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1839 (MDCCCXXXIX) was
a common year starting
on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1839th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 839th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 39th year of the 19th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1830s decade. As of the start of 1839,
the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January – The first parallax measurement of the distance
to Alpha Centauri is
published by Thomas
Henderson. ·
January 2 – The first photograph of the
Moon is taken, by French photographer Louis Daguerre. ·
January 6 – Night of the Big
Wind: Ireland is struck by the most damaging cyclone in 300 years. ·
January 9 – The French Academy
of Sciences announces the daguerreotype photography process. ·
January 19 – British forces capture Aden. ·
January 20 – Battle of Yungay: Chile defeats the Peru–Bolivian
Confederation, leading to the restoration of an independent Peru. ·
January 29 – English naturalist Charles Darwin marries his cousin Emma Wedgwood. ·
February 11 – The University of
Missouri is established, becoming the first public university
west of the Mississippi River. ·
February 24 – William Otis receives a patent for the steam shovel. ·
March 5 – Longwood University is
founded in Farmville, Virginia. ·
March 7 – Baltimore City
College, the third public high school in the United States, is
established in Baltimore, Maryland. ·
March 9 – The Anti-Corn Law League is
founded in Manchester, England. ·
March 23 – The Boston Morning Post first
records the use of "O.K." (oll korrect). ·
March 26 – The first Henley Royal Regatta is
held on the River Thames, in
England. April–June[edit] ·
April 9 – The world's first commercial
electric telegraph line
comes into operation, alongside the Great Western
Railway line in England, from London
Paddington station to West Drayton. ·
April 19 – The Treaty of London establishes Belgium as a kingdom, with its independence and
neutrality guaranteed by the great powers of Europe. Half of
the Limburg province
of Belgium is added to the Netherlands, giving rise to a Belgian Limburg and Dutch Limburg (the
latter being joined (from September 5) to the German Confederation). ·
April 24 – Boston University is
established as the Newbury Biblical Institute in Vermont. ·
May 7 – The Bedchamber Crisis begins
in the United Kingdom, after Prime Minister Lord
Melbourne announces his resignation. [1] Queen Victoria asks several MPs to form
a new government, and they insist on the condition that the Queen dismiss
several of her personal attendants, the ladies of the
bedchamber, for political reasons. ·
May 12 – Socialist activist Louis Auguste Blanqui and the Société des Saisons begin an uprising against the government
of France. The insurrection is suppressed, but
not before 50 people are killed and 190 wounded. Blanqui
is imprisoned until 1848. [2] ·
May 22 – Former British statesman Lord
Durham, as President of the New Zealand Company,
formally asks the British government for permission to colonize New Zealand, and to establish a colonial
government under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom. [3] ·
May 23 – Turkish troops cross the Euphrates River and invade Syria, but
are defeated in battle in June. [4] ·
June 3 – Destruction
of opium at Humen begins, casus belli for Britain to open the
3-year First Opium War against Qing Dynasty China. A rapid rise in the
sale of opium in China to over 40,000 chests (~56,000 kilograms
(123,000 lb)) per annum results. [5][6] has caused the Chinese government to dispatch
scholar-official Lin Zexu to Guangzhou to deal with the growing problem
of opium addiction. ·
