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1870 (MDCCCLXX) was
a common year starting
on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1870th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
870th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 70th year of the 19th century,
and the 1st year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1870, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
The
first edition of The Northern Echo newspaper
is published in Priestgate, Darlington, England. ·
Plans
for the Brooklyn Bridge are
completed. ·
January 3 – Construction of the Brooklyn Bridge begins. ·
January 6 – The Musikverein, Vienna, is inaugurated
in Austria-Hungary. ·
January 10 – John D. Rockefeller incorporates Standard Oil. ·
January 15 – A political cartoon for
the first time symbolizes the United
States Democratic Party with a donkey (A Live Jackass Kicking a
Dead Lion by Thomas Nast for Harper's Weekly). ·
January 20 – SS City of
Boston vanishes at sea, with all 177 aboard. ·
January 23 – Marias Massacre: U.S soldiers attack a
peaceful camp of Piegan Blackfeet Indians,
led by chief Heavy Runner. ·
January 26 – Reconstruction Era (United
States): Virginia rejoins
the Union. ·
February – Denis Vrain-Lucas is
sentenced to 2 years in prison, for multiple forgery, in Paris. ·
February 1 – Goodna State School in Goodna, Queensland,
Australia is founded. ·
February 2 – It is revealed that the
famed Cardiff Giant in
the U.S. is just carved gypsum, and not the
petrified remains of a human. ·
February 3 – The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution,
guaranteeing African-Americans the right to vote, is passed. ·
February 9 – The U.S. Army Weather Bureau (within the Army Signal Corps)
is created. ·
Anaheim, California is
incorporated. ·
The YWCA is
founded in New York City. ·
February 12 – Women's suffrage:
Women gain the right to vote in Utah Territory. ·
February 23 – Military control of Mississippi ends, and it is readmitted
to the Union. ·
February 25 – Hiram Rhodes Revels,
a Republican from Mississippi, is sworn into the United States Senate,
becoming the first African American ever to sit in
the U.S. Congress. ·
February 26 – In New York City, the
first pneumatic subway is opened, Beach Pneumatic
Transit. ·
February 26 – The German Commerzbank is founded in Hamburg. ·
February 27 – The circle of the
sun flag of Japan is
adopted as the national flag for Japanese merchant ships, by proclamation of
the Daijō-kan. ·
February 28 – The Bulgarian Exarchate is
established, by decree of Sultan Abdülaziz of the Ottoman Empire. ·
March – The Mitsubishi Company is established in
Japan as a shipping firm,
by Iwasaki Yatarō with Thomas Blake Glover. ·
March 1 – Battle of Cerro Corá, Paraguay: Marshal Francisco Solano
López's last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance.
López refuses to surrender and is killed, ending the Paraguayan War. ·
March 4 – Red River Rebellion: Thomas Scott is
executed by Louis Riel's
provisional government, in modern-day Manitoba, Canada. ·
March 5 – The first ever
international Association football match, England v
Scotland, takes place under the auspices of the Football
Association at The Oval, London. ·
March 10 – The Deutsche Bank is founded in Berlin. ·
March 19 – The Ohio Legislature passes
the Cannon Act, thereby establishing the Ohio Agriculture and Mechanical
College, later Ohio State
University. ·
March 24 – Syracuse University is
established and officially opens. ·
March 30 ·
The 15th Amendment to the United States Constitution,
giving blacks the right to vote, is ratified. ·
Reconstruction: Texas is readmitted to the Union. ·
March 31 – Thomas Mundy
Peterson is the first African-American to vote in an
election. April–June[edit] ·
April 27 – Antonio Guzmán
Blanco begins his first term as President of
Venezuela. ·
April 29 – The Chicago Base Ball Club,
later to be known as the Chicago White Stockings and ultimately the Chicago Cubs, play their first game against
the St. Louis Unions of the National
Association of Base Ball Players, an amateur league. ·
May 12 ·
The
Canadian province of Manitoba is
created, in response to Louis Riel's Red River Rebellion. ·
The Port Adelaide
Football Club is founded. The club plays its first match
of Australian
rules football at Buck's Flat, Glanville Estate, South Australia on May 24. ·
May 14 – The first rugby match is played in New Zealand,
between the Nelson Football Club and Nelson College. ·
May 20 – Charles Craufurd Hay becomes
acting Governor of the Cape of Good
Hope, and High
Commissioner for Southern Africa. ·
June 9 – English novelist Charles Dickens dies at Gads Hill Place in Kent,
leaving his last book, The Mystery of
