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1852 (MDCCCLII) was
a leap year starting
on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1852nd year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
852nd year of the 2nd millennium,
the 52nd year of the 19th century,
and the 3rd year of the 1850s decade. As of
the start of 1852, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] The world in 1852 January–March[edit] ·
January 14 – President Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte proclaims
a new
constitution for the French Second
Republic. ·
January 15 – Nine men representing
various Jewish charitable
organizations come together, to form what will become Mount
Sinai Hospital in New York City. ·
January 17 – The United Kingdom
recognizes the independence of the Transvaal. ·
February 3 – Battle of Caseros, Argentina: The Argentine provinces of Entre Rios and Corrientes, allied with Braziland members of Colorado Party of
Uruguay, defeat Buenos Aires troops under Juan Manuel de Rosas. ·
February 11 – The first British public
toilet for women opens in Bedford Street, London. ·
February 14 – The Great Ormond
Street Hospital for Sick Children, London, admits its first
patient. ·
February 16 – The Studebaker Brothers Wagon Company,
precursor of the automobile manufacturer, is established in South Bend, Indiana. ·
February 25 – HMS Birkenhead sinks
near Cape Town, British Cape Colony.
Only 193 of the 643 on board survive, after troops stand firm on the deck, so
as not to overwhelm the lifeboats containing
women and children. ·
March 1 – Archibald
Montgomerie, 13th Earl of Eglinton is appointed Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland. ·
March 2 – The first American
experimental steam fire engine is
tested.[1] ·
March 4 – Phi Mu sorority is founded in Macon,
Georgia. ·
March 17 – Annibale De Gasparis discovers
in Naples the asteroid Psyche from the north dome of the Astronomical
Observatory of Capodimonte. ·
March 20 – Uncle Tom's Cabin,
by Harriet Beecher
Stowe, is published in book form in Boston. April–June[edit] ·
April 1 – The Second
Anglo-Burmese War begins. ·
April 18 – Taiping Rebellion:
Taiping forces begin the siege of Guilin. ·
May 19 – Taiping Rebellion:
The siege of Guilin is lifted. ·
June 12 – Taiping Rebellion:
Taiping forces enter Hunan. July–September[edit] ·
July 1 – American statesman Henry Clay is the first to receive the
honor of lying in state,
in the United
States Capitol rotunda. ·
July 5 – Frederick Douglass delivers
his famous speech, "What
to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?", in Rochester, New York. ·
July 28 – Henry Clay steamboat disaster in Riverdale, Bronx, claims several lives,
including Stephen Allen. ·
August 3 – The first American
intercollegiate athletic event, the Boat Race between Yale and Harvard, is
held. ·
September 11 – Revolution
of 11 September 1852 in Argentina: Buenos Aires
Province declares independence. ·
September 19 – Annibale de Gasparis discovers
the asteroid Massalia from
the north dome of the Astronomical
Observatory of Capodimonte in Naples. ·
September 24 – French engineer Henri Giffard makes the first airship trip, from Paris to Trappes. October–December[edit] ·
October 7 – After learning that U.S.
President Fillmore has sent Commodore Matthew C. Perry, to open trade with
Japan, Nicholas I of Russia sends
Rear Admiral Yevfimy Putyatin to
lead the Pallada on a similar mission (Putyatin arrives
on August 21, 1853,
one month after Perry).[2] ·
October 16 – After nearly five years'
imprisonment in France, former Algerian Emir Abdelkader El Djezairi is
released by orders of then-president Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte.[3] ·
October 23 – The conjecture of
the four color theorem is
first proposed, as student Francis Guthrie of University
College London presents the question of proving,
mathematically, that no more than four colors are needed to give separate
colors to bordering shapes on a map (the theorem is not proven for almost 123
years, until 1976).[4] ·
October 31 – General Joaquin Solares
of Guatemala leads an invasion of
neighboring Honduras, beginning a
war that lasts until February 13, 1856.[5] ·
November – Leo Tolstoy's debut novel Childhood is
published under the initials L. N., in this month's issue of the Saint
Petersburg literary journal Sovremennik (and later in book
form). ·
November 2 – U.S.
