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1838 (MDCCCXXXVIII)
was a common year starting
on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1838th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 838th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 38th year of the 19th century,
and the 9th year of the 1830s decade. As of
the start of 1838, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 10 – A fire destroys Lloyd's Coffee House and
the Royal Exchange in
London. ·
January 11 – At Morristown, New
Jersey, Samuel F.B. Morse, Alfred Vail and Leonard D. Gale give
the first public demonstration of Morse's new invention, the telegraph.[1] ·
January 21 – The first known report
about the lowest
temperature on Earth is made, indicating −60 °C
(−76 °F) in Yakutsk. ·
February 6 – Boer explorer Piet Retief and 60 of his men are
massacred by King Dingane kaSenzangakhona of the Zulu people, after Retief accepts an
invitation to celebrate the signing of a treaty, and his men willingly disarm
as a show of good faith.[2] ·
February 24 – U.S.
Representatives William J. Graves of
Kentucky and Jonathan Cilley of Maine face each other in a
duel, with rifles at 80 yards, near Bladensburg,
Maryland. On the third try, Congressman Cilley
is fatally wounded, and bleeds to death.[3] ·
March 13 – A combination of rain and
melting snow cause the Danube River to overflow its banks,
washing away villages in western Hungary, and inundating what is now Budapest. More than 150 people are drowned,
and Europe's nations come to Hungary's aid, to prevent the spread of famine
and disease.[4] ·
March 31 – The first installment
of Nicholas Nickleby,
the new novel by Charles Dickens,
is released as the opener of a 20-part serial in the London magazine, The
Spectator.[5] April–June[edit] ·
April 4 – 22 – The paddle steamer SS Sirius makes the transatlantic
crossing to New York from Cork, Ireland in 18 days, though not using steam
continuously.[6] ·
April 8 – 23 – Isambard Kingdom
Brunel's paddle steamer SS Great Western (1838)
makes the transatlantic crossing to New York from Avonmouth, England, in 15 days,
inaugurating a regular steamship service.[7] ·
April 30 – Nicaragua declares independence from
the Federal
Republic of Central America.[8] ·
May ·
The People's Charter is drawn up in the
United Kingdom, demanding universal suffrage. ·
Lord
Durham and his entourage arrive in Upper Canada, to investigate the cause of
the 1837 rebellion in that province. This
leads to Durham submitting the Durham Report to Britain. ·
An
insurrection breaks out in Tizimín, beginning the campaign for
the independence of Yucatán from
Mexico. ·
May 26 – Trail of Tears: The Cherokee
Nation is forcibly relocated in the United States. ·
May 28 – Braulio Carrillo is
sworn in as Head of State
of Costa Rica, thus beginning his second term in office. ·
June 10 – Myall Creek massacre:
28 Indigenous
Australians are killed. ·
June 28 – The coronation of Queen Victoria takes place at Westminster Abbey in
London.[9] July–September[edit] ·
July 4 – In the United States,
the Iowa Territory is
formally established, following the signing of a bill by President Martin Van Buren on June 12. In addition to Iowa,
which will become a state on December 28, 1846, the Territory also includes
most of what will become the states of Minnesota, North Dakota and South Dakota. Robert Lucas,
former Governor of Ohio, takes office as the first Territorial Governor.[10] ·
August 1 – Former slaves in Jamaica are freed of their indentures. ·
August 6 – The Polytechnic Institution,
predecessor of the University of
Westminster and Britain's first polytechnic,
opens in Regent Street,
London.[11] ·
September 7 – Grace Darling and her father rescue 13
