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1875 (MDCCCLXXV) was
a common year starting
on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar, the 1875th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 875th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 75th year of the 19th century,
and the 6th year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1875, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Further
reading and year books Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 1 – The Midland Railway of England abolishes
the Second Class passenger category, leaving First Class and Third Class.
Other British railway companies follow Midland's lead during the rest of the
year (Third Class is renamed Second Class in 1956). ·
January 5 - The Palais Garnier, one of the most famous opera
houses in the world, is inaugurated in Paris. ·
January 12 – Guangxu becomes the 11th Qing Dynasty Emperor of China at the age of 4, in
succession to his cousin. ·
January 14 – The newly proclaimed
King Alfonso XII of Spain (Queen
Isabella II's son) arrives in Spain to restore the monarchy during the Third Carlist War. ·
February 3 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Lácar: Carlist commander Torcuato Mendíri secures a
brilliant victory, when he surprises and routs a Government force under
General Enrique Bargés at Lácar,
east of Estella, nearly capturing newly crowned King Alfonso XII. The
Carlists take several pieces of artillery, more than 2,000 rifles, and 300
prisoners. 800 men of both sides are killed (mostly government troops). ·
February 18 – The Mason County War begins, as a
German-American mob breaks into a prison, and lynches cattle rustlers in
central Texas. ·
February 21 – Jeanne Calment is born in Arles, France. She will go on to become the
world's oldest
verified person to have ever lived, reaching an age of 122
years and 164 days, before passing away on August 4, 1997 of natural causes. ·
February
p;;'the k, to walk at gunpoint from the Arizona's Verde Valley, to the San
Carlos Apache Indian Reservation, 180 miles to the southeast. The
two tribes are not allowed to return to the Verde Valley until 1900. ·
February 27 – Newton Booth, 11th Governor of
California, resigns, having been elected Senator. Lieutenant
Governor of California Romualdo Pacheco becomes
acting Governor. He is later replaced by elected governor William
Irwin. ·
March 1 – The United States
Congress passes the Civil Rights Act,
which prohibits racial discrimination in public accommodations and jury duty. ·
March 3 ·
Bizet’s Carmen is first performed at
the Opéra-Comique, Paris, France. ·
The first indoor
ice hockey game is played at the Victoria Skating
Rink in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ·
March 15 – Roman
Catholic Archbishop of New York John McCloskey is named the first cardinal in
the United States. April–June[edit] ·
April 10 – The Arya Samaj is
founded in Mumbai by Swami Dayananda Saraswati. ·
April 25 – Ten sophomores from Rutgers College (modern-day
Rutgers University) steal a one-ton cannon from the campus of the College of New
Jersey (modern-day Princeton University), and start the Rutgers–Princeton
Cannon War. ·
May 7 – The Treaty
of Saint Petersburg is signed between Japan and Russia. ·
May 7 – German liner SS Schiller wrecks on the
rocks off the Isles of Scilly, with the loss of 335 lives. ·
May 17 – Aristides wins
the first Kentucky Derby. ·
May 20 – The Metre Convention is
signed in Paris, France. ·
June
– The record-setting American clipper Flying Cloud of 1851 is
burned for scrap metal. ·
June 4 – Two American colleges play
each other in arguably the first game of college football:[1] Tufts University and Harvard University at
Jarvis Field in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. July–September[edit] ·