presidential election, 1852: Democrat Franklin Pierce of New Hampshire defeats Whig Winfield Scott of Virginia. ·
November 4 – Camillo
Benso, Count of Cavour becomes the Piedmontese prime minister. ·
November 11 – The new Palace of
Westminster opens in London. ·
November 21–22 – The New French Empire is confirmed
by plebiscite:
7,824,000 for, 253,000 against. ·
November 23 – The first roadside pillar boxes in the British Isles are
brought into public use in Saint Helier, on Jerseyin the Channel Islands, at the suggestion of
English novelist Anthony Trollope,
at this time an official of the British General Post Office.[6] ·
December – The Western
Railroad is chartered to build a railroad from Fayetteville, North Carolina to the coal fields
of Egypt,
North Carolina.[7] ·
December 2 – Napoleon III becomes Emperor of the
French. ·
December 4 – The French capture Laghouat. ·
December 23 – Taiping Rebellion:
The Taiping army takes Hanyang and begins the siege of Wuchang. ·
December 29 – Taiping Rebellion:
The Taiping army takes Hankou. Date unknown[edit] ·
The Devil's Island penal colony opens in
the colony of French Guiana. ·
The semaphore line in France is superseded
by the telegraph. ·
Smith & Wesson is founded as a
firearms manufacturer in the United States. ·
In Hawaii, sugar planters bring over the first
Chinese laborers on 3 or 5 year contracts, giving them 3 dollars per month
plus room and board for working a 12-hour day, 6 days a week. ·
Germans
are encouraged to immigrate to Chile. ·
The
British Inman Line is
the first to offer United States-bound migrants steerage passage in a
steamer, SS City of
Glasgow. ·
Loyola College is
chartered in Baltimore, Maryland. ·
Antioch College is founded in Yellow Springs, Ohio (its
first president is Horace Mann). ·
Mills College is founded as the Young
Ladies Seminary in Benicia, California. ·
The
French Catholic De La Salle Brothers arrive
from Europe in Singapore,
aboard La Julie, and sail up to Penang in the Straits Settlements,
to found the first Lasallian
educational institutions in Asia. ·
Justin Perkins, an American Presbyterian missionary, produces the
first translation of the Bible in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic,
which is published with the parallel text of the Syriac Peshitta, by the American Bible Society. ·
The Spectacled cormorant became
extinct around this date. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 8 – James Milton Carroll,
American Baptist pastor, leader, historian and author (d. 1931) ·
Elnora Monroe
Babcock, American suffragist (d. 1934) ·
Constantin
Fehrenbach, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1926) ·
January 18 – Augustin Boué
de Lapeyrère, French admiral (d. 1924) ·
January 20 – José Guadalupe
Posada, Mexican political engraver and printmaker (d. 1913) ·
January 26 – Pierre
Savorgnan de Brazza, Italian-born explorer of Africa (d. 1905) ·
February 5 – Terauchi Masatake,
9th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1919) ·
February 16 – Charles Taze Russell (Pastor
Russell), American Protestant reformer, evangelist, forerunner of Jehovah's Witnesses (d. 1916) ·
John Harvey Kellogg,
American Adventist doctor and health reformer (d. 1943) ·
Felix von Winiwarter,
Austrian physician (d. 1931) ·
February 29 – Frederic, a protagonist
in Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta The Pirates of
Penzance (date of death unknown) ·
March 1 – Théophile Delcassé,
French statesman (d. 1923) ·
March 17 – Cora Linn Daniels,
American author (unknown year of death) ·
April 1 – Edwin Austin Abbey,
