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1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was
a common year starting
on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1871st year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
871st year of the 2nd millennium,
the 71st year of the 19th century,
and the 2nd year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1871, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 3 – Battle of Bapaume, a
battle in the Franco-Prussian war occurs. ·
January 18 – Founding of
the German Empire: The member states of the North German
Confederation and the south German states unite into a
single nation state,
known as the German Empire.
The King of Prussia is
declared the first German Emperor as Wilhelm I of Germany,
in the Hall of Mirrors at
the Palace of Versailles. ·
January 21 – Giuseppe Garibaldi's
group of French and Italian volunteer troops, in support of the French Third
Republic, win a battle against the Prussians in Dijon. ·
February 9 – The United States
Commission on Fish and Fisheries is founded. ·
February 21 – The District
of Columbia Organic Act of 1871 was signed into law by
President Ulysses S. Grant. ·
March 7 – José
Paranhos, Viscount of Rio Branco, becomes Prime Minister of
the Empire of Brazil,
serving for four years. ·
March 21 – John
Campbell, Marquess of Lorne (whose father, the 8th
Duke of Argyll, is the serving Secretary of
State for India), marries Princess
Louise. ·
March 21 – Otto von Bismarck becomes
the first Chancellor
of the German Empire. ·
March 22 ·
In North Carolina, William Holden becomes
the first governor of a U.S. state to be removed from office by impeachment. ·
The United States Army issues
an order for the abandonment of Fort Kearny, Nebraska. ·
March 26 – The Paris Commune is formally established
in Paris. ·
March 27 – The first Rugby Union International results in a
4–1 win, by Scotland over England. ·
March 29 ·
The
first Surgeon
General of the United States (John Maynard
Woodworth) is appointed. ·
The Royal Albert Hall in
London is opened by Queen Victoria; it incorporates a grand organ by Henry Willis
& Sons, the world's largest at this time. April–June[edit] ·
April – The Stockholms
Handelsbank is founded. ·
April 4 – The New Jersey Detective
Agency is chartered, and the New Jersey
State Detectives are initiated. ·
April 20 – U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant signs the Civil Rights Act
of 1871. ·
April 24 – Servant girl Jane Clouson is murdered in Eltham, England. ·
May 4 – The first supposedly Major League
Baseball game is played in America. ·
May 8 – The first Major League Baseball
home run is hit by Ezra Sutton, of
the Cleveland Forest
Citys. ·
May 10 – The Treaty of
Frankfurt is signed, confirming the frontiers between Germany
and France. ·
May 11 – The first trial in the Tichborne case begins, in the
London Court of
Common Pleas. ·
May 21 – The first rack railway in Europe, the Vitznau–Rigi Railway on Mount Rigi in Switzerland, is opened. ·
May 28 – Following the invasion of
the Paris Commune by
Government troops, 147 Communards, the last defenders of the workers'
district of Belleville, are shot, on the last day of the Bloody Week (Semaine
Sanglante), in which the Commune is crushed. ·
May 30 – French Third
Republic: Government suppression of the Paris Commune rebellion is completed. ·
June 1 – Bombardment
of the Selee River Forts: Koreans attack two United States Navy
warships. ·
June 10 – United
States expedition to Korea: Captain McLane Tilton leads 109
members of the United States
Marine Corps, in a punitive naval attack on the Han River forts,
on Ganghwa Island in
Korea. ·
June 18 – The University
Tests Act removes restrictions limiting access to Oxford, Cambridge and Durham universities
to members of the Church of England. July–September[edit] ·
July 13 – The first cat exhibition is
held at the Crystal Palace of London. ·
July 20 ·
British Columbia joins the confederation of Canada. ·
C. W. Alcock proposes that "a
Challenge Cup should be established in connection with the Association",
giving birth to the FA Cup. ·
July 21 – August 26 – The first ever photographs
of Yellowstone
National Park region are taken by photographer William Henry
Jackson, during the Hayden
Geological Survey of 1871. ·
July 22 – The foundation stone of the
first Tay Rail Bridge is
laid;[1] the
bridge collapses in a storm eight years later. ·
July 28 – The Annie becomes
the first boat ever launched on Yellowstone Lake, in the Yellowstone
National Park region. ·
August 9 – One of the few known major hurricanes to strike what become
the US state of Hawaii caused
significant damage on Hawai'i and Maui[2][3] ·
August 29 – The abolition of
the han system is carried out in Japan. ·
August 31 – Adolphe Thiers becomes President of the
French Republic. ·
September 2 – Whaling Disaster
of 1871: The Comet, a brig used
by whalers, becomes the first of 33 ships to be crushed in the Arctic ice by
an early freeze.[4] Remarkably,
all 1,219 people on the abandoned ships are rescued without a single loss of
life.[5] ·
September 3 – New York City residents,
tired of the corruption of Tammany Hall and Boss Tweed, meet to form the Committee
of Seventy to reform local politics.[6] October–December[edit] ·
October 8 – Four major fires break out
on the shores of Lake Michigan in Chicago; Peshtigo, Wisconsin; Holland, Michigan;
and Manistee, Michigan.
