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1863 (MDCCCLXIII) was
a common year starting
on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1863rd year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
863rd year of the 2nd millennium,
the 63rd year of the 19th century,
and the 4th year of the 1860s decade. As of
the start of 1863, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January 8: First
Transcontinental Railroad January–March ·
Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation
Proclamation during the third year of the American Civil War,
making the abolition of slavery in the
Confederate states an official war goal. It proclaims the freedom of 3.1
million of the nation's four million slaves and immediately frees 50,000 of
them, with the rest freed as Union armies advance.[1] ·
The
first claim under the Homestead Act is made, for a farm
in Nebraska. ·
January 3 – Harper's Weekly post dated
publication of Thomas Nast's
first drawing of the modern Santa Claus(although Santa existed
previously). The edition was published and distributed a fortnight earlier. ·
January 4 – The New Apostolic Church,
a Christian and chiliastic church,
is established in Hamburg, Germany. ·
January 7 – In the Swiss canton Ticino, the village of Bedretto is partly destroyed and 29
killed, by an avalanche.[2] ·
Ground
is broken in Sacramento,
California, on the construction of the First
Transcontinental Railroad in the United States. ·
The Yorkshire
County Cricket Club is founded at the Adelphi Hotel,
in Sheffield, England. Jan.11: Battle of
Arkansas Post. ·
Second
Battle of Springfield ·
January 10 – The first section of
the London Underground Railway
(Paddington to Farringdon Street)
opens officially.[3] ·
American
Civil War – Battle of
Arkansas Post: General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture
the Arkansas River for
the Union. ·
In
the Swiss Canton Ticino, the roof of the church of Sant'Antonio in Locarno collapses under the weight of
snow, killing 47.[2] ·
January 15 – French
intervention in Mexico: French forces bombard Veracruz. ·
January 21 – Adam Opel founds Opel
AG. ·
January 22 – The January Uprising breaks out in
Poland, Lithuania and Belarus. The aim of the national movement is
to liberate the Polish–Lithuanian–Ruthenian
Commonwealth from Russian occupation. ·
January 29 – American Indian Wars – Bear River Massacre:
The United States Army,
led by General Patrick Edward
Connor, massacres Chief Bear Hunter and forces of the Shoshone, in the Idaho Territory. ·
January 31 – Jules Verne's first adventure novel, Five Weeks in a
Balloon (Cinq semaines en ballon), is published in
Paris. February 7: HMS Orpheussinks. ·
February 1 – Radicals in Lithuania,
Belarus, Latvia, northern Ukraine and western Russia join the January Uprising. ·
February 2 – January Uprising: Polish peasants are
massacred by Russian hussars at Čysta Būda, near Marijampolė. ·
February 7 – HMS Orpheus sinks,
while attempting to enter Manukau Harbour in New Zealand, with
the loss of 189 lives. ·
World-famous
midgets General Tom Thumb and Lavinia Warren get married in New York
City; P. T. Barnum takes
an entrance fee. ·
Alanson
Crane of Virginia patents a fire extinguisher. ·
February 16 – Kansas
State Agricultural College is established, as the first land grant college created
under the 1862 Morrill
Act. ·
February 17 – The "Committee of
the Five" holds their first meeting in Geneva, Switzerland, which is regarded as
the foundation of the International
Committee of the Red Cross, following the lead of humanitarian
businessman Henry Dunant.[4] ·
February 24 – Arizona is
organized as a United
States territory. ·
February 26 – Abraham Lincoln signs
the National Banking Act into
law. ·
March 2 – The Clapham
Junction railway station opens in London. ·
March 3 ·
Idaho Territory is organized by
the U.S.
