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1844 (MDCCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on
Monday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1844th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
844th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 44th year of the 19th century,
and the 5th year of the 1840s decade. As of
the start of 1844, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents ·
1Events ·
2Births ·
3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 15 – The University of
Notre Dame, based in the city of the same
name, receives its charter from Indiana. ·
February 27 – The Dominican Republic gains
independence from Haiti.
February 28: USS Princeton deaths. ·
February 28 – A gun on the USS Princeton explodes
while the boat is on a Potomac River cruise, killing 2 United States
Cabinet members and several others. ·
March 8 – King Oscar I ascends
to the throne of Sweden–Norway upon
the death of his father, Charles
XVI/III John. ·
March 12 – The Columbus and
Xenia Railroad, the first railroad planned to be built in Ohio,
is chartered. ·
March 21 – The Bahá'í calendar begins. ·
March 23 – The Edict of
Toleration is passed, allowing Jews to settle in the Holy Land. April–June[edit] ·
April 2 – The Fleet Prison for debtors in London is closed, marking a
significant milestone in the
country's human rights record. [1] ·
May 1 – The Hong Kong Police
Force, the world's second, Asia's first modern police force, is
established. ·
May 23 – Persian Prophet The Báb privately announces his revelation
to Mullá Husayn,
just after sunset, founding the Bábí faith (later evolving into the
Bahá'í Faith as the Báb intended)
in Shiraz, Persia (now Iran). Contemporaneously, on this day in nearby
Tehran, was the birth of `Abdu'l-Bahá; the
eldest Son of Bahá'u'lláh,
Prophet-Founder of the Bahá'í Faith, the
inception of which, the Báb's proclaimed
His own mission was to herald. `Abdu'l-Bahá Himself was later
proclaimed by Bahá'u'lláh to be His own successor, thus being the third
"central figure" of the Bahá'í Faith. ·
May 24 – The first electrical telegram is
sent by Samuel Morse from
the U.S. Capitol in Washington, D.C. to the B&O Railroad "outer
depot" in Baltimore, saying
"What hath God wrought". ·
June–July –
The Great Flood of 1844 hits
the Missouri River and Mississippi River. ·
June 6 – George Williams sets
up (in London) what is often cited as the first youth organisation in the
world[2] - "The Young
Men's Christian Association", commonly known as YMCA.
It would grow to a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with
more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. George
Williams aimed to put Christian principles into practice by developing a
healthy "body, mind, and spirit." These three angles are reflected
by the different sides of the (red) triangle—part of all YMCA logos. ·
June 15 – Charles Goodyear receives a patent for vulcanization, a process to strengthen rubber. ·
June 22 – The Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity
is founded. ΔΚΕ will be home to many well known VIPs, such as
U.S. Presidents George W. Bush, George H. W. Bush, Gerald Ford, and Theodore
Roosevelt. ·
June 27 – Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day
Saint movement, and his brother Hyrum, are killed in Carthage Jail, Carthage, Illinois by
an armed mob, leading to a Succession
crisis. John Taylor,
future president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints,
is severely injured but survives. July–September[edit] ·
July 3 ·
The United States signs the Treaty of Wanghia with
the Chinese Government, the first ever diplomatic agreement between China and
the United States. ·
The last definitely recorded pair
of great auks are killed on the Icelandic island of Eldey.
·
August 8 – During a meeting held
in Nauvoo, Illinois,
the Quorum of the Twelve,
headed by Brigham Young,
is chosen as the leading body of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. ·
August 14 – Abdelkader El
Djezairi is defeated at Isly in Morocco; sultan Abd al-Rahman of
Morocco soon repudiates his ally. ·
August 16 – Narciso Claveria, Governor-General
of the Philippines, makes a decree announcing that Monday,
December 30, 1844 will be immediately followed by Wednesday, January 1, 1845.
(Tuesday, December 31, 1844 was removed from the Philippine calendar because
from 1521-1844, the Philippines was one day behind its Asianneighbors). ·
August 28 – Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx meet in Paris, France. ·
September 25–27 – The first ever international
cricket match is played in New York City, United
States v Canadian Provinces. October–December[edit] ·
October 22 – This second date,
predicted by the Millerites for
the Second Coming of Jesus, leads to the Great Disappointment.
The Seventh-day
Adventist Church believes this date to be the starting point
of the Investigative
judgment, just prior to the Second Coming of Jesus, as declared in
the 26th of 28 fundamental doctrines of Seventh-day Adventists.[3] ·
October 23 – The Báb is publicly proclaimed to be the
promised one of Islam (the Qá'im,
or Mahdi). He is also considered to be
simultaneously the return of Elijah, John the Baptist, and the "Ushídar-Máh" referred to in the Zoroastrian scriptures.[4] He announces to
the world the coming of "He whom
God shall make manifest". He is considered the forerunner
of Bahá'u'lláh –
the founder of the Bahá'í Faith –
whose claims include being the return of Jesus. ·
November 3 – Giuseppe Verdi's I due Foscari debuts at Teatro Argentina,
Rome. ·
November 6 – The Dominican Republic drafts
its first Constitution. ·
December 4 – U.S.