The Great Chicago Fire is
the most famous of these, leaving nearly 100,000 people homeless, although
the Peshtigo Fire kills
as many as 2,500 people, making it the deadliest fire in United States history. ·
October 12 – The Criminal Tribes Act is
enacted by the British Raj in
India, naming over 160 communities as "Denotified Tribes",
allegedly habitually criminal (it will be repealed in 1949,
after Indian independence). ·
October 20 – The Royal
Regiment of Artillery forms the first regular Canadian army
units, when they create two batteries of garrison artillery, which later become
the Royal Canadian
Artillery. ·
October 24 – Chinese massacre
of 1871. In Los Angeles' Chinatown,
18 Chinese immigrants are killed by a mob of 500
men. ·
British
forces march into the Klipdrift Republic,
and annex the territory as Griqualand West Colony. ·
Henri, Count of
Chambord, refuses to be crowned "King Henry V of France"
until France abandons its tricolor, and returns to the old Bourbon flag. ·
Boss Tweed, the Grand Sachem of Tammany Hall, is arrested. ·
November 5 – Wickenburg Massacre:
Six men travelling by stagecoach, in the Arizona Territory,
are reportedly murdered by Yavapai people. ·
November 7 – The London–Australia telegraph cable is brought ashore
at Darwin.[7] ·
November 10 – Henry Morton Stanley,
Welsh-born correspondent for the New York Herald, locates missing
Scottish explorer and missionary Dr. David Livingstonein Ujiji, near Lake Tanganyika, and greets him by saying,
"Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"[8] ·
The National Rifle
Association is granted a charter by the state of New York. ·
George Biddell Airy presents
his discovery that astronomical
aberration is independent of the local medium. ·
December 10 – German chancellor Otto von Bismarck tries
to ban Catholics from
the political stage, by introducing harsh laws concerning the separation
of church and state. ·
December 19 – The city of Birmingham, Alabama,
is incorporated with the merger of three existing towns. ·
December 24 – The opera Aida opens
in Cairo, Egypt. ·
December 25 – The Reading Football Club is formed. ·
December 26 – Thespis, the first of the Gilbert and Sullivan operas,
premières. It does modestly well, but the two composers will not collaborate
again for four years. Date unknown[edit] ·
Gold is
discovered at Pilgrim's Creek in the Pilgrim's Rest area. ·
When
an 83.50 carats (16.700 g) diamond is discovered, a diamond rush results, and the town
of New Rush springs
up. ·
The
provinces of Alsace and Lorraine are
transferred from France to Germany. ·
British trade unions are legalized. ·
Heinrich Schliemann begins
the excavation of Troy. ·
Japan forms its own nationwide police
force based on the French model. ·
William M. Tweed serves his last year
as the "Boss" of the Tammany Hall political machine in New
York. ·
The South Improvement
Company is formed by John D. Rockefeller and
a group of major railroad interests, in an early effort to organize and
control the American petroleum industry. ·
The Harvard Summer
School is founded. ·
The Danish Women's Society is
founded in Denmark. ·
The
Constitution of the German Empire abolishes all restrictions on Jewish
marriage, choice of occupation, place of residence, and property ownership.