Congress. ·
The
U.S. National Conscription Act is
signed, leading to the New York City
draft riots in July. ·
March 10 – Albert Edward, Prince of
Wales (later Edward VII)
marries Princess Alexandra
of Denmark (later Queen Alexandra).[5] ·
March 14 – Queen Victoria issues Letters Patent granting Goulburn, New
South Wales, city status, making it Australia's first inland city. ·
March 19 – The SS Georgiana is destroyed
on her maiden voyage, while attempting to run the blockade into Charleston,
South Carolina. The wreck is discovered exactly 102 years later,
by E. Lee Spence. ·
March 30 – Prince Wilhelm George
of Denmark,
17, is elected by the Hellenic Parliament as George, King of the
Hellenes; he will reign in Greece for 50 years. He arrives in Athens on October 30 to take the throne. ·
March 31 – The charter of Boston College is approved by the
Commonwealth of Massachusetts, establishing the college. April–June[edit] ·
April 14 – The Treaty of
Huế is signed between Vietnam and the French Empire. ·
April 17–May 2 – American Civil War – Grierson's Raid: Union cavalrymen
are ambushed, while crossing the Tickfaw River in Mississippi. ·
April 20 – American Civil War:
The Battle of Washington ends
inconclusively in Beaufort
County, North Carolina. ·
April 21 ·
Ayyam-i butun: Bahá'u'lláh begins
a 12-day stay in the Najibiyyih
gardens, Baghdad (now known as the Garden of Ridván) during
which he declares his station as He whom
God shall make manifest. This date is celebrated in the Bahá'í Faith as
the festival of Ridván.[6] ·
January Uprising: The Polish peasant army,
now led by Zygmunt Sierakowski, achieves its first victory over the Russian
army, near Raguva. ·
April 30 – Battle of Camarón in
Mexico: 65 soldiers of the French Foreign
Legion fight 2,000 Mexicans. May 17: Manet's Le déjeuner sur
l'herbe exhibited. ·
May 1–4 – American Civil War – Battle of
Chancellorsville: General Robert E. Lee defeats Union forces with
13,000 Confederate casualties, among them Stonewall Jackson (fatally
wounded by friendly fire), and 17,500 Union casualties. ·
May 8 ·
The Granadine
Confederation becomes the United States
of Colombia, under President Tomás Cipriano
de Mosquera. ·
January Uprising: The Polish insurgent army
is defeated by the Russians near Gudiškis. ·
May 14 – American Civil War – Battle of
Jackson, Mississippi: Union General Ulysses S. Grant defeats Confederate
General Joseph E. Johnston,
opening the way for the Siege of Vicksburg. ·
May 17 ·
After
a 2-month siege, the French army of Bazaine takes Puebla, Mexico. ·
The
opening of Salon des Refusés in
Paris draws attention to paintings by avant-garde artists, notably Manet's Le Déjeuner sur
l’herbe. ·
May 18 – American Civil War: The Siege of Vicksburg begins
(ends July 4, when 30,189 Confederate men
surrender). ·
May 21 ·
American
Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson,
Louisiana by Union forces begins. ·
The General
Conference of Seventh-day Adventists is formed in Battle Creek,
Michigan. ·
May 23 – Ferdinand Lassalle founds
the Allgemeiner Deutscher Arbeiterverein (General
German Workers' Association, ADAV), the first socialist workers
party in Germany. ·
May 28 – American Civil War – The 54th Massachusetts,
the first African-American regiment,
leaves Boston to fight for the Union. ·
May 31 – The first Prix de l'Arc
de Triomphe horse race is held. ·
June 7 – French
intervention in Mexico: French forces enter Mexico City. ·
June 9 – American Civil War: The Battle of Brandy
Station, Virginia ends
inconclusively. ·
June 12 – The Arts Club is founded by Charles Dickens, Frederic Leighton and
others in Hanover Square, London. ·
June 13 – Samuel Butler's dystopian article "Darwin among
the Machines" is published (under the pen name Cellarius)
in The Press newspaper in Christchurch, New Zealand; it will be incorporated
into his novel Erewhon (1872). ·
June 14 – American Civil War – Second Battle
of Winchester: A Union garrison is defeated by the Army of
Northern Virginia, in the Shenandoah Valley town
of Winchester, Virginia. ·
June 17 – American Civil War: The Battle of Aldie in the Gettysburg Campaign ends
