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1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) was
a common year starting
on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1885th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 885th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 85th year of the 19th century,
and the 6th year of the 1880s decade. As of
the start of 1885, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit]
Feb. 21: Washington Monumentdedicated. ·
January 3–4 – Sino-French War – Battle of Núi Bop:
French troops under General Oscar de Négrier defeat
a numerically superior Qing Chinese force, in northern Vietnam. ·
January 4 – The first successful appendectomy is performed by Dr.
William W. Grant, on Mary Gartside. ·
January 17 – Mahdist War in Sudan – Battle of Abu Klea:
British troops defeat Mahdist forces. ·
January 20 – American inventor LaMarcus Adna
Thompson patents a roller coaster. ·
January 24 – Irish terrorists
damage Westminster Hall and
the Tower of London with
dynamite.[1] ·
January 26 – Mahdist War in Sudan: Troops loyal
to Mahdi Muhammad Ahmad conquer Khartoum; British commander Charles George
Gordon is killed.[2] ·
February 5 – King Léopold II of
Belgium establishes the Congo Free State, as a personal possession. ·
February 7 – The play La vida
alegre y muerte triste by dramatist José Echegaray opens. ·
February 9 – The first Japanese arrive
in Hawaii. ·
February 16 – Charles Dow publishes the first edition
of the Dow Jones
Industrial Average. The index stood at a level of 62.76, and
represented the dollar average of 14 stocks: 12 railroads and two leading
American industries.[3] ·
February 21 – United States
President Chester A. Arthur dedicates
the Washington Monument. ·
Sino-French War – Battle of Đồng Đăng:
France gains an important victory over China, in the Tonkin region of modern-day Vietnam. ·
An
English executioner fails after several attempts to hang John Babbacombe Lee,
sentenced for the murder of his employer Emma Keyse; Lee's sentence is
commuted to life imprisonment. ·
February 26 – The final act of
the Berlin Conference regulates
European colonization and trade, in the scramble for Africa.[2] ·
February 28 – February concludes
without having a full moon. ·
March 3 – A subsidiary of the American
Bell Telephone Company, American
Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T), is incorporated in New
York. ·
March 4 – Grover Cleveland is sworn
in, as the 22nd President of the United States. ·
March 7 – The Roman
Catholic Archdiocese of Madrid is founded. ·
March 14 – Gilbert and Sullivan's
comic opera The Mikado opens,
at the Savoy Theatre in
London.[4] ·
March 26 ·
Prussian deportations:
The Prussian government, motivated by Otto von Bismarck,
expels all ethnic Poles and Jews without German citizenship from Prussia. ·
The North-West Rebellion in
Canada by the Métis people,
led by Louis Riel, begins
with the Battle of Duck Lake. ·
First
legal cremation in England: Mrs Jeannette C.
Pickersgill of London, "well known in literary and scientific
circles",[5] is
cremated by the Cremation Society at Woking, Surrey. ·
March 30 – The Battle for Kushka triggers
the Panjdeh Incident,
which nearly gives rise to war between the British Empire and Russian Empire. ·
March 31 – The United Kingdom
establishes the Bechuanaland
Protectorate.[6] April–June[edit] ·
April 2 – Frog Lake Massacre: Cree warriors
led by Wandering
Spirit kill 9 settlers at Frog Lake in
the Northwest
Territories. ·
April 3 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German
patent, for his single-cylinder water-cooled engine design. ·
April 11 – Luton Town Football Club is created by
the merger of (Luton) Wanderers F.C. and Luton Excelsior F.C. in England. ·
April 14 – Sino-French War: A French victory at Kép causes China to withdraw its forces
from Tonkin, in the final engagement of the
conflict. ·
April 30 – A bill is signed in the New
York State legislature, forming the Niagara Falls State Park. ·
May 2 ·
Good Housekeeping magazine goes on sale for the first
time in the United States. ·
North-West Rebellion – Battle of Cut Knife: Cree and Assiniboine warriors win their largest
victory over Canadian forces. ·
The Congo Free State is established, by
King Léopold II of
Belgium. ·
May 9–12 – North-West Rebellion – Battle of Batoche:
Canadian government forces inflict a decisive defeat on Métisrebels,
bringing an end to their part in the rebellion. ·
May 19 – After a three-month legislative battle in
the Illinois
General Assembly, John A. Logan is re-elected to
the United States Senate. ·
May 20 – The first public train
departs Swanage railway
station, on the newly built Swanage Railway in England. ·
June 3 – Battle of Loon Lake:
The Canadian North-West
Mounted Police and allies force a party of Plains Cree warriors
to surrender in the last skirmish of the North-West Rebellion,
and the last battle fought on Canadian soil. ·
June 17 – The Statue of Liberty arrives
in New York Harbor. ·
June 23 – Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury,
becomes Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom. ·
June 24 – Randolph
Churchill becomes Secretary of
State for India. July–September[edit] ·
July 6 – Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux successfully test
their rabies vaccine.