June 22 – Louis Daguerre receives a patent for
his camera (commercially available by September at the price of 400 francs). July–September[edit] ·
July 1 ·
Slaves
aboard the Amistad rebel,
and capture the ship. ·
Abdülmecid I (1839–1861)
succeeds Mahmud II (1808–1839)
as Ottoman Emperor. ·
July 23 – First Anglo-Afghan
War – Battle of Ghazni:
British forces capture the fortress city of Ghazni, Afghanistan. ·
August 19 – The French government
gives Louis Daguerre a
pension, and gives the daguerreotype "for the whole
world". ·
August 31 – The First Carlist War (Spain)
ends with the Convenio de Vergara, also known as
the Abrazo de Vergara ("the embrace in Vergara"; Bergara in Basque), between liberal general Baldomero Espartero, Count of Luchana and
Carlist General Rafael Maroto. ·
September 4 – Battle of Kowloon:
British vessels open fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on
the British community in China in the first armed conflict of the First Opium War. ·
September 9 – In the Great Fire
of Mobile, Alabama,
hundreds of buildings are burned. October–December[edit] ·
October 3 – In the Kingdom of
the Two Sicilies, a railway
between Naples and Portici (7.4 km (4.6 mi)
length) is inaugurated by King Ferdinand
II of Bourbon, as the first railway in the Italian Peninsula. ·
October 15 – Abdelkader El Djezairi declares a jihad against the French. ·
November 4 – The Newport Rising is the last large-scale
armed rebellion against authority, in mainland Britain. ·
November 11 – The Virginia
Military Institute is founded in Lexington, Virginia. ·
November 17 – Giuseppe Verdi's first opera, Oberto, conte di San
Bonifacio, opens in Milan. ·
November 25 – A disastrous cyclone slams India with terrible winds
and a giant 40-foot storm surge,
wiping out the port city of Coringa;
300,000 people die. ·
November 27 – In Boston, Massachusetts, the American
Statistical Association is founded. ·
December 6 – In Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania, at its first ever national
convention, the Whig Party nominates
former U.S. Army General William Henry
Harrison, to be its candidate for President of the United States
in the 1840 election. Although Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky had received 103
of the 128 necessary votes on the first ballot, he receives only 90 on the
final vote, while Harrison gets 148. Former U.S. Senator John Tyler is unanimously nominated for
Vice President. [7] Date unknown[edit] ·
In
the United States, the first state law permitting women to own property is
passed in Jackson, Mississippi. ·
The United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, backed by the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire, compels July Monarchy France to abandon Muhammad Ali of
Egypt, and forces him to return Syria and Arabia to the Ottoman Empire. ·
Tanzimat starts in the Ottoman Empire. ·
Emperor Minh Mạng renames Việt Nam to Đại
Nam. ·
Michael Faraday publishes "Experimental Researches in Electricity",
clarifying the true nature of electricity. ·
Charles Goodyear vulcanizes rubber. ·
An
archaeological excavation on Copán begins. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 2 – Gustave Trouvé,
French electrical engineer, inventor (d. 1902) ·
January 6 – Arthur
Gore, 5th Earl of Arran, Irish peer and diplomat (d. 1901) ·
January 8 – William Andrews
Clark, American politician, entrepreneur (d. 1925) ·
January 9 – John Knowles Paine,
first well-known American-born composer of large-scale orchestral music
(d. 1906) ·
January 19 – Paul Cézanne, French painter (d. 1906) ·
January 26 – Rachel Lloyd,
American chemist (d. 1900) ·
February 6 – Caroline Testman,
Danish women's rights activist (d. 1919) ·