inconclusively. ·
June 20 – West Virginia is admitted as the
35th U.S. state. July–September[edit] July: Battle of Gettysburg. ·
July –
The tiny Confederate
States of America hand-propelled submarine H. L. Hunley is
first tested successfully.[7] ·
July 1 – Slavery is abolished in
the Dutch colonies of Suriname (independent from 1975)
and Curaçao and
Dependencies. ·
July 1–3 – American Civil War: Battle of Gettysburg –
Union forces under George G. Meade turn back a Confederate
invasion by Robert E. Lee in
the largest battle of the war (28,000 Confederate casualties, 23,000 Union). ·
July 4 – American Civil War: Siege of Vicksburg – Ulysses S. Grant and the Union army
capture the Confederate city Vicksburg,
Mississippi, after the town surrenders, following a 47-day siege. ·
July 6 – Queen Victoria issues Letters Patent, annexing to South Australia the part of the colony
of New South Wales that
will later become the Northern Territory.[8] ·
July 9 – American Civil War: The Siege of Port Hudson ends,
and the Union controls the entire Mississippi River for the first time. ·
July 13 – American Civil War – New York City
draft riots: In New York City, opponents of conscription begin 3 days of violent
rioting, which will be regarded as the worst in the history of the United
States with around 120 killed. ·
July 16 – Battle of
Shimonoseki Straits: The screw sloop USS Wyoming engages
with the Chōshū
Domain fleet before withdrawing, in Japan's first naval
engagement between elements of modern navies. ·
July 17 – The New Zealand Wars against the Māori people resume, as British
forces in New Zealand led by Duncan
Cameron begin their Invasion of the
Waikato. ·
July 17 – American Civil War – Battle of Honey
Springs: Union troops win a strategic victory over the
Confederates, for control of Indian Territory north of the Arkansas River. ·
July 18 – American Civil War: The first
formal African American military unit, the 54th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, unsuccessfully assaults
Confederate-held Fort Wagner but
their valiant fighting still proves the worth of African American soldiers
during the war. Their commander, Colonel Robert Shaw,
is shot leading the attack, and is buried with his men (450 Union, along with
175 Confederate). ·
July 26 – American Civil War – Morgan's Raid: At Salineville, Ohio,
Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and 375 of his
volunteers are captured by Union forces. ·
July 30 – American Indian Wars:
Representatives of the United States and tribal leaders including Chief Pocatello (of the Shoshone) sign the Treaty of Box Elder. ·
August 3 – Otago Boys' High
School is founded in New Zealand. ·
August 8 – American Civil War:
Following his defeat in the Battle of Gettysburg,
General Robert E. Lee sends a letter of resignation to Confederate
President Jefferson Davis (Davis
refuses the request upon receipt). ·
August 15–17 – Bombardment of
Kagoshima: The British Royal Navy bombards the town of Kagoshima in Japan in retribution,
after the Namamugi Incident of 1862. ·
August 16 – After Spain's annexation of
the Dominican Republic,
rebels raise the Dominican
flag in Santiago to
begin the Dominican
Restoration War. ·
August 17 – American Civil War:
In Charleston,
South Carolina, Union batteries and ships bombard
Confederate-held Fort Sumter (the
bombardment does not end until December 31). ·
August 21 – American Civil War– ·
Battle of Lawrence: Lawrence, Kansas is attacked by William Quantrill's
raiders, who kill an estimated 200 men and boys. The raid becomes notorious
in the North as one of the most vicious atrocities of the Civil War. ·
American
clipper Anglo Saxon (westbound) is captured and burned
by Confederate privateer Florida, off the south
coast of Ireland.[9] ·
September – The Western
Railroad from Fayetteville,
North Carolina to the coal fields of Egypt,
North Carolina is completed.[10] ·
September 6 – American Civil War: Confederates evacuate Battery Wagner and Morris Island, in South Carolina. ·
September 16 – Robert College of Istanbul, Turkey, the first American educational
institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert,
an American philanthropist. ·
September 19–20 – American Civil War – Battle of
Chickamauga: Confederate forces turn back a Union invasion
of Georgia. ·
September 30 – Georges Bizet's opera Les pêcheurs de
perles debuts, at the Théâtre Lyrique in
Paris. October–December[edit] ·
October 3 – U.S. President Abraham
Lincoln proclaims a national Thanksgiving Day,
to be celebrated on the final Thursday in November. ·
October 5 – The Brooklyn,
Bath and Coney Island Rail Road starts operations in Brooklyn, New York;
this is now the oldest right-of-way on
the New York City Subway,
the largest rapid transit system
in the United States, and one of the largest in the world. ·
October 14 – American Civil War – Battle of
Bristoe Station: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's forces fail
to drive the Union army out of Virginia. ·
October 15 – American Civil War: The
Confederate submarine H. L. Hunley sinks
during a test, killing Horace Lawson Hunley (its
inventor) and a crew of seven.[7] ·
October 23 – Ffestiniog Railway in North Wales introduces steam locomotives into general service,
the first time this has been done anywhere in the world on a public railway
of such a narrow gauge (2
feet (61 cm)).[11] ·
October 26 – The Football
Association is formed in London.[3] ·
October 26–29 – The Resolutions of the Geneva
International Conference are signed by sixteen countries meeting in Geneva agreeing to form the International Red
Cross. October: Red Cross ·
October 29 – American Civil War – Battle of Wauhatchie:
Forces under Union General Ulysses S. Grant, having fought through the night,
ward off a Confederate attack led by General James Longstreet. Union forces thus open
a supply line into Chattanooga,
Tennessee. ·
November 4 – Hector Berlioz's opera Les Troyens debuts at the Théâtre Lyrique in
Paris. ·
November 15 – The death of King Frederick VII of
Denmark, and his succession by his distant cousin Christian IX,
marks the beginning of the Second Schleswig-Holstein crisis. ·
November 16 – American Civil War
– Battle of
Campbell's Station: Near Knoxville, Tennessee,
Confederate troops led by General James Longstreet unsuccessfully attack
Union forces under General Ambrose Burnside. ·
November 17 – American Civil War
– Siege of Knoxville:
Confederate forces led by General James Longstreet place Knoxville, Tennessee
under siege (the two-week-long siege and an attack are unsuccessful). ·
November 18 – King Christian IX of
Denmark signs the
November Constitution, which declares Schleswig to be part of Denmark,
regarded by the German Confederation as
a violation of the London Protocol of
1852, leading to the German–Danish war of
1864. ·
November 19 – American Civil War: U. S.
President Abraham Lincoln delivers the Gettysburg Address,
at the military cemetery dedication ceremony in Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania. ·
November 23 – American Civil War
– Battle of
Chattanooga III: Union forces led by General Ulysses S. Grant
reinforce troops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, and counter-attack Confederate
troops. ·
November 24 – American Civil War
– Battle of
Lookout Mountain: Near Chattanooga, Tennessee, Union forces under
General Ulysses S. Grant capture Lookout Mountain, and begin to break the
Confederate siege of the city, led by General Braxton Bragg. ·
November 25 – American Civil War
– Battle of
Missionary Ridge: At Missionary Ridge in Tennessee, Union forces led by General
Ulysses S. Grant break the Siege of Chattanooga, by routing Confederate
troops under General Braxton Bragg. ·
November 26 – American Civil War – Mine
Run: Union forces under General George Meade position against troops
led by Confederate General Robert E. Lee (Meade's forces can not find any
weaknesses in the Confederate lines, and give up trying after five days). ·
November 27 – American Civil War:
Confederate cavalry leader John Hunt Morgan and several of his men escape the
Ohio state prison, and return safely to the South. ·
December 1 – The first steam-operated