The patient is Joseph Meister,
a boy who was bitten by a rabid dog. ·
July 14 – Sarah E. Goode is the first
African-American woman to apply for and receive a patent, for the invention of the hideaway
bed. ·
July 15 – The Reservation at Niagara Falls opens, enabling access to
all for free. Thomas V. Welch is
the first Superintendent of the Park. ·
July 20 – Professional football is
legalized in Britain. ·
July 28 – Louis Riel's trial for treason begins in Regina. ·
August 19 – S Andromedae, the only supernova seen in
the Andromeda Galaxy so
far by astronomers, and the first ever noted outside the Milky Way, is discovered.
The Reitwagen (riding
car), the first internal combustion motorcycle (1885) ·
August 29 – Gottlieb Daimler is granted a German
patent for the Daimler Reitwagen,
regarded as the first motorcycle, which he
has produced with Wilhelm Maybach.[7][8][9] ·
September 2 – The Rock Springs
massacre occurs in Rock Springs, Wyoming;
150 white miners attack their Chinese coworkers, killing 28, wounding 15, and
forcing several hundred more out of town. ·
September 6 – Eastern Rumelia declares
its union with Bulgaria, completing the Unification of Bulgaria. ·
September 8 – Saint Thomas Academy is
founded in Minnesota. ·
September 12 – Arbroath FC defeats Bon Accord FC, 36-0, in the
highest score ever in professional football. ·
September 15 – A train wreck of
the P. T. Barnum Circus
kills giant elephant Jumbo, at St. Thomas, Ontario. ·
September 18 – The union of Eastern Rumelia with Bulgaria is proclaimed at Plovdiv. ·
September 30 – A British force
abolishes the Boer republic of Stellaland, and adds it to British Bechuanaland. October–December[edit] ·
October 3 – Millwall F.C. is founded by workers on
the Isle of Dogs in
London, as Millwall Rovers. ·
October 12 – The city of Fresno, California is
incorporated. ·
October 13 – The Georgia
Institute of Technology is established in Atlanta, as the Georgia School of
Technology. ·
October 25 – Symphony No. 4
(Brahms) is premiered in Meiningen, Germany, with Johannes Brahms himself conducting it. ·
November – The Third
Anglo-Burmese War begins. ·
November 7 – Canadian Pacific
Railway: In Craigellachie,
British Columbia, construction ends on a railway extending across
Canada. Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald considers
the project to be vital to Canada, due to the exponentially greater potential
for military mobility. ·
November 14–28 – Serbo-Bulgarian War: Serbia declares war against Bulgaria, but is defeated in the Battle of Slivnitsa on November 17–19. ·
November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian rebel leader of
the Métis, is
executed for high treason. ·
December 1 – The U.S. Patent Office acknowledges
this date as the day Dr Pepper is
served for the very first time; the exact date of Dr. Pepper's invention is
unknown. ·
December 28 – 72 Indian lawyers,
academics and journalists gather in Bombay, to form the Congress Party. Date unknown[edit]
The Benz
Patent-Motorwagen, built in 1885 ·
Karl Benz produces the Benz
Patent-Motorwagen, regarded as the first automobile (patented and publicly
launched the following year).[10] ·
John Kemp Starley demonstrates
the Rover safety bicycle, regarded as the first
