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1873 (MDCCCLXXIII)
was a common year starting
on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1873rd year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 873rd
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 73rd year of the 19th century,
and the 4th year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1873, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 6Further reading
and year books Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
Japan adopts the
Gregorian calendar. ·
The California Penal
Code goes into effect. ·
January 17 – American Indian Wars – Modoc War – First
Battle of the Stronghold: Modoc Indians defeat the United States
Army. ·
February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I,
and proclaims the First Spanish
Republic. ·
Emilio Castelar, the former foreign
minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. ·
The Coinage Act of 1873 in
the United States is signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant; coming into effect
on April 1, it ends bimetallism in the U.S., and places the
country on the gold standard. ·
The University of
California opens its first medical school in San Francisco. ·
British
Naval Officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, and claims the land for
Britain. ·
March 3 – Censorship: The United States
Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it illegal to send any
"obscene, lewd, or lascivious" books through the mail. ·
March 4 – Ulysses S. Grant is sworn
in for a second term, as President of the United States. ·
March 15 – The Phi Sigma Kappa Fraternity is founded
at the Massachusetts
Agricultural College. ·
March 22 – Emancipation Day for Puerto Rico: Slaves are freed (with a few
exceptions). ·
March 29 – The Rio Tinto Company is
formed in Spain, following the February 17 purchase of the Rio Tinto
Mine from the Spanish government, by a British investment group. April–June[edit] ·
April 1 – British ocean liner RMS Atlantic sinks
off Nova Scotia,
killing 547. ·
April 4 – The Kennel Club, the world's first kennel club, is founded in the United
Kingdom. ·
April 15–17 – American Indian Wars:
The Second Battle of the Stronghold is fought. ·
April 19 – In Richmond, Rhode
Island, 11 people perish in a train derailment, due to a bridge
washout in the village of Richmond Switch (now Wood
River Junction). ·
May –
Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at
an Illinois county fair, which is taken up
by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, who invent a machine to
mass-produce it. ·
May 5 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Eraul: Carlists under General Dorregaray defeat Republicans at
Eraul, near Estella. ·
May 9 ·
Der
Gründerkrach: The Wiener Börse (Vienna stock exchange) crash in Austria-Hungary ends the Gründerzeit, and heralds the
global Panic of 1873 and Long Depression. ·
The
Battle of Montejurra at Navarra, Spain, is fought during the Third Carlist War. ·
May 20 ·
Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive
United States patent#139121, for
using copper rivets to strengthen the pockets
of denim work pants. Levi Strauss & Co. begin
manufacturing the famous Levi's brand of jeans,
using fabric from the Amoskeag
Manufacturing Company in Manchester, New
Hampshire. ·
In Chipping Norton, England, rioters attempt to
free the Ascott Martyrs –16
women sentenced to imprisonment, for attempting to dissuade strikebreakers. ·
May 23 ·
The
Canadian Parliament establishes the North-West
Mounted Police (which is renamed the Royal
Canadian Mounted Police in 1920). ·
The Preakness Stakes horse race is run for
the first time in Baltimore. ·
May 27 ·
Classical
archaeologist Heinrich Schliemann discovers Priam's Treasure. ·
May 28 ·
C.