passenger railway opens in New Zealand, at Christchurch in South Island.[12][page needed] ·
December 6 – C.S.A.C. Fides Quadrat
Intellectum, the First Reformed student society, is founded at the
Theologische Universiteit Kampen (Broederweg), in Kampen, the Netherlands. ·
The Church of the
Company Fire in Santiago, Chile, kills between 2,000 and 3,000. ·
The
Football Association laws are agreed.[13] ·
Romania opens its first mountain railway (from Anina to Oravița). ·
Gerard Adriaan
Heineken, 22, buys the brewery 'De Hooiberg' ("The
Haystack") in Amsterdam. ·
Linoleum is patented in the United
Kingdom.[3] ·
Association football is
played for the first time in the modern era. ·
December 25 – Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow writes the poem Christmas Bells,
or, as it is better known I
Heard the Bells on Christmas Day. Date unknown[edit] ·
The
Second Anglo-Ashanti war begins. ·
Bartolomé Mitre secretly
backs the revolt of Venancio Flores, against the Uruguayan Blanco government. ·
The Chōshū Five leave Japan
secretly to study at University
College London, which is part of the ending of sakoku. ·
Douglas becomes
the capital of the Isle of Man, after
its parliament (Tynwald) moves its chambers from Castletown. ·
The
first outbreak of phylloxera on
the European mainland is observed, in the vineyards of the southern Rhône
region of France. ·
The
recipe for the herbal liqueur Bénédictine is devised by Alexandre
Le Grand in Fécamp, France. ·
Richard Owen publishes the first
description of a fossilised bird, Archaeopteryx.[3] ·
The Winged
Victory of Samothrace is found at Samothrace by Charles Champoiseau.
Made c. 190 BC, it will be displayed in the Louvre, Paris. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 1 – Pierre de Coubertin,
French founder of the modern Olympic Games (d. 1937) ·
January 12 – Swami Vivekananda,
Indian religious leader (d. 1902) ·
January 14 – Manuel
de Oliveira Gomes da Costa, Portuguese general, who served as the
10th President of Portugal (d. 1929) ·
January 15 – Wilhelm Marx, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1946) ·
David Lloyd George, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1945) ·
Constantin
Stanislavski, Russian theatre practitioner,
founder of modern realistic acting (d. 1938) ·
January 28 – Ernest William
Christmas, Australian painter (d. 1918) ·
February 11 – John F. Fitzgerald,
Mayor of Boston (d. 1950) ·
March 1 – Sydney Deane, Australian cricketer, actor
(d. 1934) ·
March 9 – Emelie Tracy Y.
Swett, American author (d. 1892) ·
March 11 – Andrew Stoddart, English cricketer (d. 1915) ·
March 12 – Gabriele D'Annunzio,
Italian writer, war hero and politician (d. 1938) ·
March 25 – Simon Flexner, American pathologist
(d. 1946) ·
March 27 – Henry Royce, English automobile pioneer
(d. 1933) ·
April 15 – Ioannis Svoronos, Greek numismatist
(d. 1922) ·
April 18 – Count Leopold
Berchtold, Austro-Hungarian foreign minister (d. 1942) ·
April 20 – Helen Dortch
Longstreet, American social advocate, librarian, and newspaper
woman (d. 1962) ·
April 28 – Josiah Thomas, Australian politician
(d. 1933) ·
April 29 ·
Signe Häggman, Finnish physical education
pioneer (d. 1911) ·
William Randolph
Hearst, American newspaper publisher (d. 1951) ·
May 21 – Archduke Eugen
of Austria, Austrian field marshal (d. 1954) ·
May 24 – George Grey Barnard,
American sculptor (d. 1938) ·
May 29 – Arthur Mold, English cricketer (d. 1921) ·
June 2 – Felix Weingartner,
Yugoslavian conductor (d. 1942) ·
June 13 – Lucy, Lady
Duff-Gordon, English fashion designer (d. 1942) ·
June 17 – Charles
Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg, head of the House of
Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1934) July–December[edit] ·
July 1 – William Grant Stairs,
Canadian explorer (d. 1892) ·
July 4 – Hugo Winckler, German archaeologist,
historian who uncovered the capital of the Hittite Empire (Hattusa) (d. 1913) ·
July 6 – Reginald McKenna, British Chancellor of
the Exchequer (1915-1916) (d. 1943) ·
July 15 – Gonzalo Córdova,
21st President of Ecuador (d. 1928) ·
July 21 – C. Aubrey Smith, English actor (d. 1948) ·