Josiah Willard Gibbs,
American physicist, chemist (d. 1903) ·
Almon Strowger,
American telecommunications engineer (d. 1902) ·
February 18 – Pascual Cervera y Topete,
Spanish admiral (d. 1909) ·
February 22 – Francis Pharcellus Church, American editor, publisher
(d. 1906) ·
March 3 – Jamsetji Tata,
Indian Parsi businessman (d. 1904) ·
March 8 ·
Josephine Cochrane,
American inventor of the first commercially successful dishwasher (d. 1913) ·
James
Craft, American chemist (d. 1917) ·
March 9 – Phoebe Knapp, American hymn writer (d. 1908) ·
March 15 – Daniel Ridgway
Knight, American artist (d. 1924) ·
March 16 ·
Sully Prudhomme, French poet, critic, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1907) ·
John Butler Yeats,
Irish artist (d. 1922) ·
March 21 – Modest Mussorgsky,
Russian composer (d. 1881) ·
March 23 – Julius von Hann, Austrian meteorologist (The
father of modern meteorology) (d. 1921) ·
March 25 ·
Carlo
Pellegrini, Italian caricaturist (d. 1889) ·
Marianne Hainisch, founder, leader of the Austrian
women's movement (d. 1936) ·
March 27 – John Ballance, 14th Premier of New
Zealand (d. 1893) ·
April 3 – Karl, Freiherr
von Prel, German philosopher (d. 1899) ·
April 8 – Belle L. Pettigrew,
American teacher, missionary (d. 1912) ·
April 12 – Nikolay Przhevalsky, Russian explorer (d. 1888) ·
April 16 – Antonio
Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì,
Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1908) ·
April 30 ·
Floriano Peixoto, Brazilian president (d. 1895) ·
Archduke
Karl Salvator of Austria, (d. 1892) ·
Yoshitoshi,
Japanese artist (d. 1892) ·
May 1 – Adolf Guyer-Zeller,
Swiss entrepreneur (d. 1899) ·
May 21 ·
Nils Christoffer Dunér,
Swedish astronomer (d. 1914) ·
Mary of the Passion,
French Roman Catholic religious
sister, missionary and blessed (d. 1904) ·
June 1 – Abdyl Frashëri, Albanian politician [d.1892) ·
June 10 – Ludvig Holstein-Ledreborg, Prime Minister
of Denmark (d. 1912) ·
June 17 – Arthur Tooth, Anglican clergyman prosecuted for Ritualist practices
in the 1870s (d. 1931) ·
June 21 – Machado de Assis, Brazilian author (d. 1908) July–December[edit] ·
July 6 – Édouard Pottier,
French admiral (d. 1903) ·
July 8 – John D. Rockefeller,
American industrialist, philanthropist (d. 1937) ·
July 9 – Enrico Cruciani Alibrandi, Italian politician
(d. 1921) ·
July 17 – Ephraim Shay, American inventor of the Shay locomotive (d. 1916) ·
July 18 – James Surtees
Phillpotts, English author (d. 1930) ·
July 28 – Isabelle Gatti de Gamond,
Italo-Belgian educationalist, feminist and politician (d. 1905) ·
July 31 – Ignacio Andrade, 37th President of Venezuela
(d. 1925) ·
August 4 – Walter Pater, English essayist, critic
(d. 1894) ·
August 8 – Nelson A. Miles, American general (d. 1925) ·
August 15 – Antonín Petrof, Czech piano maker (d. 1915) ·
September 2 – Henry George, American writer, politician
and political economist (d. 1897) ·
September 7 – Patricio Montojo,
Spanish admiral (d. 1917) ·
September 10 – Charles Sanders
Peirce, American philosopher, logician, mathematician and
scientist (d. 1914) ·
October 2 – Oscar de Négrier, French general (d. 1913) ·
Georges Leclanché, French electrical engineer,
inventor (d. 1882) ·
Winfield Scott
Schley, American admiral (d. 1911) ·
October 30 – Alfred Sisley, French Impressionist
landscape painter (d. 1899) ·
November 1 – Pál Luthár,
Slovene writer in Hungary (d. 1919) ·
November 12 – Frank Furness, American architect, soldier
(d. 1912) ·
August Kundt, German physicist (d. 1894) ·
Emil Škoda, Czech
engineer, industrialist (d. 1900) ·
November 20 – Christian Wilberg, German painter (d. 1882) ·
December 5 – George Armstrong
Custer, American cavalry officer (d. 1876) ·
December 7 – Redvers Buller,