Laan brings order to the chaos created by the dockworker riots of Tripoli, Lebanon. ·
The
city of Khiva falls to Imperial Russian forces, under the
command of General Konstantin von
Kaufman. ·
June 4 – American Indian Wars:
The Modoc War ends with the capture
of Kintpuash (Captain Jack). ·
June 9 – Alexandra Palace in London is destroyed
by fire, only a fortnight after its opening. July–September[edit] ·
July –
The end of the war between the United Kingdom and Ghana's King Kofi KariKari, who is involved
in the trading of slaves, leads to the
establishment of the Gold Coast
Colony. ·
July 1 – Prince Edward Island joins
the Canadian
Confederation. ·
July 5 – New Rush in Griqualand West, South Africa is renamed Kimberley.[1] ·
July 9 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Alpens: Campaigning in Catalonia, a government column under General
José Cabrinety is ambushed at Alpens, 15 miles east of Berga, by Carlist
forces under General Francisco Savalls. After heavy fighting, with Cabrinety
killed, virtually the entire column of 800 men is killed or captured. ·
July 17 – Richard
Southey becomes the first Lieutenant-Governor of Griqualand West.[2] ·
July 21 – At Adair, Iowa, Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang pull
off the first successful train robbery in the American Old West (US$3,000
from the Rock Island Express). ·
July 22 – Sir Benjamin Pine becomes Lieutenant-governor of
the Colony of Natal. ·
August 4 – American Indian Wars:
While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the Seventh Cavalry,
under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong
Custer, clashes for the first time with the Sioux, near the Tongue River (only
1 man on each side is killed). ·
August 12 – A peace treaty is signed
between Imperial Russia and
the Khanate of Khiva,
making the khanate a Russian protectorate. ·
August 30 – The Austro-Hungarian
North Pole Expedition discovers Franz Josef Land.[3] ·
September 15 – The International
Meteorological Organization (IMO) is established. ·
September 16 – German troops leave
France, upon completion of payment of indemnity for the Franco-Prussian War. ·
September 17 – The Ohio Agricultural
and Mechanical College, later Ohio State
University, opens its doors with 25 students, including 2 women. ·
September 18 – The New York stock
market crash triggers the Panic of 1873, part of the Long Depression. ·
September 25 – Classes begin at Drury University in Springfield,
Missouri. October–December[edit] ·
October – The Long Depression begins in the United
States. ·
The County Carlow
Football Club (rugby union) is founded in Ireland. ·
Third Carlist War –
Battle of Mañeru: In continued campaigning in Navarre, Spanish Republican
General Domingo Moriones meets a Carlist force under Nicolás Ollo at Mañeru, near Puente de la Reina, in a
hard-fought but indecisive action. While both sides claim victory, the
Carlists are said to have had the advantage, and a month later Moriones is
repulsed in a costly assault further west, against Estella. ·
November 6 – The Halifax Rugby League Club is founded. ·
Alexander
Mackenzie becomes the second Prime Minister
of Canada. ·
Third Carlist War –
Battle of Montejurra: Determined to recapture the key city of Estella in Navarre, Spanish Republican
General Domingo Moriones advances on the Carlists under General Joaquín Elío
at nearby Montejurra. After
very heavy fighting both sides claim victory, but Moriones withdraws, and
Estella remains in Carlist hands. Don Carlos is present in the front line. ·
November 17 – Budapest, Hungary's capital, is formed
from Pest, Buda and Óbuda. ·
