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1851 (MDCCCLI) was
a common year starting
on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1851st year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
851st year of the 2nd millennium,
the 51st year of the 19th century,
and the 2nd year of the 1850s decade. As of
the start of 1851, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 4Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 11 – Hong Xiuquan officially begins
the Taiping Rebellion. ·
January 15 – Christian Female College,
modern-day Columbia
College, receives its charter from the Missouri
General Assembly. ·
January 23 – The flip of a coin,
subsequently named Portland Penny,
determines whether a new city in the Oregon Territory is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. ·
January 28 – Northwestern
University is founded in Illinois. ·
February 6 – Black Thursday in
Australia: Bushfires sweep
across the state of Victoria,
burning about a quarter of its area. ·
February 12 – Edward Hargraves claims to have
found gold in Australia. ·
February 15 – In Boston,
Massachusetts, members of the anti-slavery Boston
Vigilance Committee rescue fugitive slave Shadrach Minkins from a courtroom,
following his arrest by U.S. marshals. ·
March 1 – Victor Hugo uses the phrase United States of
Europe, in a speech to the French National Assembly. ·
March 11 – Giuseppe Verdi's opera Rigoletto is first performed
at La Fenice in Venice. ·
March 27 – The first European men
reportedly see Yosemite Valley. ·
March 30 – A population
census is taken in the United Kingdom. The population reaches
21 million. 6.3 million live in cities of 20,000 or more in England and
Wales, and cities of 20,000 or more account for 35% of the total English
population. April–June[edit] ·
April 9 – San Luis,
the oldest permanent settlement in the state of Colorado, is founded by settlers from Taos, New Mexico. ·
April 20 – Ramón Castilla loses
power in Peru. ·
April 21 – John Stuart Mill marries Harriet Taylor. ·
April 23 – Anne Darwin, daugher of Charles Darwin dies, sending him into a
great depression. ·
April 28 – Santa Clara College is
chartered in Santa Clara,
California. ·
May 1 – The Great Exhibition of
the Works of Industry of All Nations in the Crystal Palace, Hyde Park,
London is opened by Queen Victoria (it runs until October 18). May 1: Great Exhibition in London. ·
May 15 – The first Australian gold
rush is proclaimed, although the discovery had been made
three months earlier.
·
Alpha Delta Pi Sorority, the first
secret society for women, is founded at Wesleyan College in Macon, Georgia(U.S.) ·
Mongkut (Rama IV) is crowned King
of Siam, at
the Grand Palace in Bangkok. ·
Mid-May to
mid-July – Great Flood of 1851: Extensive flooding sweeps
across the Midwestern
United States. The town of Des Moines is virtually washed away,
and many rainfall records hold for 160 years. ·
June 21 – The Immortal Game, a famous chess match, is played between Adolf Anderssen and Lionel Kieseritzky,
during a break in the first
international tournament, held in London. July–September[edit] ·
July 1 ·
The
Colony of Victoria separates
from New South Wales. ·
Serial
poisoner Hélène Jégado is
arrested in Rennes, France. ·
July 10 – The University
of the Pacific is chartered as California Wesleyan College,
in Santa Clara,
California. ·
July 28 – Total eclipse visible in Canada, Greenland, Iceland and Northern Europe. First solar eclipse photographed. ·
July 29 – Annibale de Gasparis,
in Naples, Italy discovers asteroid 15 Eunomia. ·
August 1 – Virginia closes its Reform
Constitutional Convention, deciding that all white men have the right to
vote. ·
August 12 – Issac Singer was granted a patent for
his sewing machine. ·
August 22 – The yacht America wins the first America's Cup race, off the coast of
England.
·
September 15 – Saint Joseph's
University is founded in Philadelphia. ·
September 18 – The New York Times is
founded.