Summer – Third Carlist War in
Spain: Two government armies under General Quesada and Martínez Campos start
encroaching on Carlist territory. Both they and their Carlist opponent (Mendiri) drive opposing sympathisers
from their homes, and burn crops in areas they can not hold. Several Carlist generals (Dorregaray, Savalls, and
others) are unjustly put on trial for disloyalty. Mendiri
is also removed from his command, and replaced by
the Count of Caserta. Despite having 48 infantry battalions, 3 cavalry
regiments, 2 engineer battalions, and 100 pieces of artillery at his
disposal, Caserta is heavily outnumbered by the government forces opposing
him. ·
July 1 – The General Postal Union is
established. ·
July 1–7 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Treviño: Advancing on the key city of
Vitoria, in Navarre, Spanish Republican commander General Jenardo
de Quesada sends General Tello to attack the Carlist lines just to the
southwest, at Treviño. The newly appointed Carlist
commander General José Pérula is heavily defeated
and withdraws, and soon afterwards Quesada enters Vitoria in triumph. ·
July 24 – The legendary Mohican Base
Ball Club is established in Kennett Square, PA. ·
August 6 – Hibernian F.C. is founded by Irishmen,
in the Cowgate area
of Edinburgh, Scotland.[2] ·
August 25 – Captain Matthew Webb becomes the first person
to swim the English Channel. ·
September 1 – A murder conviction
effectively forces the violent Irish anti-owner coal miners, the Molly Maguires, to disband. ·
September 7 – Battle of Agurdat: An Egyptian invasion of Ethiopia fails, when Emperor Yohannes IV defeats an army led by Werner Munzinger. ·
September – English Association football team Birmingham City F.C. is
founded as Small Heath Alliance
in Birmingham by a group of cricketers from Holy
Trinity Church, Bordesley, playing its first match in November.[3] October–December[edit] ·
October – The Ottoman state declares partial bankruptcy, and places its finances in the
hands of European creditors. ·
October 15 – Chief Lone Horn of the Minneconjou dies
at the Cheyenne River,
leaving his son Big Foot as
the new chief. ·
October 16 – Brigham Young
University is founded in Provo, Utah. ·
October 25 – The first performance of
the Piano
Concerto No. 1 by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is given
in Boston, Massachusetts, with Hans von Bülow as
soloist. ·
October 30 – The Theosophical Society is
founded in New York by Helena Blavatsky, H. S. Olcott, W. Q. Judge,
and others. ·
November 9 – American Indian Wars:
In Washington, D.C., Indian Inspector E.C. Watkins issues a report stating
that hundreds of Sioux and Cheyenne associated with Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse are hostile to the United
States (the Battle of
the Little Bighorn is fought in Montana the next year). ·
November 16 – Battle of Gundat: Ethiopian Emperor Yohannes IV defeats another Egyptian army. ·
November 26 – The Times newspaper in London
reveals that Isma'il Pasha has
sold Egypt's 44% share in the Suez Canal to Britain, in a deal
secured by Benjamin Disraeli,
without the prior sanction of the British Parliament. ·
December 4 – Notorious New York City
politician Boss Tweed escapes
from prison and flees to Cuba, then to Spain. ·
December 5–6 – German emigrant ship SS Deutschland runs
aground in the English Channel,
resulting in the death of 157 passengers and crew.[4] ·
December 9 – The Massachusetts Rifle
Association, America's Oldest Active Gun Club, is formed. ·
December 20 – The ICRM is renamed the International
Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC). ·
December 25 – The first Edinburgh derby in Association football is
played: Heart of
Midlothian F.C. wins 1–0 against Hibernian F.C. Date unknown[edit] ·
Asia's
first stock exchange is
established as The Native Share & Stock Brokers Association,