Edwin Drood, unfinished. ·
June 22 ·
The
office of the Solicitor
General of the United States is set up, to supervise and
conduct government litigation in the United States
Supreme Court. ·
The U.S. Congress creates the United
States Department of Justice. ·
June 26 – Richard Wagner's opera Die Walküre is first performed
at Munich's National Theatre. ·
June 28 – Christmas is declared a federal holiday
in the United States.[1] July–September[edit] ·
July 13 – The Ems Dispatch serves as a reason for
a war between Prussia and France. ·
July 15 ·
Reconstruction Era: Georgia becomes
the last former Confederate state
to be readmitted to the Union. ·
The
British government admits the former Hudson's Bay Company territory
of Rupert's Land and
the North-Western
Territory to the Dominion of Canada. ·
July 18 – Pastor aeternus: Pope Pius IX declares papal infallibility,
in matters of faith and morals. ·
July 19 – Franco-Prussian War:
France declares war on Prussia. ·
July 30 – The Klipdrift Republic is
proclaimed in South Africa by diamond miners, with Stafford Parker as President. ·
August 2 – The Tower Subway beneath the River Thames in London, the world's
first underground passenger "tube" railway, officially opens.[2] Although this lasts as a railway operation only until
November, it demonstrates the technologically successful first use of the
cylindrical wrought iron tunnelling shield,
devised by Peter W. Barlow and James Henry
Greathead,[3] and
of a permanent tunnel lining of cast iron segments.[4] ·
August 8 – The Republic of
Ploiești, an uprising against Domnitor Carol of Romania, fails. ·
August 24 – The Red River Rebellion,
ends with the arrival of the Wolseley Expedition,
and the fleeing of Louis Riel. ·
September 2 – Franco-Prussian War – Battle of Sedan: Prussian forces defeat the French
armies, and take Emperor Napoleon III and 100,000 of his
soldiers prisoner at Sedan. ·
September 4 – Emperor Napoleon III of France is deposed, and
the Third Republic is
declared. Empress Eugénie flees
to England with her children. ·
September 6 – Louisa Ann Swain of
Laramie, Wyoming, becomes the first woman in the United States to cast a vote
legally since 1807. ·
September 18 – Old Faithful Geyser is
observed and named by Henry D. Washburn,
during the Washburn–Langford–Doane
Expedition to Yellowstone. ·
September 19 – Franco-Prussian War:
The Siege of Paris begins. ·
September 20 – With Bersaglieri soldiers entering Rome at Porta Pia, the unification of Italy is
completed, ending the last remnant of the Papal States and the Papal temporal
power. October–December[edit] ·
October 2 – A plebiscite held in Rome supports, by
133,681 votes to 1,507, the annexation of the city by Italy. ·
October 6 – Rome becomes the capital
of unified Italy. ·
October 8 – Léon Gambetta escapes the besieged
Paris in a hot-air balloon. ·
October 20 – The First Vatican
Council adjourns. ·
October 27 – Franco-Prussian War – Siege of Metz:
Marshal François Achille
Bazaine, commanding the French left wing, is forced by starvation
to surrender the fortifications of
Metz. ·
November 1 – In the United States, the
newly created Weather Bureau (later renamed the National Weather
Service) makes its first official meteorological forecast: "High
winds at Chicago and Milwaukee... and along the Lakes". ·
November 12 – German company Dresdner Bank is founded. ·
November 16 – The Spanish Cortes Generales proclaims Amadeo de
Saboya, as King Amadeus I of Spain. ·
December 12 – Joseph H. Rainey of South Carolina
becomes the second black U.S. congressman, the first being Hiram Revels. ·
December 30 – Juan Prim, prime minister of Spain, is
assassinated. ·
Sir Henry Barkly is appointed Governor of the Cape of Good
Hope, and High
Commissioner for Southern Africa. ·
The
12.8 km (8.0 mi) Fréjus Rail Tunnel through
the Alps is completed. Date unknown[edit] ·
Infanticide is banned in India. ·
Just
one of the 916 members of the Indian Civil Service is
Indian. ·
Japanese yen replaces the Tokugawa coinage. ·
David
Kenyon invents the fireman's pole in Chicago. ·
Graeter's ice cream is originated. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 1 – Hermann Theodor
Simon, German physicist (d. 1918) ·
January 2 – Ernst Barlach, German sculptor, graphic
artist and poet (d. 1938) ·
January 6 – Gustav Bauer, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1944) ·
Walter Edwards,
American film director (d. 1920) ·
Miguel Primo de
Rivera, dictator of Spain (d. 1930) ·
January 11 – Alexander
Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945) ·
January 14 – George Pearce, Australian politician
(d. 1952) ·
January 20 – Ajahn Mun Bhuridatta,
Thai Buddhist monk (d. 1949) ·
January 22 – John B. Sheridan, Irish American sports