November 18–21 – Irish Home Rule
movement: The Home
Government Association reconstitutes itself as the Home Rule League. ·
November 22 – SS Ville du
Havre, on passage from New York to France, collides with
Scottish 3-masted iron clipper Loch Earn and sinks in 12
minutes with the loss of 226 lives. ·
December – Major Walter Clopton
Wingfield designs and patents a racquet sport,
which he calls sphairistike (Greek σφάίρίστική,
"skill at playing at ball"), soon known simply as Stické, for the amusement of his guests
at a garden party on his estate of Nantclwyd, in Llanelidan, Wales. ·
December 15 – Women of Fredonia, New York march
against the retail liquor dealers in town, to inaugurate the Woman's Crusade
of 1873–74. ·
December 16 – The Heineken Brewery is founded in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. ·
December 19 (December 7 OS) – Pyotr Ilyich
Tchaikovsky's fantasia The Tempest,
composed between August and October, is premiered, in Moscow. ·
December 21 – Francis Garnier is attacked
outside Hanoi by Black Flag mercenaries fighting for
the Vietnamese. ·
December 22 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Bocairente: Campaigning in Valenica, Spanish Republican
General Valeriano Weyler is
attacked at Bocairente, northwest of Alcoy, by a greatly superior Carlist
force under General José Santés. Weyler is initially driven back, losing some
of his guns, but in a brilliant counter-attack he turns defeat into victory,
and Santés is heavily repulsed and forced to withdraw. ·
December 23 – The Woman's
Christian Temperance Union is founded, in Hillsboro, Ohio. ·
December 27 – Third Carlist War –
Siege of Bilbao (until 2 May 1874):
Campaigning in Navarre, Pretender Don
Carlos VII and General Joaquín Elío besiege Bilbao, held by General Ignacio del Castillo
and 1,200 men. The Carlist force is ten times this number, and includes most
of the troops from Navarre, Vizcaya and Álava, although a considerable force is left
in Guipúzcoa. Despite defeat at nearby Somorrostro, Republican commander
Marshal Francisco
Serrano, supported by Generals Manuel de la Concha and Arsenio
Martínez-Campos, brilliantly breaks the siege, and Concha then
marches on Estella. Date unknown[edit] ·
The League of
the Three Emperors is created. It links the conservative
monarchs of Austria-Hungary,
the German Empire and
the Russian Empire in
an alliance against radical movements. ·
Founding
of: ·
Toronto Argonauts,
the oldest professional sports team still playing in North America. ·
Royal
Montreal Club in Montreal, the first
permanent golf club in North America. ·
Liebig's
Extract of Meat Company begins producing tinned corned beef, sold under the label Fray Bentos, from the town in Uruguay where it is processed. ·
Coors Brewing
Company begins making beer in Golden, Colorado. ·
The Swedish arms company Aktiebolaget (AB)
Bofors-Gullspång, better known as Bofors, is founded. ·
DDT is
first synthesized. ·
In Mexico, the Veracruz–Mexico
City railroad is completed. ·
Nine Pekin ducks are
imported to Long Island (the
first in the United States). ·
The Married
Woman's Property Rights Association is founded in Sweden. Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
January 2 – Thérèse of Lisieux,
Catholic saint, mystic (d. 1897) ·
January 4 – Blanche Walsh, American stage, screen
actress (d. 1915) ·
January 7 – Adolph Zukor, Austrian-born film studio
pioneer (d. 1976) ·
Iuliu Maniu, Romanian politician (d. 1953) ·
Grace Van Studdiford,
American stage actress, opera singer (d. 1927) ·
January 9 – Thomas Curtis, American athlete (d. 1944) ·
January 10 – George Orton, Canadian athlete (d. 1958) ·