American painter (d. 1911) ·
April 13 – F. W. Woolworth, American merchant,
businessman (d. 1919) ·
April 22 – William
IV, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (d. 1912) ·
May 1 – Santiago Ramón y
Cajal, Spanish histologist, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1934) ·
May 4 – Alice Pleasance
Liddell, inspiration for the English children's classic Alice's
Adventures in Wonderland by Lewis Carroll (d. 1934) ·
May 11 – Charles W. Fairbanks, 26th Vice
President of the United States (d. 1918) ·
May 14 ·
Émile Fayolle, French general (d. 1928) ·
Alton B. Parker, American judge, Democratic
political candidate (d. 1926) ·
May 31 – Julius Richard Petri,
German bacteriologist (d. 1921) ·
June 13 – Anna Whitlock, Swedish women's right
activist (d. 1930) ·
June 22 – Mary Canfield
Ballard, American poet and hymnwriter (d. 1927) ·
June 25 ·
Antoni Gaudí, Spanish modernist architect
(d. 1926) ·
Friedrich Loeffler,
German bacteriologist (d. 1915) ·
June 30 – Karl Petrovich
Jessen, Russian admiral (d. 1918) July–December[edit]
·
July 12 – Hipólito Yrigoyen, President of
Argentina (d. 1933) ·
July 20 ·
Theo Heemskerk, Prime Minister of the
Netherlands (d. 1932) ·
Maria Brace Kimball,
American elocutionist (d. 1933) ·
July 31 – Charles Lanrezac, French general (d. 1925) ·
August 4 – Catharine van
Tussenbroek, Dutch physician (d. 1925) ·
August 23 – Clímaco Calderón, President of
Colombia (d. 1913) ·
August 30 – Jacobus
Henricus van 't Hoff, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1911) ·
September 6 – Schalk Willem Burger,
Boer military leader, lawyer, politician, and statesman, acting President
of the South African Republic (1900-1902) (d. 1918) ·
September 8 – Gojong, 26th king of the Korean Joseon
dynasty, first emperor of Korea (d. 1919) ·
September 10 – Hans Niels Andersen,
Danish businessman, founder of the East Asiatic Company (d. 1937) ·
September 12 – H. H. Asquith, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1928) ·
September 15 – Edward Bouchet, American physicist (d. 1918) ·
John
French, 1st Earl of Ypres, British field marshal, commander of the
British Expeditionary Force in World War I (d. 1925) ·
Henri Moissan, French chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1907) ·
September 30 – Charles
Villiers Stanford, Irish composer, resident in England (d. 1924) ·
October 2 – William Ramsay, Scottish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1916) ·
October 9 – Hermann Emil Fischer,
German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1919) ·
October 16 – Carl von In der Maur,
Governor of Liechtenstein (d. 1913) ·
October 17 – George
Egerton, British admiral (d. 1940) ·
October 25 – Byron Andrews, American journalist,
statesman, author, and businessman (d. 1910) ·
November 1 – Eugene W. Chafin, American politician
(d. 1920) ·
November 3 – Prince Mutsuhito of Japan,
the future Emperor Meiji (d. 1912) ·
November 7 – Johan Ramstedt, 9th Prime Minister of Sweden
(d. 1935) ·
November 8 – Eva Kinney Griffith,
American activist and writer (d. 1918) ·
November 11 – Franz Conrad
von Hötzendorf, Austro-Hungarian field marshal (d. 1925) ·
November 15 – Ella Maria Ballou,
American writer (d. 1937) ·
November 22 – Paul-Henri-Benjamin d'Estournelles de Constant,
French diplomat, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1924) ·
November 26 – Yamamoto
Gonnohyōe, 16th and 22nd Prime Minister of
Japan, admiral in the Imperial Japanese
Navy (d. 1933) ·
Henri Becquerel, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1908) ·
Reginald F.