journalist (d. 1930) ·
January 23 – William G. Morgan,
American inventor of volleyball (d. 1942) ·
February 1 – Erik Adolf von
Willebrand, Finnish physician (d. 1949) ·
February 7 – Alfred Adler, Austrian psychologist
(d. 1937) ·
Marie Lloyd, English singer (d. 1922) ·
Hugo Stinnes, German industrialist,
politician (d. 1924) ·
February 20 – Jay Johnson Morrow,
American military engineer, politician, 3rd Governor
of the Panama Canal Zone (d. 1937) ·
February 25 – Jelica
Belović-Bernardzikowska, Croatian writer (d. 1946) ·
March 4 – Thomas Sturge Moore,
English poet, author and artist (d. 1944) ·
March 5 – Frank Norris, American writer (d. 1902) ·
March 13 – Seale Harris, American physician (d. 1957) ·
March 17 – Horace Donisthorpe,
English entomologist (d. 1951) ·
March 20 – Paul von
Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964) ·
March 31 – James M. Cox, Democratic candidate
for President
of the United States in the election
of 1920 (d. 1957) ·
April 1 – Hamaguchi Osachi, 27th Prime Minister of
Japan (d. 1931) ·
April 3 – Agda Östlund, Swedish politician (d. 1942) ·
April 4 ·
Curtis Hidden Page,
New Hampshire politician, educator (d. 1946) ·
George Albert Smith,
president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1951) ·
April 7 – Anna Lindhagen, Swedish politician (d. 1941) ·
April 17 – Ray Stannard Baker,
American journalist, author (d. 1946) ·
April 22 – Vladimir Lenin, Russian revolutionary,
first Premier of
the Soviet Union (d. 1924) ·
April 21 – Edwin S. Porter, American film director
(d. 1941) ·
April 30 – Franz Lehár, Austrian composer (d. 1948) ·
May 4 – Antonius van den
Broek, Dutch physicist (d. 1926) ·
May 9 – Harry Vardon, English golf professional
(d. 1937) ·
May 19 – Albert Fish, American serial killer
(d. 1936) ·
May 24 ·
Benjamin N. Cardozo, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1938) ·
Jan Smuts, South African soldier, statesman
(d. 1950) ·
May 27 – Anna Stecksén, Swedish scientist, physician
and pathologist (d. 1904) ·
June 13 – Jules Bordet, Belgian immunologist,
microbiologist, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961) ·
June 20 – Georges Dufrénoy,
French post-impressionnist painter (d. 1943) July–December[edit]
·
July 3 – Richard Bedford Bennett, eleventh Prime Minister
of Canada (d. 1947) ·
July 9 – Mathew Beard, American supercentenarian
(d. 1985) ·
July 12 – Louis II, Prince
of Monaco (d. 1949) ·
July 16 – Lambert McKenna, Irish scholar (d. 1956) ·
July 25 – Maxfield Parrish, American illustrator
(d. 1966) ·
July 27 – Hilaire Belloc, French/English man of
letters (d. 1953) ·
July 29 – George Dixon,
Canadian boxer (d. 1909) ·
August 3 – Carrie Ingalls, younger sister of
author Laura Ingalls Wilder (d. 1946) ·
August 4 – Harry Lauder, Scottish entertainer (d. 1950) ·
August 10 – Hans Zenker, German admiral (d. 1932) ·
August 11 – Tom Richardson,
English cricketer (d. 1912) ·
August 12 – Hubert Gough, British general (d. 1963) ·
August 14 – Nelson McDowell, American actor (d. 1947) ·
August 20 – Edward Stanley
Kellogg, 16th Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1948) ·
August 22 – Bertram
Fletcher Robinson, English journalist, editor and author (d. 1907) ·
August 31 – Maria Montessori, Italian educator (d. 1952) ·
September 1 – Leopold Wharton, American film director
(d. 1927) ·
September 2 – James Bert Garner,
American chemical engineer, inventor (d. 1960) ·
September 24 – Georges Claude, French engineer, inventor
(d. 1960) ·
September 25 – James A. Hawken, American schoolteacher
(d. 1964) ·
September 26 – King Christian X of
Denmark (d. 1947) ·
Jean Baptiste Perrin,
French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1942) ·
Thomas W. Lamont, American banker (d. 1948) ·
October 2 – Horace Hood, British admiral (d. 1916) ·
October 4 – Karl Renner, 1st Chancellor of Austria
(d. 1950) ·
October 10 – Ivan Alekseyevich
Bunin, Russian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1953) ·
October 18 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese philosopher (d. 1966) ·
October 22 – Johan Ludwig
Mowinckel, Norwegian businessman, Prime Minister
of Norway (d. 1943) ·
October 30 – Lawrence Grant, English actor (d. 1952) ·
November 2 – Joseph
"Sport" Sullivan, American gambler (d. 1949) ·
November 17 – Jean Prévost,
Canadian politician (d. 1915) ·
November 21 – Sigfrid Edström,
Swedish sports official (d. 1964) ·
November 27 – Juho Kusti Paasikivi, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1956) ·
November 28 – Gustavus M. Blech,
German-American physician, surgeon (d. 1949) ·
November 29 – Trixie Friganza, American actress (d. 1955) ·
December 5 – Vítězslav Novák,
Czech composer (d. 1949) ·
December 9 – Francisco S.