January 12 – Spyridon Louis, Greek runner (d. 1940) ·
January 20 – Johannes V. Jensen,
Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1950) ·
January 28 – Colette, French writer (d. 1954) ·
January 29 – Prince
Luigi Amedeo, Duke of the Abruzzi, Italian mountaineer, explorer
and admiral (d. 1933) ·
January 30 – Vassily Balabanov,
administrator, Provincial Governor of Imperial Russia (d. 1947) ·
January 31 – Melitta Bentz, German entrepreneur who
invented the coffee filter in 1908 (d. 1950) ·
February 2 – Maurice Tourneur, French film director
(d. 1961) ·
Hugh
Trenchard, British military aviation pioneer (d. 1956) ·
Karl Jatho, German aviation pioneer
(d. 1933) ·
Étienne Desmarteau,
Canadian athlete (d. 1905) ·
Joel R. P. Pringle,
American admiral (d. 1932) ·
February 7 – Thomas
Andrews, Irish shipbuilder (d. 1912) ·
February 13 – Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass opera singer
(d. 1938) ·
February 15 – Hans von
Euler-Chelpin, German-born chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1964) ·
February 19 – Louis Feuillade, French film director
(d. 1925) ·
February 25 – Enrico Caruso, Italian tenor (d. 1921) ·
March 3 – William
Green, American labor leader (d. 1952) ·
March 8 – Anna Held, French actress (d. 1918) ·
March 11 – David Horsley, English-born film executive
(d. 1933) ·
March 13 – Léon Delagrange,
French sculptor, pioneer aviator (d. 1910) ·
March 19 – Max Reger, German composer (d. 1916) ·
March 29 – Billy Quirk, American actor (d. 1926) April–June[edit] ·
April 1 (N.S.)/March 20 (O.S.) – Sergei Rachmaninoff,
Russian composer, pianist (d. 1943) ·
April 4 – Gyula Peidl, 23rd Prime Minister of Hungary
(d. 1943) ·
April 7 – John McGraw, American baseball player,
manager (d. 1934) ·
April 10 ·
Kyösti Kallio, Prime Minister and President of Finland (d. 1940) ·
Ingeborg Rönnblad,
Swedish actress (d. 1915) ·
April 13 – John W. Davis, American politician,
diplomat, and lawyer (d. 1955) ·
April 19 – Sydney Barnes, English cricketer (d. 1967) ·
April 20 – Gombojab Tsybikov,
Russian explorer (d. 1930) ·
April 22 – Ellen Glasgow, American writer (d. 1945) ·
April 23 – Theodor
Körner, President of Austria (d. 1957) ·
April 25 ·
Walter de la Mare,
English poet, short story writer and novelist (d. 1956) ·
Félix d'Herelle,
French-Canadian microbiologist (d. 1949) ·
May 4 – Joe De Grasse, Canadian film director
(d. 1940) ·
May 5 – Leon Czolgosz, assassin of U.S.
President William McKinley (d. 1901) ·
May 9 – Anton Cermak, Mayor of Chicago (d. 1933) ·
May 17 ·
Henri Barbusse, French novelist, journalist
(d. 1935) ·
Dorothy Richardson,
English feminist writer (d. 1957) ·
May 18 – Lucy Beaumont, English actress (d. 1937) ·
May 21 – Hans Berger, German neurologist (d. 1941) ·
May 28 – D. D. Sheehan, Irish politician (d. 1948) ·
June 3 – Otto Loewi, German-born pharmacologist,
recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1961) ·
June 15 – Leonora Cohen, British suffragette and trade
unionist (d. 1978) ·
June 28 – Alexis Carrel, French surgeon and biologist,
recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1944) ·
June 29 – Monroe Dunaway
(M.D.) Anderson, Founder of Anderson, Clayton and Company;
"Father of Texas Medical Center" (d. 1939) July–September[edit]
·
July 1 ·
Alice Guy-Blaché,
French-American filmmaker (d. 1968) ·
Andrass Samuelsen,
1st Prime Minister of Faroe Islands (d. 1954) ·
July 3 – Prince
Yamashina Kikumaro, Japanese Prince (d. 1908) ·
July 6 – Dimitrios Maximos,
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955) ·
July 8 – Carl Vaugoin, 7th Chancellor of Austria
(d. 1949) ·
July 12 – Oscar von Sydow, 18th Prime Minister of