practical modern bicycle.[11] ·
Chile's Matrimony and Civil Registry laws
come into effect. ·
A cholera outbreak occurs in Spain. ·
The Home Insurance
Building in Chicago, designed by William Le Baron
Jenney, is completed. With ten floors and a fireproof
weight-bearing metal frame, it is regarded as the first skyscraper.[12] ·
Bicycle Playing
Cards are first produced. ·
The Soldiers'
and Sailors' Families Association is established in the
United Kingdom, to provide charitable assistance. ·
Camp Dudley,
the oldest continually running boys' camp in the United States, is founded. ·
John Ormsby publishes
his new English translation of Don Quixote, acclaimed as the most
scholarly made up to that time. It will remain in print through the 20th
Century. ·
Michigan
Technological University (originally Michigan Mining School)
opens its doors for the first time, in the future Houghton County Fire Hall. Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
January 6 – Florence Turner, American actress (d. 1946) ·
January 8 – John Curtin, 14th Prime Minister of
Australia (d. 1945) ·
Jack Hoxie, American actor, rodeo performer
(d. 1965) ·
Alice Paul, American women's rights activist
(d. 1977) ·
January 12 – Harry Benjamin, American endocrinologist,
sexologist (d. 1986) ·
January 14 – Constantin
Sănătescu, 44th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1947) ·
January 16 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (d. 1967) ·
January 21 – Umberto Nobile, Italian aviator and explorer
(d. 1978) ·
January 25 – Roy Geiger, American general (d. 1947) ·
Michael Considine,
Australian politician (d. 1959) ·
Harry Ricardo, English mechanical engineer,
engine pioneer (d. 1974) ·
Jerome Kern, American composer (d. 1945) ·
Eduard Künneke,
German composer (d. 1953) ·
Harry Ruby, American musician, composer, and
writer (d. 1974) ·
January 28 – Władysław
Raczkiewicz, former President of Poland (d. 1947) ·
February 1 – Friedrich Kellner,
German diarist, (d. 1970) ·
Sinclair Lewis, American writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1951) ·
Hugo Sperrle, German field marshal (d. 1953) ·
February 9 – Alban Berg, Austrian composer (d. 1935) ·
February 10 – Rupert Downes, Australian general (d. 1945) ·
Bess Truman, First
Lady of the United States (d. 1982) ·
George Fitzmaurice,
French-American motion picture director (d. 1940) ·
Syed Zafarul Hasan,
Indian-born Muslim philosopher (d. 1949) ·
Zengo Yoshida, Japanese admiral (d. 1966) ·
February 15 – Princess
Alice of Battenberg (d. 1969) ·
February 18 – Richard S. Edwards,
American admiral (d. 1956) ·
February 21 – Sacha Guitry, Russian-born dramatist,
writer, director, and actor (d. 1957) ·
February 22 – Pat Sullivan,
Australian-born director, animated film producer (d. 1933) ·
Chester W. Nimitz,
American admiral (d. 1966) ·
Stanisław
Ignacy Witkiewicz, Polish writer, painter (d. 1939) ·
February 26 – Aleksandras
Stulginskis, President of Lithuania (d. 1969) ·
March 6 – Ring Lardner, American writer (d. 1933) ·
March 7 – John Tovey, British admiral of the fleet
(d. 1971) ·
March 11 – Sir Malcolm Campbell, English land, water racer
(d. 1948) ·
March 14 – Raoul Lufbery, American World War I pilot
(d. 1918) ·
March 27 – Julio Lozano Díaz,