survivors from the Forfarshire,
off the Farne Islands. ·
September 18 – The Anti-Corn Law League is
established by Richard Cobden. October–December[edit] ·
October 1 – First Carlist War – Battle of Maella:
Supporters of Infante Carlos, Count of
Molina, are victorious. ·
October 5 – Killough massacre,
believed to have been both the largest and last Native American attack on
white settlers in East Texas. 18
casualties are either killed or carried away. ·
October 27 – Lilburn Boggs, Governor of Missouri,
by Missouri
Executive Order 44, declares Mormons to be enemies of the state, and
encourages the extermination or exile of the religious minority, forcing
nearly 10,000 Mormons out of the state.[12] ·
November 3 – The
Bombay Times and Journal of Commerce is founded
(renamed The Times of India in 1861). ·
November 5 – Dissolution of the Federal
Republic of Central America: Honduras and Costa Rica follow the example of Nicaragua and secede from the
federation.[8] ·
November 16 – Austria: Moravia opens the final section
of Emperor
Ferdinand Northern Railway (Rajhrad-Brno)
for exhibition (preliminary) use. ·
November 27 – Pastry War: Mexico is invaded by French
forces. ·
December 16 – Battle of Blood
River: The Boers win a decisive
victory over the Zulus. ·
December ·
First Anglo-Afghan
War: British and Presidency armies set
out from Punjab, in
support of Shah Shujah Durrani's claim to the throne of Afghanistan. Date unknown[edit] ·
The Pitcairn Islands become a Crown colony of the United Kingdom, and
women there are the first in the world to be granted and maintain women's suffrage.[13] ·
Proteins are discovered by Gerardus
Johannes Mulder.[14] and named by Jöns Jacob Berzelius.[15] ·
Friedrich Bessel makes the first
accurate measurement of distance to a star. ·
Five nuns,
from the Religious
Sisters of Charity in Ireland, become the first women of
religion to set foot on Australian soil. ·
Biblical criticism: Christian
Hermann Weisse proposes the two-source
hypothesis. ·
Duke University is established in North Carolina. ·
The
5th century BC bronze Chatsworth Head is acquired by
the 6th
Duke of Devonshire at Smyrna, from H. P. Borrell. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 4 – General Tom Thumb,
American circus performer, entertainer (d. 1883) ·
January 6 – Max Bruch, German composer (d. 1920) ·
January 16 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher,
psychologist (d. 1917) ·
January 29 – Edward W. Morley, American chemist noted for
working on the Michelson–Morley
experiment (d. 1923) ·
February 2 – John Joseph Jolly
Kyle, Scots-born Argentine chemist (d. 1922) ·
February 6 – Henry Irving, English actor (d. 1905) ·
February 9 – Evelyn
Wood, British field marshal, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1919) ·
February 10 – Gustav Oelwein, American founder of Oelwein, Iowa (d. 1913) ·
February 12 – Julius Dresser, American writer (d. 1893) ·
February 13 – Annetta Seabury
Dresser, American writer (d. 1893) ·
February 16 – Henry Brooks Adams,
American historian (d. 1918) ·
February 18 – Ernst Mach, Austrian physicist, philosopher
(d. 1916) ·
March 3 – George William Hill,
American astronomer (d. 1914) ·
March 11 – Ōkuma Shigenobu, Japanese politician
(d. 1922) ·
March 12 – William Henry Perkin,
English chemist (d. 1907) ·
March 15 – Alice
Cunningham Fletcher, American ethnologist, anthropologist, and social scientist (d. 1923) ·
April 2 – Léon Gambetta, Prime Minister of France
(d. 1882) ·
April 3 – John Willis Menard,
African-American politician (d. 1893) ·
April 12 – John Shaw Billings,
M.D., American military, medical leader (d. 1913) ·
April 16 ·
Ernest Solvay, Belgian chemist,
industrialist and philanthropist (d. 1922) ·