Exclusion from government employment and discrimination in social relations
remain in effect. ·
The
American minister to China takes five warships to attempt to "open
up" Korea, but his forces leave after exchanges of fire result in 250
Koreans dying, and the Korean government still unwilling to make any
concessions. ·
Virginia adopts a new Constitution,
taking into account, among other things, all of the counties that had left
Virginia in 1863 to form the new non-slave state
of West Virginia.
No other state has ever formed by breaking off from another without the
consent of the legislature of the parent state, as in the cases of Vermont, Kentucky, and Maine. ·
In Hanover, the German company Continental AG is founded. ·
Tsutsuke
Taisha, in Shimane Prefecture, Japan, is officially renamed Izumo Taisha.[citation needed] ·
Modern
"neoclassical
economics" is born (See William Stanley
Jevons, Eugen Böhm von
Bawerk, and Carl Menger). Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 7 – Félix Édouard Justin Émile Borel, French mathematician,
politician (d. 1956) ·
January 9 – Eugène Marais, South African lawyer, naturalist,
poet and writer (d. 1936) ·
David
Beatty, 1st Earl Beatty, British admiral (d. 1936) ·
Nicolae Iorga, 34th Prime Minister of
Romania (d. 1940) ·
January 28 – Olga Rudel-Zeynek,
Austrian politician (d. 1948) ·
January 30 – Wilfred Lucas, Canadian-born actor (d. 1940) ·
February 4 – Friedrich Ebert, President of Germany (d. 1925) ·
February 9 – Howard Taylor
Ricketts, American pathologist (d. 1910) ·
February 14 – Florence
Roberts, American actress (d. 1927) ·
February 15 – John W. Nordstrom,
Swedish-born American co-founder of the Nordstrom department store chain
(d. 1963) ·
February 18 – Harry Brearley, English inventor (d. 1948) ·
February 27 – Otto Praeger, American postal official,
implements U.S. Airmail (d. 1948) ·
February 28 – Manuel Díaz
Rodríguez, Venezuelan writer (d. 1927) ·
March 1 – Ben Harney, American composer and pianist
(d. 1938) ·
March 4 – Boris Galerkin, Russian mathematician
(d. 1945) ·
March 5 – Rosa Luxemburg, German politician (d. 1919) ·
March 6 – Afonso Costa, Prime Minister of Portugal
(d. 1937) ·
March 12 – Kitty Marion, German-born actress and
women's rights activist in England and the United States (d. 1944) ·
March 15 – Constantin
Argetoianu, 41st Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1955) ·
March 17 – Konstantinos Pallis,
Greek general (d. 1941) ·
March 19 – Schofield Haigh, English cricketer (d. 1921) ·
March 24 – Birdie Blye, American pianist (d. 1935)
·
March 27 – Heinrich Mann, German writer (d. 1950) ·
March 31 – Arthur Griffith, President of Ireland (d. 1922) ·
April 4 – Luke McNamee, American admiral (d. 1952) ·
April 8 – Clarence Hudson
White, American photographer (d. 1925) ·
April 12 – Ioannis Metaxas, Prime Minister of Greece
(d. 1941) ·
April 15 – Jonathan Zenneck, German physicist,
electrical engineer (1959) ·
May 2 – Francis P. Duffy, Canadian-born American
Catholic priest (d. 1932) ·
May 3 – Walter Robinson Parr, English-born American
Congregational pastor (d. 1922) ·
May 6 ·
Victor Grignard, French chemist, Nobel Prize in
Chemistry laureate (d. 1935) ·
Christian
Morgenstern, German author (d. 1914) ·
May 7 – Gyula Károlyi, 29th Prime Minister of
Hungary (d. 1947)
·
May 15 – Kōzō
Satō, Japanese admiral (d. 1948) ·
May 27 – Georges Rouault, French painter, graphic
artist (d. 1958)
·
June 12 – Ernst Stromer, German paleontologist
(d. 1952) ·
June 14 – Jacob Ellehammer, Danish inventor (d. 1946) ·
June 17 – James Weldon Johnson,
American author, politician, diplomat, critic, journalist, poet, anthologist,
educator, lawyer, songwriter and early civil rights activist (d. 1938) ·
June 18 – Edmund Breese, American actor (d. 1936) ·
June 21 – DeWitt Jennings, American actor (d. 1937) ·