presidential election, 1844: James K. Polk defeats Henry Clay. ·
November 13 – Hungarian becomes
the official language of Hungary[5] ·
December 21 – The Rochdale Pioneers commence
business at their cooperative in Rochdale, England. Date unknown[edit] ·
Swedish chemistry professor Gustaf Erik Pasch invents
the safety match. ·
Carlos Antonio López becomes
dictator of Paraguay. ·
The anonymously written Vestiges
of the Natural History of Creation is published, and
paves the way for the acceptance of Darwin's book On the Origin of
Species. ·
The Free Church Institution is
established by Reverend Alexander
Duff in Calcutta, India. This
is later merged with the General Assembly's Institution to form the Scottish Church
College, one of the pioneering institutions that ushers in the Bengali renaissance. ·
Annual British iron production reaches 3
million tons. ·
In Munich the Feldherrnhalle is completed. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 7 – Bernadette Soubirous,
French visionary from Lourdes (d. 1879) ·
January 9 – Julián Gayarre,
Spanish opera singer (d. 1890) ·
February 17 – Aaron Montgomery
Ward, American department store founder (d. 1913) ·
Joshua Slocum, Canadian-American seaman,
adventurer (d. 1909) ·
Ludwig Boltzmann, Austrian physicist
(d. 1906) ·
February 14 – Robert Themptander,
4th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1897) ·
February 21 – Charles-Marie Widor,
French organist, composer (d. 1937) ·
February 26 – Horace Harmon Lurton, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1914) ·
February 28 – French Ensor
Chadwick, American admiral (d. 1919) ·
March 10 – Pablo de Sarasate,
Spanish violinist (d. 1908) ·
March 18 – Nikolai
Rimsky-Korsakov, Russian composer (d. 1908) ·
March 25 – Adolf Engler, German botanist (d. 1930) ·
March 30 – Paul Verlaine, French poet (d. 1896) ·
April 1 – Nikolai Skrydlov, Russian admiral (d. 1918) ·
April 13 – John Surratt, suspect in the Abraham
Lincoln assassination, son of Mary Surratt (d. 1916) ·
April 16 – Anatole France, French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1924) ·
April 22 – Lewis Powell,
attempted assassin of United
States Secretary of State William H. Seward,
conspirator with John Wilkes Booth (d. 1865) ·
April 26 – Lizardo García,
17th President of Ecuador (d. 1937) ·
April 28 – Katarina Milovuk, Serbian educator, women's
rights activist (d. 1909) ·
May 3 ·
Édouard Drumont,
French journalist, writer (b. 1917) ·
Kuroki Tamemoto, Japanese general (d. 1923) ·
May 14 – Alexander Kaulbars,
Russian general, explorer (d. 1925) ·
May 17 – Julius Wellhausen,
German biblical scholar (d. 1918) ·
May 19 – William M. Folger,
American admiral (d. 1928) ·
May 21 – Henri Rousseau, French artist (d. 1910) ·
May 22 – Mary Cassatt, American artist (d. 1926) ·
May 23 – `Abdu'l-Bahá,
Persian Bahá'í religious leader (d. 1921) ·
June 3 – Garret Hobart, 24th Vice
President of the United States (d. 1899) ·
June 28 – John Boyle O'Reilly,
Irish-born poet, journalist and fiction writer (d. 1890)
July–December[edit]
·
July 9 – Charles D. Barney,
American stockbroker (d. 1945) ·
July 11 – King Peter I of Serbia (d. 1921) ·
July 22 – William
Archibald Spooner, British scholar, Anglican priest (d. 1930) ·
July 25 – Thomas Eakins, American painter, sculptor
(d. 1916) ·
July 28 – Gerard Manley
Hopkins, English poet (d. 1889) ·
July 30 – Robert Jones
Burdette, American minister, sentimental humorist (d. 1914) ·
August 5 ·
Ilya Repin, Russian painter, sculptor
(d. 1930) ·
Philip H. Cooper, American admiral (d. 1912) ·
August 6 – Alfred,
Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (d. 1900) ·
August 17 – Menelik II, Emperor of Ethiopia (d. 1913) ·
August 20 – Mutsu Munemitsu, Japanese statesman,
diplomat (d. 1897) ·
August 22 – George Washington DeLong, American naval
officer, explorer (d. 1881) ·
August 23 – Hamilton Disston, American land developer
(d. 1896) ·
August 24 – Charles B. Clark, American politician,
entrepreneur (d. 1891) ·
August 29 – Edward Carpenter, English Socialist poet
(d. 1929) ·
August 30 – Emily Ruete, princess of Zanzibar (d. 1924) ·
September 7 – Charles
Romley Alder Wright, British chemist (d. 1894) ·
September 13 – Ludwig von
Falkenhausen, German general (d. 1936) ·
September 16 – Claude-Paul Taffanel,
French flutist, composer (d. 1908) ·
September 20 – William H.