(the modern-day Bombay Stock
Exchange). ·
Wimbledon:
Henry Cavendish Jones convinces the All England Croquet Club to
replace a croquet court with a lawn tennis court. ·
The Artisans' and Labourers'
Dwellings Improvement Act 1875 is passed in the United
Kingdom, to permit slum clearance. ·
Widespread
nationalist rebellion in the Ottoman Empire results in Turkish repression,
Russian intervention and Great Power tensions. ·
Convent
Scandal: During the winter in Montreal, typhoid fever strikes at a convent school. The corpses of the victims
are filched by body-snatchers before
relatives arrive from America, causing much furor.[5] Eventually
the Anatomy Act of Quebec is changed over it.[6] ·
The
opening of Flushing High School,
the oldest public high school in New York City. ·
Tanaka
Manufacturing, a telecommunications factory in Ginza, Tokyo, a predecessor of Toshiba, a Japanese giant electromechanics is founded.[7] Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 3 – Alexandros Diomidis, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1950) ·
J. Stuart Blackton, American film producer (d. 1941) ·
Matilda Alice
Williams, Methodist deaconess (d. 1973) ·
January 6 – Leslie Green, British architect (d. 1908) ·
January 7 – Thomas Hicks,
American runner (d. 1952) ·
January 9 – Gertrude
Vanderbilt Whitney, American sculptor, socialite (d. 1942) ·
January 11 – Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956) ·
Felix Hamrin, 22nd
Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1937) ·
Albert Schweitzer,
Alsatian philosopher and musician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1965) ·
January 15 – Thomas Burke,
American sprinter (d. 1929) ·
January 22 – D. W. Griffith, American film director,
known for directing The Birth of a
Nation (d. 1948) ·
Horace B. Carpenter,
American actor (d. 1945) ·
Arthur Andrew
Cipriani, Trinidad and Tobago labour
leader (d. 1945) ·
February 1 – Eddie Polo, Austrian-American actor
(d. 1961) ·
February 2 – Fritz Kreisler, Austrian violinist (d. 1962) ·
February 4 – Ludwig Prandtl, German physicist (d. 1953) ·
February 7 – Erkki Melartin,
Finnish composer (d. 1937) ·
February 8 – Valentine O'Hara,
Irish author, authority on Russia and the Baltic states (d. 1945) ·
February 15 – Grigore Constantinescu, Romanian priest,
journalist (d. 1932) ·
February 21 – Jeanne Calment, French supercentenarian,
world's longest lived person (d. 1997) ·
February 26 – Emma Dunn, British-born stage, screen
actress (d. 1966) ·
March 4 ·
Mihály Károlyi, Prime Minister and President of Hungary (d. 1955) ·
Suze Groeneweg,
Dutch politician (d. 1940) ·
March 7 – Maurice Ravel, French composer (d. 1937) ·
March 8 – Kenkichi Ueda,
Japanese general (d. 1962) ·
March 9 – Juan de Dios
Martínez, 23rd President of Ecuador (d. 1955) ·
March 26 – Syngman Rhee, President of
South Korea (d. 1965) ·
March 28 – Helen Westley, American stage, film actress
(d. 1942) ·
April 1 – Edgar Wallace, English author (d. 1932) ·
April 2 – Walter Chrysler, American automobile pioneer
(d. 1940) ·
April 4 ·
Samuel S. Hinds, American actor (d. 1948) ·
Pierre Monteux, French conductor (d. 1964) ·
April 5 – Mistinguett, French singer (d. 1956) ·
April 8 – King Albert I of Belgium (d. 1934) ·
April 15 – James J. Jeffries,
American boxer (d. 1953) ·
April 18 – Oskar Ernst
Bernhardt (Abdruschin),
German author (d. 1941) ·
May 2 – Owen Roberts, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1955) ·
May 6 – William D. Leahy, American admiral (d. 1959) ·
May 7 – Ernst Friedberger, German immunologist, hygienist
(d. 1932) ·
May 11 – Harriet Quimby, American pilot (d. 1912) ·
May 12 ·
Krishna Chandra
Bhattacharya, Indian philosopher (d. 1949) ·
Charles Holden, British architect (d. 1960) ·
May 23 – Alfred
Pritchard Sloan, Jr., American automobile industrialist (d. 1966) ·
June 4 – Albert E.