June 23 – Jantina Tammes, Dutch plant biologist
(d. 1947) ·
June 26 – Reginald R. Belknap,
United States Navy rear admiral (d. 1959) July–December[edit]
·
July 6 – Evelyn Selbie, American actress (d. 1950) ·
July 7 – Richard Carle, American actor (d. 1941) ·
July 10 – Marcel Proust, French writer (d. 1922) ·
July 17 – Lyonel Feininger, German painter (d. 1956) ·
July 18 – Sada Yacco, Japanese stage actress (d. 1946) ·
July 25 – Richard Ernest
Turner, Canadian soldier (d. 1961) ·
August 1 – John Lester, American cricketer (d. 1969) ·
August 10 – Aino Sibelius, wife of Finnish composer Jean
Sibelius (d. 1969) ·
August 12 – Gustavs Zemgals, 2nd President of Latvia
(d. 1939) ·
August 13 – Karl Liebknecht, German politician (d. 1919) ·
August 14 – Guangxu Emperor of China (d. 1908) ·
Orville Wright, American aviation pioneer,
co-inventor of the airplane with brother Wilbur (d. 1948) ·
Joseph E. Widener,
American art collector (d. 1943) ·
August 23 – Sofia Panina, Russian politician (d. 1956) ·
Nils Edén, 15th Prime Minister of Sweden
(d. 1945) ·
Ross Winn, American anarchist writer,
publisher (d. 1912) ·
August 27 – Theodore Dreiser, American writer (d. 1945) ·
August 29 – Albert François
Lebrun, French politician (d. 1950) ·
August 30 – Ernest Rutherford,
New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in
Chemistry (d. 1937) ·
September 1 – J. Reuben Clark, Under Secretary of State
for U.S. President Calvin Coolidge (d. 1961) ·
September 10 – Charles Collett, English Great Western
Railway chief mechanical engineer (d. 1952) ·
September 17 – Eivind Astrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer
(d. 1895) ·
September 19 – Frederick Ruple, Swiss-born American
portrait painter (d. 1938) ·
September 24 – Lottie Dod, English athlete (d. 1960) ·
September 26 – Winsor McCay, American cartoonist, animator
(d. 1934) ·
September 27 – Grazia Deledda, Italian writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1936) ·
September 28 – Pietro Badoglio, Italian general, prime
minister (d. 1956) ·
October 2 – Cordell Hull, United
States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1955) ·
October 19 – Walter Bradford
Cannon, American physiologist (d. 1945) ·
Harriet Boyd Hawes,
American archaeologist (d. 1945) ·
Johan Oscar Smith,
Norwegian Christian leader, founder of the Brunstad Christian
Church (d. 1943) ·
October 17 – Dénes Berinkey,
21st Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1944) ·
October 25 – John Gough, British general, Victoria Cross
recipient (d. 1915) ·
Buck Freeman, American baseball player
(d. 1949) ·
Paul Valéry, French poet (d. 1945) ·
November 1 – Stephen Crane, American writer (d. 1900) ·
November 3 – Albert Goldthorpe,
English rugby league footballer (d. 1943) ·
November 23 – William
Watt, Australian politician, Premier of Victoria (d. 1946) ·
December 9 – Joe Kelley, American Baseball
Hall of Famer (d. 1943) ·
December 13 – Emily Carr, Canadian artist (d. 1945) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Sevasti Qiriazi, Albanian educator, women's
rights activist (d. 1949) ·
Qiu Yufang, Chinese revolutionary, writer
and feminist (d. 1904) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 8 – José Trinidad
Cabañas, Honduran general, president and national hero (b. 1805) ·
January 13 – Kawakami Gensai, Japanese swordsman of
the Bakumatsu period (b. 1834) ·
January 15 – Edward C. Delavan, American temperance
movement leader (b. 1793) ·
January 19 – Sir William Denison, Governor of New South
Wales (b. 1804) ·
January 25 – Jeanne
Villepreux-Power, French marine biologist (b. 1794) ·
February 10 – Étienne
Constantin de Gerlache, 1st Prime Minister of Belgium (b. 1785) ·
February 12 – Alice Cary, American poet, sister of Phoebe
Cary (b. 1820) ·
February 20 – Paul Kane, Irish-born painter (b. 1810) ·