President of Honduras (d. 1957) ·
March 31 – Pascin, Bulgarian painter (d. 1930) April–June[edit]
·
April 1 ·
Wallace Beery, American actor (d. 1949) ·
Clementine Churchill,
wife of British Prime Minister Winston Churchill (d. 1977) ·
April 3 ·
Allan Dwan, Canadian-born film director (d. 1981) ·
St John Philby, Ceylonese-born British
Arabist (d. 1960) ·
April 4 – Bee Ho Gray, American Wild West star, silent
film actor and vaudeville performer (d. 1951) ·
April 7 – Walther Schwieger,
German U-boat commander of U-20, which
sank the Lusitania (d. 1917) ·
April 12 – Hermann Hoth, German general (d. 1971) ·
April 13 ·
John
Cunningham, British admiral (d. 1962) ·
Otto Plath, American father of poet Sylvia Plath, entomologist (d. 1940) ·
Vean Gregg, American baseball player
(d. 1964) ·
April 16 – Charles Debbas, 1st President, 5th Prime
Minister of Lebanon (d. 1935) ·
April 17 – Karen Blixen, Danish author (d. 1962) ·
April 29 – Frank Jack Fletcher,
American admiral (d. 1973) ·
May 2 ·
Hedda Hopper, American columnist (d. 1966) ·
Lee W. Stanley, American cartoonist
(d. 1970) ·
May 5 – Agustín Pío Barrios,
Paraguayan guitarist, composer (d. 1944) ·
May 7 – George
"Gabby" Hayes, American actor (d. 1969) ·
May 9 – Eduard C. Lindeman,
American social worker, author (d. 1953) ·
May 12 – Paltiel Daykan, Russian-born Israeli jurist
(d. 1969) ·
May 14 – Otto Klemperer, German conductor (d. 1973) ·
May 15 – Robert James Hudson, Governor of
Southern Rhodesia (d. 1963) ·
May 20 – Faisal I of Iraq (d. 1933) ·
May 21 ·
Oscar A. C. Lund, Swedish film actor,
director, and writer (d. 1963) ·
Princess
Sophie of Schönburg-Waldenburg, consort of William of
Wied, Prince of Albania (d. 1936) ·
May 22 – Toyoda Soemu, Japanese admiral (d. 1957) ·
May 24 – Susan Sutherland
Isaacs, English educational psychologist, psychoanalyst (d. 1948) ·
May 27 – Richmond K. Turner,
American admiral (d. 1961) ·
May 30 – Arthur E. Andersen,
American accountant (d. 1947) ·
June 2 – Hans Gerhard
Creutzfeldt, German neuropathologist (d. 1964) ·
June 4 – Arturo Rawson, President of Argentina
(d. 1952) ·
June 5 – Georges Mandel, French politician, World War
II hero (d. 1944) ·
June 9 ·
John Edensor
Littlewood, British mathematician (d. 1977) ·
Felicjan
Sławoj Składkowski, Prime Minister of Poland (d. 1962) ·
Harry Gribbon, American comedy actor
(d. 1961) ·
June 14 – E. L. Grant Watson,
English writer, anthropologist, and biologist (d. 1970) ·
June 13 – John Palm, Curaçao-born composer (d. 1925) ·
June 21 – Harry A. Marmer, Ukrainian-born American
mathematician, oceanographer (d. 1953) ·
June 22 – Milan Vidmar, Slovenian electrical engineer,
chess player (d. 1962) ·
June 23 – Elaine
Bellew-Bryan, Baroness Bellew, South African-Irish nurse (d. 1973) ·
June 24 ·
Olaf Holtedahl, Norwegian geologist
(d. 1975) ·
Hugues Laurent, French set designer
(d. 1990) ·
June 28 ·
Marino Capicchioni,
Italian musical instrument maker (d. 1977) ·
Camille Clifford, Belgian actress (d. 1971) ·
June 29 – Andrew Tombes, American comedian and
character actor (d. 1976) July–September[edit]
·
July 4 – Louis B. Mayer, American film producer
(d. 1957) ·
July 6 ·
Charles Wisner
Barrell, American writer (d. 1974) ·
Ernst Busch,
German field marshal (d. 1945) ·
July 8 ·