Smith, English stage magician, film director and producer
(d. 1958) ·
June 6 ·
J. Farrell MacDonald,
American character actor, film director (d. 1952) ·
Thomas Mann, German writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1955) ·
June 9 – Henry Hallett Dale,
English pharmacologist and physiologist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1968) ·
June 12 – Sam De Grasse, Canadian actor (d. 1953) ·
June 24 – Diedrich Westermann,
German linguist (d. 1956) ·
June 25 – William V. Mong,
American film actor, screenwriter and director (d. 1940) ·
June 28 – Henri Lebesgue, French mathematician
(d. 1941) July–December[edit]
Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis
·
July 1 – Joseph Weil, American con man (d. 1976) ·
July 3 ·
Tanxu, Chinese Buddhist monk
(d. 1963) ·
Ferdinand Sauerbruch, German surgeon (d. 1951) ·
July 7 – Vincent Tancred, South African cricketer
(d. 1904) ·
July 10 ·
Dezső Pattantyús-Ábrahám, Hungarian politician
(d. 1973) ·
Mary McLeod Bethune,
American educator (d. 1955) ·
July 15 – Francis Pierlot,
American actor (d. 1955) ·
July 25 – Jim Corbett, Anglo-Indian hunter,
conservationist and author (d. 1955) ·
July 26 ·
Carl Jung, Swiss psychiatrist (d. 1961) ·
Antonio Machado, Spanish poet (d. 1939) ·
August 8 – Arthur Bernardes,
12th President of Brazil (d. 1955) ·
August 15 – Samuel
Coleridge-Taylor, English composer (d. 1912) ·
August 16 – Juho Sunila,
Prime Minister of Finland (d. 1936) ·
August 21 – Winnifred Eaton,
Canadian author (d. 1954) ·
August 26 – John Buchan, Scottish-Canadian historian and
politician, 15th Governor
General of Canada (d. 1940) ·
August 27 – Katharine McCormick,
American suffragist (d. 1967) ·
August 29 – Leonardo De Lorenzo,
Italian flautist (d. 1962) ·
September 1 – Edgar Rice Burroughs,
American author (d. 1950) ·
September 3 – Ferdinand Porsche,
Austrian automotive engineer (d. 1951) ·
September 16 – James Cash Penney,
American businessman, founder of J. C. Penney (d. 1971) ·
Tomás Burgos, Chilean philanthropist
(d. 1945) ·
Arthur
Henry Knighton-Hammond, British water-colourist
(d. 1970) ·
September 22 – Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis,
Lithuanian composer (d. 1911) ·
October
– George Ranetti,
Romanian poet, publicist (d. 1928) ·
October 1 – Eugeen Van Mieghem, Belgian painter
(d. 1930) ·
October 12 – Aleister Crowley,
British occultist (d. 1947) ·
October 23 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946) ·
October 26 – H. B. Warner, English stage, screen actor
(d. 1958) ·
October 31 – Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel,
Indian political leader (Iron Man of India) (d. 1950) ·
November 8 – Qiu Jin,
Chinese revolutionary, writer and feminist (d. 1907) ·
November 14 – Gregorio del Pilar,
Filipino general (d. 1899) ·
Myron Grimshaw, American baseball player
(d. 1936) ·
Otto Strandman,
1st Prime Minister of Estonia (d. 1941) ·
December 4 – Rainer Maria Rilke,
Austrian poet (d. 1926) ·
December 5 – Arthur Currie, Canadian general (d. 1933) ·
December 6 – Evelyn Underhill, British writer (d. 1941) ·
December 11 – Yehuda Leib Maimon, Bassarabian-born Israeli rabbi, government minister
(d. 1962) ·
December 12 – Gerd von Rundstedt,
German field marshal (d. 1953) ·
December 15 – Emilio Jacinto, Filipino poet, revolutionary
(d. 1899) ·
December 19 – Mileva Marić,
Albert Einstein's first wife (d. 1948) ·
December 24 – Otto Ender, 8th Chancellor of Austria
(d. 1960) ·
December 25 – Theodor Innitzer,
Austrian Catholic cardinal (d. 1955) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 12 – Tongzhi Emperor,
8th emperor of Qing dynasty (b. 1856) ·
January 20 – Jean-François Millet,