Martha McClellan
Brown, American
temperance movement leader (d. 1916) ·
April 18 – Paul-Émile
Lecoq de Boisbaudran, French chemist
(d. 1912) ·
April 21 – John Muir, American ecologist (d. 1914) ·
April 28 – Tobias Asser, Dutch jurist, recipient of
the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1913) ·
May 6 – Alexandra Smirnoff,
Finnish pomologist (d. 1913) ·
May 10 – John Wilkes Booth,
American actor, assassin (d. 1865) ·
May 11 – Isabelle Bogelot,
French philanthropist (d. 1923) ·
May 20 – Jules Méline,
French statesman (d. 1925) ·
July full
date unknown – Bass Reeves, one of the first black Deputy
U.S. Marshals west of the Mississippi River (d. 1910) ·
June 14 – Yamagata Aritomo,
Japanese field marshal, Prime Minister (d. 1922) ·
June 24 – Gustav von Schmoller, German economist (d. 1917) ·
June 27 – Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Indian author
(d. 1894) July–December[edit] ·
July 1 – Marie-Louise Jaÿ, French businesswoman (d. 1925) ·
July 6 – Vatroslav Jagić, Croatian scholar
(d. 1923) ·
July 7 – Felice Napoleone Canevaro,
Italian admiral (d. 1926) ·
July 8 – Ferdinand von
Zeppelin, German military officer, founder of the Zeppelin Company
(d. 1917) ·
July 11 – John Wanamaker, American merchant and
religious, civic and political figure (d. 1922) ·
July 18 – John A. Kimberly, American entrepreneur,
co-founder of Kimberly-Clark (d. 1928) ·
July 20 – Sir
George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, British statesman, author (d. 1928) ·
September 2 – Bhaktivinoda Thakur, Indian guru, philosopher
(d. 1914) ·
September 2 – Liliuokalani, last Queen of Hawaii (d. 1917) ·
September 17 – Valeriano Weyler,
Spanish general (d. 1930) ·
September 23 – Victoria Woodhull,
American woman's suffrage leader; first woman to run for U.S. President
(d. 1927) ·
September 27 – Lawrence Sullivan
Ross, Confederate brigadier
general, Texas governor and president of Texas A&M
University (d. 1898) ·
September 29 – Henry Hobson
Richardson, American architect (d. 1886) ·
September 30 – Phoebe Jane
Babcock Wait, American physician (d. 1904) ·
October 6 – Giuseppe Cesare Abba,
Italian patriot, writer (d. 1910) ·
October 25 – Georges Bizet, French composer (d. 1875) ·
October 31 – King Luís I of Portugal (d. 1889) ·
November 1 – Khedrup Gyatso, 11th Dalai Lama (d. 1856) ·
November 7 – Auguste
Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, French writer
(d. 1889) ·
November 8 – Rufus Wheeler
Peckham, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1909) ·
November 13 – Joseph F. Smith, 6th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1918) ·
November 20 – Hedvig Raa-Winterhjelm, pioneer
Scandinavian actor (d. 1907) ·
November 23 – Stephanos Skouloudis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1928) ·
November – Maria Flechtenmacher, Romanian writer, publicist and
pedagogue (d. 1888) ·
December 3 – Cleveland Abbe, American meteorologist
(d. 1916) ·
December 19 – Darinka Petrovic,
Princess consort of Montenegro (d. 1892) ·
December 20 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian, author (d. 1926) ·
December 30 – Émile Loubet,
7th President of France (d. 1929) Date unknown[edit] ·
Jamāl
al-Dīn al-Afghānī,
Islamic teacher, writer (d. 1897) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 3 – Maximilian,
Hereditary Prince of Saxony (b. 1759) ·
January 5 – Anthony Van Egmond, leader in Upper Canada Rebellion
of 1837 (d. in jail) (b. 1778) ·
January 12 – Joshua Humphreys, American naval architect
(b. 1751) ·
January 13 – John Scott,
1st Earl of Eldon, Lord Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1751) ·
February 21 – Silvestre de Sacy, French linguist (b. 1758) ·
February 24 – Christoph