Illingworth, American photographer (d. 1893) ·
September 24 – Max Noether, German mathematician (d. 1921) ·
September 28 – Robert Stout, 2-time Prime Minister of New
Zealand (d. 1930) ·
September 29 – Miguel Ángel
Juárez Celman, President of Argentina (d. 1909) ·
October 5 – Francis William
Reitz, 5th State President of the Orange Free State (d. 1934) ·
October 11 – Henry J. Heinz, American businessman
(d. 1919) ·
October 15 – Friedrich Nietzsche,
German philosopher (d. 1900) ·
October 16 – Ismail Qemali, Albanian civil servant,
politician, 1st Prime Minister of Albania (d. 1919) ·
October 22 – Louis Riel, Canadian-American leader
(d. 1885) ·
Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930) ·
Sarah Bernhardt, French actress (d. 1923) ·
October 24 – Karl Lueger, Vienna, Austria's mayor
(d. 1910) ·
October 27 – Klas Pontus
Arnoldson, Swedish writer, pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1916) ·
November 2 – Mehmed V, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1918) ·
November 10 – Henry Eyster Jacobs,
American Lutheran theologian (d. 1932) ·
November 11 – Marcelino Crisologo,
Filipino politician, playwright, writer and poet (d. 1927) ·
November 13 – Andrew Harper, Scottish-Australian biblical
scholar, teacher (d. 1936) ·
November 25 – Karl Benz, German automotive pioneer
(d. 1929) ·
December 1 – Alexandra of Denmark,
queen of Edward VII of
England (d. 1925) ·
December 8 – Émile Reynaud, French science teacher,
animation pioneer (d. 1918) ·
December 18 – Takashima Tomonosuke,
Japanese general (d. 1916) Date unknown[edit] ·
probable – Abdur Rahman Khan,
Emir of Kabul, Emir of Kandahar, Emir of Afghanistan (d. 1901) ·
Varvara Rudneva, Russian physician (d. 1899) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 25 – Jean-Baptiste
Drouet, Comte d'Erlon, French marshal (b. 1765) ·
January 27 – Charles Nodier, French writer (b. 1780) ·
January 29 – Ernest
I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (b. 1784) ·
February 15 – Henry
Addington, 1st Viscount Sidmouth, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1757) ·
February 27 – Nicholas Biddle,
president of the Second Bank of the United States (b. 1786) ·
March – Carlota,
Cuban slave rebel leader ·
March 8 – King Charles XIV
John of Sweden, Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte, French Napoleonic
general (b. 1763) ·
March 20 – Claude Pierre Pajol,
French military leader (b. 1772) ·
April 3 – Edward Bigge, English cleric, 1st Archdeacon of
Lindisfarne (b. 1807) ·
April 13 – Mamiya Rinzō, Japanese explorer
of Sakhalin (b. 1775) ·
April 17 – James Scarlett
Abinger, English judge (b. 1769) ·
May 18 – Richard
McCarty, American politician (b. 1780) ·
June 13 – Thomas Charles Hope,
Scottish chemist, discoverer of strontium (b. 1766) ·
June 15 – Thomas Campbell,
Scottish poet (b. 1777) ·
June 27 ·
Hyrum Smith, American Latter Day Saint leader (b. 1800) ·
Joseph Smith, American founder of the Latter Day
Saint movement (b. 1805) July–December[edit]
·
July 11 – Yevgeny Baratynsky,
Russian poet, philosopher (b. 1800) ·
July 27 – John Dalton, English chemist, physicist
(b. 1766) ·
July 28 – Joseph Bonaparte, brother of Napoleon I, King of Naples and Spain
(b. 1768) ·
July 29 – Franz Xaver
Wolfgang Mozart, Austrian composer (b. 1791) ·
November 14 – Flora Tristan, French feminist (b. 1803) ·
November 29 – Princess
Sophia of Gloucester (b. 1773) ·
December 2 – Eustachy Erazm
Sanguszko, Polish military leader (b. 1768) ·
December 14 – Melchor Múzquiz,
5th President of Mexico (b. 1790) ·
December 24 – Friedrich
Bernhard Westphal, Danish-German painter (b. 1803) Date unknown[edit] ·
Ching Shih, Chinese pirate (b. 1775) ·
Robert Taylor,
British Radical writer, freethought advocate (b. 1784) References[edit] 1. ^ Robert Chambers, The Book
of Days: A Miscellany of Popular Antiquities in Connection with the Calendar,
Including Anecdote, Biography & History, Curiosities of Literature, and
Oddities of Human Life and Character (W. & R. Chambers, 1888)
p466 3. ^ "Beliefs: The Official Site of the Seventh-day
Adventist world church". Adventist.org. Retrieved 2015-11-16. 4. ^ Shoghi, Effendi (1944). God Passes By. Wilmette, Illinois, USA:
Bahá'í Publishing Trust. p. 58. ISBN 0-87743-020-9. Archived from the original on March 10,
2012. Retrieved 2012-03-06. 5. ^ Magyar Közlöny - A MAGYAR KÖZTÁRSASÁG HIVATALOS LAPJA
29 September, 2011 ·
1844 |
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