Nicholson, United States Navy admiral (d. 1939) ·
December 19 – Albert Abraham
Michelson, German-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1931) ·
December 21 – George Callaghan, British admiral (d. 1920) Date unknown[edit] ·
Emma Eliza Bower, American physician,
club-woman, and newspaperwoman (d. 1937) ·
Liu Buchan, Chinese admiral (d. 1895) ·
Gef,
supposed Indian-born Manx talking mongoose (presumed hoax of 1930s) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 1 – John George Children,
British chemist, mineralogist and zoologist (b. 1777) ·
January 6 – Louis Braille, French teacher of the blind,
inventor of braille (b. 1809) ·
February 10 – Samuel Prout, English watercolour painter
(b. 1783)[8] ·
March 4 – Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (b. 1809) ·
April 17 – Étienne Maurice
Gérard, Marshal and Prime Minister
of France (b. 1773) ·
May 3 ·
Sara Coleridge, English author, translator
(b. 1802) ·
Amelia B. Coppuck
Welby, American fugitive poet (b. 1819) ·
May 15 – Louisa Adams, First
Lady of the United States (b. 1775) ·
June 7 – José Joaquín
Estudillo, second Mexican alcalde of Yerba Buena (b. 1800) ·
June 21 – Friedrich Fröbel,
German pedagogue (b. 1782) ·
June 29 – Henry Clay, American statesman (b. 1777) July–December[edit]
·
July 20 – José Antonio
Estudillo, early California settler (b. 1805) ·
July 22 – Auguste de Marmont,
French marshal (b. 1774) ·
August – Táhirih, Iranian Baha'i theologian, poet and
feminist (b. 1814) ·
August 14 – Margaret Taylor, First
Lady of the United States (b. 1788) ·
August 24 – Sarah Guppy, English inventor (b. 1770) ·
September 4 – William MacGillivray,
Scottish naturalist, ornithologist (b. 1796) ·
September 8 – Anna Maria Walker,
Scottish botanist (b. 1778) ·
Augustus Pugin, English architect (b. 1812) ·
Arthur
Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, British general, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1769) ·
September 20 – Philander Chase, American founder of Kenyon
College (b. 1775) ·
October 7 – Sir
Edward Troubridge, 2nd Baronet, British admiral (b. ca. 1787) ·
October 13 – John Lloyd Stephens,
American traveler, diplomat and Mayanist archaeologist (b. 1805) ·
October 15 – Friedrich Ludwig
Jahn, German gymnastics educator (b. 1778) ·
October 24 – Daniel Webster, American statesman (b. 1782) ·
October 25 – John C. Clark, American politician (b. 1793) ·
October 26 – Vincenzo Gioberti,
Italian philosopher (b. 1801) ·
November 2 – Pyotr Kotlyarevsky,
Russian military hero (b. 1782) ·
November 10 – Gideon Mantell, English geologist,
palaeontologist (b. 1790) ·
November 17 – Adam
Karl August von Eschenmayer, German philosopher (b. 1768) ·
November 18 – John Andrew Shulze,
American politician (b. 1775) ·
November 27 – Augusta Ada King (née Byron), Countess of Lovelace,
early English computer pioneer (b. 1815) ·
November 29 – Nicolae
Bălcescu, Wallachian revolutionary (b. 1819) ·
November 30 – Junius Brutus Booth,
English-born stage actor, father of Edwin Booth and John Wilkes Booth (b. 1796) ·
December 16 – Andries Hendrik
Potgieter, Voortrekker leader (b. 1792) ·
date
unknown – Joanna Żubr, Polish soldier (b. 1770) References[edit] 1.
^ King, William T. (1896). History of the American
Steam Fire-Engine. 2.
^ Kimura, Hiroshi (2008). The Kurillian Knot: A
History of Japanese-Russian Border Negotiations. California: Stanford
University Press. p. 23. 3.
^ Chateaux of the Loire. Casa Editrice Bonechi. 2007.
p. 10. 4.
^ MacKenzie, Donald (2004). Mechanizing Proof:
Computing, Risk, and Trust. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. p. 103. 5.
^ Scheina, Robert L. (2003). Latin America’s
Wars. I. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 1849. 6.
^ Farrugia, Jean Young (1969). The Letter Box: A
History of Post Office Pillar and Wall boxes. Fontwell: Centaur Press.
p. 27. ISBN 0-90000014-7. 7.
^ CommunicationSolutions/ISI, "Railroad — Western
Railroad Company", North Carolina Business History,
2006, accessed 1 Feb 2010. 8.
^ "Samuel Prout (1783-1852)". artuk.org.
Retrieved 3 January 2017. Further reading[edit] ·
The Annual Register of World Events: A Review of the Year.
London: Longman, Green. 1853. highly detailed coverage of events of 1852 in British
Empire and worldwide. |
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