Johann von Medem, German courtier
(b. 1763) ·
March 7 – Robert Townsend
(spy), American member of the Culper Spy Ring (b. 1753) ·
March 13 – Poul Martin Møller, Danish philosopher
(b. 1794) ·
March 16 – Nathaniel Bowditch,
American mathematician (b. 1773) ·
April 3 – François Carlo
Antommarchi, French physician (b. 1780) ·
April 6 – José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva,
Brazilian statesman, naturalist (b. 1763) ·
April 9 – Piet Uys,
Voortrekker leader (in battle) (b. 1797) ·
May – Francisco
Gómez, President of El Salvador (b. 1796) ·
May 17 – Charles
Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French diplomat (b. 1754) ·
May 19 – Sir
Richard Hoare, English archaeologist (b. 1758) ·
May 23 – Jan Willem Janssens, Governor-General
of the Dutch East Indies (b. 1762) ·
June 14 – Maximilian von Montgelas, Bavarian statesman (b. 1759) July–December[edit] ·
July 19 – Christmas Evans, Welsh preacher (b. 1766) ·
August 1 – John Rodgers,
American naval officer (b. 1772) ·
August 17 – Lorenzo Da Ponte, librettist for Mozart (b. 1749) ·
August 21 – Adelbert von Chamisso, German writer
(b. 1781) ·
September 1 – William Clark, American explorer (b. 1770) ·
September 15 – Alexandra Branitskaya, Russian political activist,
courtier and businessperson (b. 1754) ·
September 27 – Bernard Courtois, French chemist (b. 1777) ·
October 1 – Charles Tennant, Scottish chemist,
industrialist (b. 1768) ·
October 3 – Black Hawk,
Sauk Indian chief, autobiographer (b. 1767) ·
October 5 – Pauline Léon, French feminist, radical
(b. 1768) ·
November 7 – Anne Grant, Scottish poet (b. 1755) ·
November 21 – Georges Mouton, count of Lobau, Marshal of France (b. 1770) ·
December 20 – Hégésippe Moreau, French writer and poet
(b. 1810) References[edit] 1.
^ Russell W. Burns, Communications: An
International History of the Formative Years (Institution of
Engineering and Technology, 2004) p84 2.
^ Dominique Lapierre, A Rainbow in the Night: The
Tumultuous Birth of South Africa(Da Capo Press, 2009) 3.
^ "Cilley-Graves
Duel", in Historical Dictionary of the Jacksonian Era and
Manifest Destiny, by Mark R. Cheathem and Terry
Corps (Rowman & Littlefield, 2016) p98 4.
^ Kinga Frojimovics, Géza Komoróczy, Jewish Budapest:
Monuments, Rites, History(Central
European University Press, 1999) p58 5.
^ Catherine Delafield, Serialization and the Novel
in Mid-Victorian Magazines(Routledge,
2016) p6 6.
^ "Steamship Curaçao". Archived from the original on December
24, 2010. Retrieved 2011-02-02. 7.
^ "Icons, a portrait of England 1820-1840".
Archived from the original on September 22, 2007.
Retrieved 2007-09-12. 8.
^ Jump up to:a b Sandoval,
Victor Hugo. "Federal Republic of Central America". Monedas de Guatemala. Retrieved 2013-11-05. 9.
^ Penguin Pocket On
This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0. 10.
^ "Iowa Territory Legal Materials", by David
Hanson, in Prestatehood Legal
Materials: A Fifty-State Research Guide, Including New York City and the
District of Columbia (The Haworth Information Press, 2006) p388 11.
^ "University of Westminster".
London: Beginnings Project. Retrieved 2011-02-09. 12.
^ "Quincy, Illinois: A Temporary Refuge,
1838-39". BYU Religious Studies Center. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013.
Retrieved 2013-10-27. 13.
^ "World suffrage timeline – women and the
vote". New Zealand Ministry of Culture and Heritage. 14.
^ Mulder, G. J. (1838). "Over Proteine
en hare Verbindingen en Ontledingsproducten". Natuur- en scheikundig
Archief. 6: 87–162. 15.
^ Vickery, Hubert Bradford (1950). "The Origin of the Word Protein". Yale
Journal of Biology and Medicine. 22 (5): 387–93. PMC 2598953. PMID 15413335. |
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