July 25 – Alison Skipworth, English actress (d. 1952) ·
July 30 – Henry Ford, American automobile
manufacturer, industrialist (d. 1947) ·
August 1 – Gaston Doumergue, President of France during
the Third Republic (d. 1937) ·
August 3 – Géza Gárdonyi,
Hungarian author (d. 1922) ·
August 17 – Gene Stratton-Porter,
American author, screenwriter and naturalist (d. 1924) ·
August 23 – Princess Amélie Rives
Troubetzkoy, American author (d. 1945) ·
September 1 – João Pinheiro Chagas,
Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1925) ·
September 9 – Herbert Henry Ball,
Ontario politician, King's Printer (d. 1943) ·
Arthur Henderson, Scottish politician,
recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935) ·
Franz von Hipper, German admiral (d. 1932) ·
September 21 – John Bunny, American film comedian (d. 1915) ·
Alexandre Yersin, Swiss-French physician,
bacteriologist (d. 1943) ·
G. R. S. Mead, British writer (d. 1933) ·
September 25 – S. Isadore Miner, American columnist writing
as "Pauline Periwinkle" (d. 1916) ·
September 28 – María Abella de
Ramírez, Uruguayan women's rights activist (d. 1926) ·
September 30 – Reinhard Scheer, German admiral (d. 1928) ·
October 1 – Adolph Otto Niedner,
American cartridge designer (d. 1954) ·
October 4 – Samuel P. Bush, American businessman and
industrialist (d. 1948) ·
October 7 – Clarence
Stewart Williams, American admiral (d. 1951) ·
October 9 – Enoch J. Rector, American cinema technician,
inventor, and film director (d. 1957) ·
Lionel Cripps, Rhodesian politician
(d. 1950) ·
Louis Cyr, Canadian strongman (d. 1912) ·
October 16 – Austen Chamberlain,
English politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1937) ·
October 18 – Tommy Tucker,
American baseball pioneer (d. 1935) ·
November 8 – Eero Järnefelt,
Finnish realist painter (d. 1937) ·
November 11 – Paul Signac, French Neo-Impressionist
painter (d. 1935) ·
November 14 – Leo Baekeland Belgian-born American
chemist (d. 1944) ·
November 20 – Zeffie Tilbury, English stage, film actress
(daughter of Lydia Thompson)
(d. 1950) ·
November 23 – János Hadik, 19th Prime Minister of Hungary
(d. 1933) ·
November 29 – Aaron S. Watkins, American Presidential
candidate (Prohibition Party) (d. 1941) ·
November 30 – Andrés Bonifacio,
Filipino revolutionary (d. 1897) ·
December – Qasim Amin, Egyptian writer (d. 1908) ·
December 1 – Black Elk/ Heȟáka Sápa', Oglala
Teton Lakota (Western
Sioux) medicine/holy man (d. 1950) ·
Pattillo Higgins, American oil pioneer,
businessman (Prophet of Spindletop) (d. 1955) ·
Paul Painlevé, 2-Time Prime Minister of
France (d. 1933) ·
Felix Calonder, Swiss politician (d. 1952) ·
Richard Warren Sears,
American businessman (d. 1914) ·
Pietro Mascagni, Italian composer (d. 1945) ·
December 8 – Albert Abrams, American doctor (d. 1924) ·
Georg Bruchmüller,
influential German artillery officer (d. 1948) ·
Annie Jump Cannon,
American astronomer (d. 1941) ·
Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (d. 1944) ·
Sahibzada Abdul
Qayyum, British India politician, educationist (d. 1937) ·
December 13 – Harry Todd, American actor (d. 1935) ·
December 14 – Kenneth Robert
Balfour, British Conservative Party politician (d. 1936) ·
December 16 – George Santayana, Spanish-born philosopher,
poet, essayist and novelist (d. 1952) ·
December 17 – Violet Ann Bland, English Suffragette
(d. 1940) ·
December 18 – Archduke
Franz Ferdinand of Austria (d. 1914) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Fanny
Huntington Runnells Poole, American book reviewer (d. 1940) ·
Kate Tyrrell, Irish sailor, shipping company
owner, captain of the Denbighshire Lass (d. 1921) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 1 – William B. Renshaw,
United States Navy officer (killed in action) (b. 1816) ·
February 10 – Emma Catherine
Embury, American author (b. 1806) ·
April 1 – Jakob Steiner, Swiss mathematician (b. 1796) ·
April 10 – Giovanni Battista
Amici, Italian astronomer, microscopist and botanist (b. 1786) ·
April 21 – Sir
Robert Bateson, 1st Baronet, Irish nobility (b. 1782) ·
May 7 – Earl Van Dorn, American Confederate general
(b. 1820) ·
May 10 – Thomas J.