Sweden (d. 1936) ·
July 20 – Alberto
Santos-Dumont, Brazilian aviation pioneer (suicide) (d. 1932) ·
July 21 – Walter Morley Fletcher,
British physiologist, administrator (d. 1933) ·
July 22 – James Cousins, Irish writer (d. 1956) ·
July 23 – Marie Janson, Belgian politician (d. 1960) ·
August 5 – Joseph Russell
Knowland, American politician, newspaperman (d. 1966) ·
August 10 – William Ernest
Hocking, American philosopher (d. 1966) ·
August 13 – Cornelis
Jacobus Langenhoven, South African author (d. 1932) ·
August 17 – John A. Sampson, American gynecologist
(d. 1946) ·
August 20 – William Henry Bell,
1st director of the South
African College of Music (d. 1946) ·
August 21 – Harry T. Morey, American actor (d. 1936) ·
August 25 – Blanche Bates, American actress (d. 1941) ·
August 26 – Lee de Forest, American inventor (d. 1961) ·
Sir Guy Standing, British actor (d. 1937) ·
Felicija
Bortkevičienė, Lithuanian politician, publisher
(d. 1945) ·
September 5 – Cornelius
Vanderbilt III, American military officer, inventor, engineer
(d. 1942) ·
Sante Geronimo
Caserio, Italian anarchist and assassin (d. 1894) ·
Alfred Jarry, French author and playwright
(d. 1907) ·
David O. McKay, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1970) ·
September 17 – Ibrahim of Johor, Malaysian sultan (d. 1959) ·
Sidney Olcott, Canadian-born pioneer film
director (d. 1949) ·
Ferenc Szisz, Hungarian-born race car driver
(d. 1944) ·
September 21 – Papa Jack Laine, American jazz musician
(d. 1966) ·
September 25 – Fawcet Wray, British admiral (d. 1932) ·
September 26 – Wacław Berent, Polish novelist,
translator (d. 1940) October–December[edit] ·
October 2 – Stephen
Warfield Gambrill, U.S. Congressman for Maryland's 5th
District (d. 1924) ·
October 3 – Emily Post, American etiquette expert
(d. 1960) ·
October 8 – Ma Barker, American criminal (d. 1935) ·
Charles Rudolph
Walgreen, American businessman (d. 1939) ·
Karl Schwarzschild,
German physicist, astronomer (d. 1916) ·
October 13 – Georgios Kafantaris,
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1946) ·
October 14 – Ray Ewry, American athlete (d. 1937) ·
Ivanoe Bonomi, 2-time Prime Minister of
Italy (d. 1951) ·
Harris Laning, American admiral (d. 1941) ·
Jaap Eden, Dutch skater, cyclist (d. 1925) ·
John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965) ·
Thorvald Stauning, Prime Minister
of Denmark (d. 1942) ·
A. K. Fazlul Huq, Bengali statesman
(d. 1962) ·
Dave Gallaher, New Zealand rugby union
football player (d. 1917) ·
Francisco I. Madero,
33rd President of Mexico (d. 1913) ·
November 9 – Fritz Thyssen, German industrialist
(d. 1951) ·
November 16 – W. C. Handy, American blues composer
(d. 1958) ·
November 20 – Ramón Castillo,
Argentinian politician, 25th President of
Argentina (d. 1944) ·
November 22 – Johnny Tyldesley, English cricketer
(d. 1930) ·
November 28 – Frank
Phillips, American oil executive (d. 1950) ·
December 7 – Willa Cather, American novelist (d. 1947) ·
December 11 – Josip Plemelj, Slovenian mathematician
(d. 1967) ·
December 17 – Ford Madox Ford, English writer (d. 1939) ·
December 20 – Kan'ichi Asakawa,
Japanese historian (d. 1948) ·
December 21 – Captain Bertram Dickson, Scottish soldier, explorer
and pioneer aviator; involved in the world's first mid-air collision
(d. 1913) ·
December 26 – Thomas Wass, Nottinghamshire bowler (d. 1953) ·
December 30 – Al Smith, American politician, Democratic
presidential candidate (d. 1944) Date unknown[edit] ·
Thomas Chrostwaite,
American educator (d. 1958) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 9 – Napoleon III, last Emperor of the
French (b. 1808) ·