September 18: The New York Times is
founded. ·
September 30 – The HSwMS Eugenie leaves
from Karlskrona, Sweden to begin its voyage, as the
first Swedish Royal Navy vessel
to circumnavigate the world. October–December[edit] ·
October – The Reuters news service is founded. ·
The
City of Winona, Minnesota is
founded. ·
The
Great Exhibition in London is closed. ·
October 24 – Ariel and Umbriel, moons of Uranus, are discovered by William Lassell. ·
The Denny Party lands at Alki Point, the first settlers of what later
becomes Seattle. ·
The
first protected submarine
telegraph cable is laid, across the English Channel. ·
November 14 – Herman Melville's novel Moby-Dick; or The Whale is
published in the U.S. by Harper &
Brothers, New York, after being first published on October 18 in London, by Richard
Bentley, in three volumes as The Whale. ·
November 26–27 – Bombardment of Salé, Morocco: French naval forces bombard the
city, in retaliation for looting of a French cargo ship. ·
December 2 – French coup of 1851:
In what amounts to a coup, President Louis Napoleon of France dissolves
the French National
Assembly, and declares a new constitution to extend his
term. A year later he declares himself as
Emperor Napoleon III,
ending the Second Republic. ·
December 6 – The trial of Hélène Jégado begins;
she is eventually sentenced to death and executed by guillotine. ·
December 9 – The first YMCA in
North America is established in Montreal. ·
December 22 – India's first freight
train is operated in Roorkee, India. ·
December 24 – The Library of Congress in
Washington, D.C., burns. ·
December 26–27 – A Royal Navy warship bombards Lagos Island; Oba Kosoko is wounded, and flees to Epe. ·
December 29 – The first American YMCA opens
in Boston, Massachusetts. ·
December 31 – 1851 Chilean
Revolution – Battle of Loncomilla:
The rebels are defeated, ending the revolution. Date unknown[edit] ·
St. Paul's
College, Hong Kong is founded. ·
Western Union is founded, as the New
York and Mississippi Valley Printing Telegraph Company. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
Rose Coghlan, 1870s ·
January 16 – William Hall-Jones,
English-New Zealand politician, 16th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936) ·
January 17 – A. B. Frost, American illustrator (d. 1928) ·
David Starr Jordan,
American ichthyologist, educator, eugenicist, and peace activist (d. 1931) ·
Jacobus Kapteyn, Dutch astronomer (d. 1922) ·
February 2 – Ella Giles Ruddy, American author and
essayist (d. 1917) ·
February 13 – Joseph B. Murdock,
United States Navy admiral, New Hampshire politician (d. 1931) ·
February 15 – Antero Rubín, Spanish general, politician
(d. 1935) ·
February 23 – Frederick Warde, English actor (d. 1935) ·
March 14 – John Sebastian
Little, American politician, congressman (d. 1916) ·
March 18 ·
Rose Coghlan, English actress (d. 1932) ·
Julien Dupré, French artist (d. 1910) ·
March 19 ·
Pierre Ruffey, French general (d. 1928) ·
William Henry Stark,
American business leader (d. 1936) ·
March 27 – Vincent d'Indy, French composer, teacher
(d. 1931) ·
March 28 – Bernardino Machado,
Portuguese President (d. 1944) ·
March 31 – Francis
Bell, 20th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1936) ·
April 1 – Bruno von Mudra, German general (d. 1931) ·
April 4 – James
Campbell, 1st Baron Glenavy, Irish lawyer, politician (d. 1931) ·
April 6 – Guillaume Bigourdan,
French astronomer (d. 1932) ·
April 13 ·
Robert Abbe, American surgeon (d. 1928) ·
Helen M. Winslow, American editor, author,
and publisher (d. 1938) ·
April 15 – Auguste Dubail, French general (d. 1934) ·
April 17 – Madre Teresa Nuzzo,
Maltese nun, foundress of the Daughters of the Sacred Heart (d. 1923) ·
April 20 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (d. 1875) ·
April 21 – Charles Barrois, French geologist (d. 1939) ·
May 6 – Aristide Bruant, French cabaret singer,
comedian (d. 1925) ·
May 7 – Adolf von Harnack,
German Lutheran theologian, church historian (d. 1930) ·
May 14 – Anna Laurens Dawes,
American author, suffragist (d. 1938) ·
May 15 – Lillian
Resler Keister Harford, American church organizer, editor
(d. 1935)
·
May 20 – Emile Berliner, German-born American
telephone and recording pioneer (d. 1929) ·
May 21 – Léon Bourgeois,
French statesman, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1925) ·
June 7 – Ture Malmgren, Swedish journalist,
politician (d. 1922) ·
June 12 – Sir Oliver Lodge, British physicist (d. 1940) ·
June 13 – Anton Haus, Austro-Hungarian admiral
(d. 1917) ·