French painter (b. 1814) ·
January 23 – Charles Kingsley, English writer (b. 1819) ·
Jean-Baptiste-Camille
Corot, French painter (b. 1796) ·
Sir Charles Lyell, British geologist (b. 1797) ·
March 1 – Tristan Corbière, French poet (b. 1845) ·
April 4 – Karl Mauch, German
explorer (b. 1837) ·
April 25 – the 12th Dalai Lama (b. 1857) ·
May 17 – John C. Breckinridge, 14th Vice
President of the United States, Confederate
States Secretary of War (b. 1821) ·
May 20 – Amalia of Oldenburg,
Greek queen (b. 1818) ·
May 31 – Eliphas Lévi,
French occult author, magician (b. 1810) ·
June 2 – Józef Kremer, Polish philosopher (b. 1806) ·
June 3 – Georges Bizet, French composer (b. 1838) ·
June 4 – Eduard Mörike,
German poet (b. 1804) ·
June 25 – Antoine-Louis Barye,
French sculptor (b. 1796) ·
June 29 – Ferdinand I of
Austria, Emperor of Austria (b. 1793) July–December[edit]
Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy ·
July 8 – Francis Preston
Blair Jr., American politician, Civil War officer (b. 1821) ·
July 29 – Paschal Beverly
Randolph, American occultist (b. 1825) ·
July 30 – George Pickett, American Confederate General
(b. 1825) ·
July 31 – Andrew Johnson, 17th President
of the United States (b. 1808) ·
August 4 – Hans Christian
Andersen, Danish writer (b. 1805) ·
August 6 – Gabriel García
Moreno, former President of Ecuador (b. 1821) ·
August 10 – Karl Andree, German geographer (b. 1808) ·
August 11 – William
Alexander Graham, United States
Senator from North Carolina, (1840-1843), Confederate
States Senator (1864-1865) (b. 1804) ·
August 12 – János Kardos, Hungarian Slovenes evangelic
priest, teacher and writer (b. 1801) ·
August 17 – Wilhelm Bleek,
German linguist (b. 1827) ·
September 22 – Charles Bianconi,
Italian-Irish entrepreneur (b. 1786) ·
October 10 – Aleksey Konstantinovich Tolstoy, Russian writer
(b. 1817) ·
October 12 – Jean-Baptiste
Carpeaux, French sculptor, painter (b. 1827) ·
October 15 – Chief Lone Horn, Native American Chief (b. 1790) ·
October 19 – Sir Charles Cowper, Australian
politician, Premier of New
South Wales (b. 1807) ·
October 24 – Jacques Paul Migne, French priest, theologian, and
publisher (b. 1800) ·
November 7 – Werner Munzinger,
Swiss adventurer (b. 1832) ·
December 17 – Birgitte Andersen, Danish stage actor and ballerin (b. 1791) ·
November 22 – Henry Wilson, 18th Vice
President of the United States (b. 1812) ·
November 24 – William
Backhouse Astor, Sr., American businessman (b. 1792) ·
December 25 – Young Tom Morris, Scottish golfer (b. 1851) References[edit] 1.
^ Smith, Ronald A. (1988). Sports and Freedom: The
Rise of Big-Time College Athletics. New York: Oxford University Press. 2.
^ "The Origins of Hibernian - Part 1". Hibernian
FC: The Official Website. 2009-08-11. Retrieved 2014-02-27. 3.
^ "The Early Years 1875-1904" (PDF). When Football Was Football.
Haynes. Retrieved 2015-01-03. 4.
^ This inspires Gerard Manley
Hopkins' poem The Wreck of
the Deutschland, not published until 1918. 5.
^ Gordon, Richard (1994). The Alarming History of
Medicine. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 12. ISBN 0-312-10411-1. 6.
^ History of Medicine Days Archived June 15, 2004, at the Wayback Machine., p. 132. 7.
^ [[1]] (Japanese language edition) Retribute
date on 4 December, 2018. Further reading and year books[edit] ·
1875 Annual Cyclopedia (1876) highly detailed coverage
of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents;
Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture,
and Mechanical Industry" for year 1875; massive compilation of facts and
primary documents; worldwide coverage; 801pp |
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