British general, Victoria Cross recipient (d. 1908) ·
December 12 – Caroline Ingalls (b. Caroline Lake Quiner), American pioneer, mother of author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1924) ·
December 23 – János Murkovics, Slovene writer, teacher
in Hungary (d. 1917) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 24 – Michele Cachia, Maltese architect, military
engineer (b. 1760) ·
February 7 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (b. 1799) ·
February 10 – Pedro Romero, Spanish torero (b. 1754) ·
March 2 – Charlotte Napoléone Bonaparte, niece of Napoleon I of France (b. 1802) ·
April 1 – Benjamin
Pierce, American politician (b. 1757) ·
April 2 – Hezekiah Niles, American editor, publisher
(b. 1777) ·
April 4 – Queen Kaahumanu II of Hawaii ·
April 11 – John Galt, Scottish novelist (b. 1779) ·
April 22 – Denis Davydov, Russian
general, poet (b. 1784) ·
May 11 ·
Thomas
Cooper, American political philosopher (b. 1759) ·
William Farquhar, First British Resident and
Commandant of colonial Singapore (b. 1774) ·
May 17 – Archibald
Alison, Scottish author (b. 1757) ·
June 23 – Lady Hester Stanhope,
English archaeologist (b. 1776) ·
June 27 – Ranjit Singh, Maharaja of The Punjab (Sikh Empire) (b. 1780)[8] July–December[edit] ·
July 1 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (b. 1785) ·
July 8 – Fernando Sor, Spanish guitarist, composer
(b. 1778) ·
July 15 – Winthrop
Mackworth Praed, English politician,
poet (b. 1802) ·
July 16 – Chief Bowles,
Cherokee leader (b. ~1756) ·
July 19 – Maurice de Guérin, French poet (b. 1810) ·
August 10 – Sir John
St Aubyn, 5th Baronet, English fossil collector (b. 1758) ·
August 22 – Benjamin Lundy, American abolitionist
(b. 1789) ·
August 28 – William Smith,
English geologist, cartographer (b. 1769) ·
September 10 – James
Maitland, 8th Earl of Lauderdale, Scottish politician (b. 1759) ·
September 29 – Friedrich Mohs, German geologist,
mineralogist (b. 1773) ·
October 6 – William Light, British Army colonel, first
Surveyor-General of South Australia (b. 1786) ·
October 11 – Leonor de Almeida Portugal, 4th Marquise of Alorna, Portuguese painter, poet (b. 1750) ·
November 15 – William Murdoch, Scottish inventor (b. 1754) ·
December 3 – Frederick VI,
King of Denmark, ex-King of Norway (b. 1768) ·
December 4 – John Leamy, Irish–American merchant (b. 1757) ·
December 15 – Ignaz Aurelius
Fessler, Hungarian court councillor,
minister to Alexander I (b. 1756) References[edit] 1.
^ Mark Hovell, The
Chartist Movement (Manchester University Press, 1966) p143 2.
^ Jill Harsin, Barricades:
The War of the Streets in Revolutionary Paris, 1830-1848 (Palgrave
Macmillan, 2002) p124 3.
^ T. Lindsay Buick, The French at Akaroa: An
Adventure in Colonization (Cambridge University Press, 1928)(reprinted 2011) p294 4.
^ Charles Alan Fyffe, A History of Modern Europe,
Volume 2 (Cassell & Company, 1886) p453 5.
^ Greenberg,
Michael. British Trade and the Opening of China 1800-1841 (preview). p. 113. expansion in imports
from 16,550 chests in the season 1831-2 to over 30,000 in 1835-6, and 40,000
in 1838-9 6.
^ Ebrey, Patricia Buckley, ed.
(2010). "Chapter 9: Manchus and Imperialism: The Qing Dynasty
1644–1900". The Cambridge Illustrated History of China (2nd
ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 236. ISBN 978-0-521-19620-8. 7.
^ Stan M. Haynes, The First American Political
Conventions: Transforming Presidential Nominations, 1832-1872 (McFarland,
2012) p54 8.
^ Gardner, Alexander.
"XII". Memoirs Of Alexander Gardner -
Colonel of Artillery in the Service of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
William Blackwood & Sons. p. 211. |
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