January 18 – Edward Bulwer-Lytton,
English novelist (b. 1803) ·
January 20 – The Venerable Father Basil Anthony Marie Moreau,
French founder of the Congregation
of Holy Cross (b. 1799) ·
January 23 – Ramalinga Swamigal,
Hindu religious leader (b. 1823) ·
January 26 – Empress Amélie,
consort of Pedro I of Brazil (b. 1812) ·
February 3 – Isaac Baker Brown,
English gynaecologist, surgeon (b. 1811) ·
February 7 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (b. 1814) ·
February 19 – Vasil Levski, Bulgarian revolutionary
(executed) (b. 1837) ·
March 10 – John Torrey, American botanist (b. 1796) ·
March 24 – Mary Ann Cotton, English serial killer (executed) (b. 1832) ·
March 25 – Wilhelm Marstrand,
Danish painter (b. 1810) ·
March 29 – Prince Unakan Ananta
Norajaya Prince of Siam (b. 1856) ·
March 31 – Hugh Maxwell, American lawyer, politician
(b. 1787) ·
April 11 – Edward Canby, American general (b. 1817) ·
April 18 – Justus von Liebig,
German chemist (b. 1803) ·
April 27 – William Charles
Macready, English actor (b. 1793) ·
April 29 – Hortense
Globensky-Prévost, Canadian heroine (b. 1804) ·
May 1 – David Livingstone,
Scottish explorer of Africa (b. 1813) ·
May 5 – Jerónimo Carrión,
8th President of Ecuador (b. 1804) ·
May 6 – José Antonio Páez,
first President of
Venezuela (b. 1790) ·
May 7 – Salmon P. Chase, Chief
Justice of the United States (b. 1808) ·
May 8 – John Stuart Mill, British philosopher
(b. 1806) ·
May 15 – Alexandru Ioan Cuza,
first ruler of Romania (b. 1820) ·
May 20 – George-Étienne
Cartier, Canadian statesman (b. 1814) ·
May 29 – Édouard de Verneuil,
French palaeontologist (b. 1805) ·
June 1 – Joseph Howe, Canadian politician (b. 1804) July–December[edit] ·
July 13 – Caroline Clive, English writer (b. 1801) ·
August 18 – Charles II,
Duke of Brunswick (b. 1804) ·
September 11 – Agustín Fernando Muñoz, 1st Duke of Riánsares, morganatic
husband of Maria
Christina of the Two Sicilies (b. 1808) ·
September 17 – Alexander Berry, Scottish adventurer,
Australian pioneer (b. 1781) ·
September 22 – Friedrich
Frey-Herosé, Swiss Federal Councilor (b. 1801) ·
September 23 – Jean Chacornac, French astronomer (b. 1823) ·
October 5 – William Todd,
American businessman, Canadian Senate nominee (b. 1803) ·
October 9 – George Ormerod, English historian,
antiquarian (b. 1785) ·
October 17 – Robert McClure, British Arctic explorer
(b. 1807) ·
November 8 – Manuel
Bretón de los Herreros, Spanish playwright (b. 1796) ·
Louis Agassiz, Swiss-born geologist,
naturalist (b. 1807) ·
Alexander
Keith, Scottish-born brewer, mayor of Halifax, Nova Scotia
(b. 1795) In fiction[edit] ·
March 1 (or 1877)
– Gilbert and Sullivan's
comic opera The Pirates of
Penzance (1879) is set at this time. ·
The
following are set in this year: ·
Rodgers and
Hammerstein's musical Carousel (1945). ·
Noël Coward's romantic comedy Quadrille (1952). ·
Leah
Napolin and Isaac Bashevis
Singer's play Yentl (1975). ·
Science
fiction Western movie Cowboys & Aliens (2011). References[edit] 1.
^ Roberts, Brian. 1976. Kimberley,
turbulent city. Cape Town: David Philip, p 115 2.
^ The British Empire: Griqualand West Administrators (Accessed
on 16 April 2017) 3.
^ This Day in History Archived December 2, 2013, at the Wayback Machine.. Accessed 22 November 2013. Further reading and year books[edit] ·
1873 Annual Cyclopedia (1874) highly detailed coverage
of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents;
Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture,
and Mechanical Industry" for year 1873; massive compilation of facts and
primary documents; worldwide coverage; 831pp |
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