey,
English theologian (b. 1723) ·
November 10 – Guy
Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester, British soldier, governor of
Quebec (b. 1724) ·
November 17 – David Zeisberger, Moravian missionary
(b. 1721) Date unknown[edit] ·
Omie Wise, subject of a murder ballad (b. 1789) ·
Urszula Zamoyska, Polish noblewoman and
socialite (b. 1750) References[edit] 1.
^ Joseph R. Conlin, The American Past: A Survey of
American History(Cengage Learning, 2008) 2.
^ E. I. Kouri and Jens E. Olesen, eds. The
Cambridge History of Scandinavia: Volume 2, 1520–1870 (Cambridge
University Press, 2016) 3.
^ Antigua and the Antiguans: A Full Account of the
Colony and Its Inhabitants (1844, reprinted by Cambridge University
Press, 2011) p136 4.
^ Chenoweth, M. (2001), Two major volcanic cooling
episodes derived from global marine air temperature, AD 1807–1827, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 28(15), 2963–2966, doi:10.1029/2000GL012648. 5.
^ Marco Fontani, Mariagrazia Costa and Mary Virginia
Orna, The Lost Elements: The Periodic Table's Shadow Side (Oxford
University Press, 2014) 6.
^ "England's Greatest Chemist, Sir Humphry
Davy", by John A. Bowes, in Young England magazine
(Sunday School Union, 1883) p63 7.
^ Thomas Hudson McKee, The National Conventions
and Platforms of All Political Parties (Friedenwald, 1901) p18 8.
^ William James and Frederick Chamier, The Naval
History of Great Britain, Volume 5 (Macmillan and Company, 1902) p53 9.
^ Jón Stefánsson, Denmark and
Sweden: With Iceland and Finland (T.F. Unwin, Ltd., 1916) p332 10.
^ Edward C. Thaden, Russia's Western Borderlands,
1710-1870(Princeton University Press, 2014) p85 11.
^ James Harvey Robinson and Charles A. Beard, eds., Outlines
of European History: From the opening of the eighteenth century to the
present day (Ginn and Company, 1912) p214 |
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