Carvajal, 36th President of Mexico (d. 1932) ·
December 10 – Mary Bonaparte, pretender to the French
imperial throne (d. 1947) ·
December 10 – Jadunath Sarkar, Indian historian (d. 1958) ·
December 12 – Walter Benona Sharp,
American oil pioneer (d. 1912) ·
Dirk Jan de Geer, Prime
Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1960) ·
Karl Renner, 4th President of Austria
(d. 1950) ·
December 18 – Saki,
English writer (k. 1916) ·
December 31 – Mbah Gotho, Indonesian man, oldest human
(d. 2017) Date unknown[edit] ·
Hulburd
Steel, New York City marine artist ·
Louise
Hammond Willis Snead, American artist and writer Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 20 – Sir
George Seymour, British admiral of the fleet (b.1787) ·
January 25 – Victor de
Broglie, Prime Minister of France (b. 1785) ·
January 29 – Leopold
II, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1797) ·
February 7 – Sylvain Salnave, Haitian general, 9th President of Haiti (b. 1827) ·
February 11 – Carlos Soublette, 2-time President of Venezuela
(b. 1789) ·
February 19 – Nathaniel de
Rothschild, French wine grower (b. 1812) ·
March 1 – Francisco Solano
López, 2nd President of
Paraguay (killed in action) (b. 1827) ·
March 4 – Thomas Scott,
Canadian Orangeman, surveyor of the Red River Rebellion (shot by Louis Riel and the Métis) (b. c. 1842) ·
March 11 – Moshoeshoe I of Lesotho (b. 1786?) ·
March 28 – George Henry Thomas,
American general (b. 1816) ·
April 16 – Domnița
Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (b. 1799) ·
May 6 – Sir James Young Simpson,
Scottish physician, researcher (b. 1811) ·
June 6 – Ferdinand von
Wrangel, Baltic-German explorer (b. 1796/1797) ·
June 7 – Friedrich Hohe, German lithographer, painter
(b. 1802) ·
June 9 – Charles Dickens, British novelist (b. 1812) ·
June 20 – Jules de Goncourt,
French writer, publisher (b. 1830) ·
June 24 – Adam Lindsay Gordon,
Australian poet (b. 1833) ·
June 27 – Cyrus Kingsbury, American missionary to
Choctaw Indians (b. 1786) July–December[edit]
·
July 10 – Pelaghia Roșu, Romanian heroine
(b. 1800) ·
July 30 – Aasmund Olavsson
Vinje, Norwegian journalist and poet (b. 1818) ·
August 14 – David Farragut, American admiral (b. 1801) ·
August 17 – Pedro Figueredo, Cuban poet, musician and
freedom fighter (b. 1818) ·
September 4 – Juan Javier Espinosa,
9th President of Ecuador (b. 1815) ·
September 12 – Fitz Hugh Ludlow, American author, explorer
(b. 1836) ·
September 23 – Prosper Mérimée,
French writer (b. 1803) ·
September 27 – William F. Packer,
American politician (b. 1807) ·
Stephen
Greenleaf Bulfinch, American minister, hymn writer (b. 1809) ·
Robert E. Lee, Confederate general (b. 1807) ·
November 3 – Diego Noboa, 4th President of Ecuador (b. 1789) ·
November 23 – Giuseppina Bozzacchi,
Milanese-born ballerina (b. 1853) (result of
deprivation during Siege of Paris) ·
November 24 – Comte de Lautréamont,
French poet, writer (b. 1846) ·
November 26 – Franz Graf von
Wimpffen, Austrian general and admiral (b. 1797) ·
November 28 – Frédéric Bazille,
French painter (b. 1841) ·
December 5 – Alexandre Dumas,
père, French author (b. 1802) ·
December 9 – Patrick MacDowell,
Northern Irish sculptor (b. 1799) ·
December 27 – Juan
Prim, Spanish general and prime minister (assassinated) (b. 1814) References[edit] 1.
^ Olivia B. Waxman (23 December 2016). "The Surprising Story of Christmas in the United
States". Time. Retrieved 15 January 2018. 2.
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin
Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 978-0-14-102715-9. 3.
^ Smith, Denis (2001). Civil Engineering Heritage:
London and the Thames Valley. Thomas Telford. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-0-7277-2876-0. 4.
^ West, Graham (2005). Innovation and the Rise of
the Tunnelling Industry. Cambridge University Press. pp. 116–118. ISBN 978-0-521-33512-6. External links[edit] ·
"1870". Timeline. USA: Digital
Public Library of America. Archived from the original on |archive-url= requires |archive-date= (help). |
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