"Stonewall" Jackson, American Confederate general
(b. 1824) ·
June 7 – Antonio Valero
de Bernabé, Latin American liberator (b. 1790) ·
June 9 – Dost
Mohammad Khan, Emir of Kabul, King of Kandahar (b. 1793) ·
June 24 – Sir George Elliot, British admiral (b. 1784) ·
June 26 – Andrew Hull Foote,
American admiral (b. 1806) July–December[edit] ·
July 1 – John F. Reynolds, American general (b. 1820) ·
July 5 – Lewis A. Armistead,
Confederate general (b. 1817) ·
July 21 - Josephine Kablick,
Czech botanist and paleontologist (b. 1787) ·
July 26 – Sam Houston, first President
of the Republic of Texas (b. 1793) ·
August 1 – Jind Kaur, Indian royal, Maharani of Punjab
(b. 1817) ·
August 13 – Eugène Delacroix,
French painter (b. 1798) ·
September 17 – Alfred de Vigny, French author (b. 1797) ·
September 20 – Jacob Grimm, German folklorist (b. 1785) ·
October 13 – Philippe
Antoine d'Ornano, Marshal of France (b. 1784) ·
November 2 – Theodore Judah, American railroad engineer
(b. 1826) ·
November 15 – King Frederick VII of
Denmark (b. 1808) ·
December 2 – Jane Pierce, 15th First
Lady of the United States (b. 1806) ·
December 13 – Christian
Friedrich Hebbel, German writer (b. 1813) ·
December 16 – John Buford, American general (b. 1826) ·
December 24 – William
Makepeace Thackeray, British novelist (b. 1811) In fiction[edit] ·
The
film Glory (starring Morgan Freeman, Denzel Washington,
and Matthew Broderick)
shows the events of 1863, notably the assault on Fort Wagner. ·
The
film Gangs of New York (starring Daniel Day-Lewis, Leonardo DiCaprio,
and Cameron Diaz) is
set in New York City in
the year 1863. References[edit] 1.
^ Foner, Eric (2010). The Fiery Trial: Abraham
Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: Norton. pp. 239–42. ISBN 978-0-393-06618-0. 2.
^ Jump up to:a b Resoconto
del Comitato cantonale di Soccorso intorno ai sussidi raccolti e distribuiti
pei danni cagionati dalle nevi nel gennaio 1863. Lugano: Tip. Cantonale.
1864. 3.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Everett,
Jason M., ed. (2006). "1863". The People's Chronology. Thomson
Gale. 4.
^ Boissier, Pierre (1985). History of the
International Committee of the Red Cross. Volume I: From Solferino to
Tsushima. Geneva: Henry Dunant Institute. ISBN 2-88044-012-2. 5.
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin
Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0. 6.
^ Smith, Peter (2000). "Ridvan". A
concise encyclopedia of the Bahá'í Faith. Oxford: Oneworld Publications.
pp. 296–297. ISBN 1-85168-184-1. 7.
^ Jump up to:a b Chaffin,
Tom (2008). The H. L. Hunley: the Secret Hope of the Confederacy. New
York: Hill and Wang. ISBN 978-0-8090-9512-4. 8.
^ Letters Patent annexing the Northern Territory to South
Australia, 1863Archived June 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine.. National
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