June 16 – Georg Jelinek, German legal
philosopher (d. 1911) ·
June 21 – Frederick
Green (footballer), English Footballer (d. 1928) July–December[edit]
·
July 5 – Hannibal di Francia,
Italian priest, saint (d.1927) ·
July 8 – Arthur Evans, British archaeologist (d. 1941) ·
July 15 – Eduardo Gutiérrez,
Argentinian author (d. 1889) ·
July 20 – Arnold Pick, Czechoslovakian neurologist,
psychiatrist (d. 1924) ·
July 24 – Friedrich Schottky,
German mathematician (d. 1935) ·
August 14 – Doc Holliday, American gambler, gunfighter
(d. 1887) ·
September 1 – Carl Kellner
(mystic), German mystic (d. 1905) ·
September 7 – David King Udall, American politician
(d. 1938) ·
September 13 – Walter Reed, American army physician,
bacteriologist (d. 1902) ·
September 14 – H. E. Beunke, Dutch writer (d. 1925) ·
September 16 – Eduard Reuss, German composer, music
biographer (d. 1911) ·
September 21 – Arthur Schuster, German-British physicist
(d. 1934) ·
September 29 – Hardwicke Rawnsley,
English clergyman, poet, writer of hymns and conservationist (d. 1920) ·
October 2 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of Allied
forces in World War I (d. 1929) ·
October 5 – Thomas Pollock
Anshutz, American painter, educator (d. 1912) ·
October 13 – Knut Beckeman, Swedish architect ·
October 20 – George Gandy, American entrepreneur
(d. 1946) ·
November 5 – Charles Dupuy, 3-time Prime Minister of
France (d. 1923) ·
Richard Armstedt, German historian (d. 1931) ·
José Maria
de Yermo y Parres, Mexican Roman Catholic priest and saint
(d. 1904) ·
November 16 – William Elbridge
Sewell, American naval officer, Governor of Guam (d. 1904) ·
November 24 – John Indermaur, British lawyer (d. 1925) ·
November 27 – Friedrich Sixt
von Armin, German general (d. 1936) ·
December 10 – Melvil Dewey, American librarian, inventor
of Dewey
Decimal Classification (d. 1931) ·
December 20 – Dora Montefiore, English suffragist,
socialist (d. 1933) ·
December 24 – Noël Édouard, vicomte de Curières de Castelnau,
French general (d. 1944) ·
December 30 – Asa Griggs Candler,
American businessman, politician (d. 1929) Date unknown[edit] ·
Stefania Wolicka, Polish historian Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 10 – Karl Freiherr
von Müffling, Prussian field marshal (b. 1775) ·
January 19 – Esteban Echeverría,
Argentine poet, writer (b. 1805) ·
January 21 – Albert Lortzing, German composer (b. 1801) ·
January 23 – Archibald
Primrose, Lord Dalmeny, Scottish politician (b. 1809) ·
January 27 – John James Audubon,
French-American naturalist, illustrator (b. 1785) ·
January 31 – David Spangler
Kaufman, Congressman from Texas (b. 1813) ·
February 1 – Mary Shelley, English author (b. 1797) ·
February 3 – Benjamin
Williams Crowninshield, Congressman from Massachusetts, secretary
of U.S. Navy (b. 1772) ·
February 18 – Carl Gustav
Jacob Jacobi, German mathematician (b. 1804) ·
February 23 – Joanna Baillie, Scottish poet, dramatist
(b. 1762) ·
February 28 – Guillaume
Dode de la Brunerie, Marshal of France (b. 1775) ·
March 9 – Hans Christian
Ørsted, Danish scientist (b. 1777) ·
April 25 – Mor Sæther, Norwegian herbalist (b. 1793) ·
May 13 – Princess
Augusta of Bavaria, Duchess of Leuchtenberg (b. 1788) ·
May 14 – Manuel Gómez Pedraza,
6th President of Mexico (b. 1789) ·
May 22 – Mordecai Manuel Noah,
American writer, journalist (b. 1785) ·
June 10 – Robert
Dundas, 2nd Viscount Melville, British politician (b. 1771) July–December[edit]
·
July 10 – Louis Daguerre, French artist, chemist
(b. 1787) ·
July 17 – Roger Sheaffe,
British general (b. 1763) ·
August 8 – James Broadwood, English piano manufacturer
(b. 1772) ·
August 24 – James McDowell, American politician
(b. 1795) ·
September 10 – Thomas Hopkins
Gallaudet, American educator (b. 1787) ·
September 11 – Sylvester Graham, American nutritionist,
inventor (b. 1794) ·
September 14 – James Fenimore Cooper,
American writer (b. 1789) ·
October 4 – Manuel Godoy, Spanish statesman (b. 1767) ·
October 19 – Madame Royale Marie Thérèse of
France (b. 1778) ·
October 25 – Giorgio Pullicino,
Maltese painter, and architect (b. 1779) ·
October 31 – Petar II
Petrović-Njegoš, Montenegrin statesman, religious leader and
poet (b. 1813) ·
November 26 – Jean-de-Dieu Soult,
French marshal, politician (b. 1769) ·
J. M. W. Turner, English artist (b. 1775) ·
Karl Drais, German inventor (b. 1785) Date unknown[edit] ·
John Brown Russwurm,
American abolitionist (b. 1799) ·
Gustafva Lindskog,
Swedish athlete (b. 1794) |
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