February 22 – Sir
Charles Shaw, British army officer and police commissioner
(b. 1795) ·
March – Emma Fürstenhoff,
Swedish florist (b. 1802) ·
March 18 – Augustus De Morgan,
English professor of mathematics, mathematician (b. 1806) ·
April 7 ·
Prince
Alexander John of Wales (b. April 6, prematurely) ·
April 7 – Wilhelm von
Tegetthoff, Austrian admiral (b. 1827) ·
April 25 – Jane Clouson, teenaged British murder victim
(b. 1854) ·
May 11 – John Herschel, English astronomer (b. 1792) ·
May 12 – Elzéar-Henri
Juchereau Duchesnay, Canadian politician (b. 1809) ·
May 18 – Constance Trotti, Belgian salonniére,
culture patron (b. 1800) ·
May 23 – Jarosław
Dąbrowski, Polish general (b. 1836) ·
June 9 – Anna Atkins, British botanist (b. 1799) July–December[edit]
·
July 5 – Cristina
Trivulzio Belgiojoso, Italian noble, patriot, writer and
journalist (b. 1808) ·
July 15 – Tad Lincoln, youngest son of American
President Abraham Lincoln (b. 1853) ·
July 31 – Phoebe Cary, American poet, sister to Alice
Cary (b. 1824) ·
August 9 – John
Paterson, politician in the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
(b. 1831) ·
September 16 – Jan Erazim Vocel, Czech poet, archaeologist,
historian and cultural revivalist (b. 1803) ·
September 20 – John Coleridge
Patteson, Anglican bishop, missionary (martyred) (b. 1827) ·
September 21 – Charlotte Elliott,
English hymnwriter (b. 1789) ·
September 23 – Louis-Joseph
Papineau, Canadian politician (b. 1786) ·
October 4 – Sarel Cilliers, Voortrekker leader, preacher (b. 1801) ·
October 7 – Sir John Burgoyne,
British field marshal (b. 1782) ·
October 16 – Martha
Hooper Blackler Kalopothakes, American missionary, journalist,
translator (b. 1830) ·
October 18 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician,
inventor (b. 1791) ·
November 2 – Athalia Schwartz, Danish writer, journalist
and educator (b. 1821) ·
November 22 – Oscar James Dunn, Lieutenant Governor of
Louisiana (b. 1825) ·
December 21 – Luise Aston, German author, feminist
(b. 1814) ·
December 28 – John Henry Pratt, English clergyman,
mathematician (b. 1809) References[edit] 1.
^ BBC History, July 2011, p12 2.
^ Businger, Steven; M. P. Nogelmeier; P. W. U. Chinn;
T. Schroeder (2018). "Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers
Illuminate an 1871 Storm". Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 99 (2):
137–47. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0333.1. 3.
^ Businger, Steven; Nogelmeier, M. Puakea; Chinn,
Pauline W. U.; Schroeder, Thomas (1 February 2018). "Hurricane with a History: Hawaiian Newspapers
Illuminate an 1871 Storm". Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society. 99 (1): 137–147. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0333.1.
Retrieved 10 April 2018. 4.
^ Edward Joesting, Kauai: The Separate Kingdom (University
of Hawaii Press, 1988) p171 5.
^ John Taliaferro, In a Far Country: The True
Story of a Mission, a Marriage, a Murder, and the Remarkable Reindeer Rescue
of 1898 (PublicAffairs, 2007) p179 6.
^ Mitchell Snay, Horace Greeley and the Politics
of Reform in Nineteenth-Century America (Rowman & Littlefield,
2011) p172 7.
^ "1871 Java - Port Darwin Cable". History
of the Atlantic Cable & Undersea Communications. 2014-11-05. Archived from the original on January
6, 2015. Retrieved 2015-01-03. 8.
^ Stanley, Henry Morton (1872). How I Found
Livingstone - Travels, Adventures, and Discoveries in Central Africa;
Including Four Months' Residence with Dr. Livingstone(1984 ed.). Crown
Buildings, 188 Fleet Street, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Low, and Searle.
p. 412. ISBN 9780705415132. ·
Appleton's
Annual Cyclopedia...for 1871 (1873), comprehensive collection of facts online edition |
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