Ann
Jemimia Flower, Dutch supercentenarian (d. 1995) ·
Paul Leni, German film director (The
Cat and the Canary) (d. 1929) ·
July 9 – Luo Meizhen, Chinese supercentenarian (d. 2013) ·
July 10 – Mary O'Hara,
American author and screenwriter (d. 1980) ·
July 14 – King Sisavang Vong of Laos (d. 1959) ·
July 15 ·
Tom Kennedy,
American actor (d. 1965) ·
Abd al-Rahman
al-Mahdi, 1st Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 1959) ·
July 16 – Hakuun Yasutani, Sōtō rōshi
(d. 1973) ·
July 18 – Marino Moretti, Italian poet and author
(d. 1979) ·
July 19 – Aristides de
Sousa Mendes, Portuguese diplomat, humanitarian (d. 1954) ·
July 22 – John Thomas Kennedy,
American lieutenant general (d. 1969) ·
July 28 – Monte Attell, American boxer (d. 1960) ·
July 29 – Theda Bara, American silent film actress (d. 1955) ·
August 1 – George de Hevesy, Hungarian chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1966) ·
August 7 – Billie Burke, American actress (d. 1970) ·
August 18 – Bede Fanning, Australian public servant
(d. 1970) ·
September 7 – Eleonore Baur, German Nazi, only woman to
participate in Munich Beer Hall Putsch (d. 1981) ·
D. H. Lawrence, English novelist (d. 1930) ·
Julian C. Smith, American general (d. 1975) ·
September 15 – James P. Boyle, American politician
(d. 1939) ·
September 20 – Enrico Mizzi, 6th Prime Minister of Malta
(d. 1950) ·
September 21 – Thomas de Hartmann,
Russian composer (d. 1956) ·
Ben Chifley, Prime
Minister of Australia (d. 1951) ·
George Gaul, American actor (d. 1939) ·
Erich von Stroheim,
Austrian-born motion picture actor, director (d. 1957) ·
September 25 – Mineichi Koga, Japanese admiral (d. 1944) ·
September 27 – Harry Blackstone Sr.,
American magician and illusionist (d. 1965) October–December[edit]
·
October 3 – Sophie Treadwell, American playwright,
journalist (d. 1970) ·
October 7 – Niels Bohr, Danish physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1962) ·
October 9 – Raymond DeWalt, American inventor,
businessman (d. 1961) ·
October 11 – François Mauriac,
French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1970) ·
October 19 – Charles E. Merrill,
American banker, co-founder of Merrill Lynch (d. 1956) ·
October 24 – Rachel
Katznelson-Shazar, Zionist political figure, wife of third
President of Israel (d. 1975) ·
October 28 – Per Albin Hansson,
2-time Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1946) ·
October 30 – Ezra Pound, American poet (d. 1972) ·
November 1 – Anton Flettner, German aviation engineer,
inventor (d. 1961) ·
November 2 – Harlow Shapley, American astronomer
(d. 1972) ·
November 5 – Will Durant, American philosopher, writer
(d. 1981) ·
Eva Morris, last surviving person documented
as born in 1885 (d. 2000) ·
Tomoyuki Yamashita,
Japanese general (d. 1946) ·
November 9 (October 28 (O.S.)) – Velimir Khlebnikov,
Russian poet (d. 1922) ·
George Patton, American general (d. 1945) ·
Edgar J. Kaufmann,
American merchant and patron of Fallingwater (d. 1955) ·
November 15 – Frederick
Handley-Page, British aviation pioneer, aircraft company founder
(d. 1962) ·
November 26 – Heinrich Brüning, Chancellor of
Germany 1930-1932 (d. 1970) ·
November 28 – John Willard,
American playwright, actor (d. 1942) ·
Albert Kesselring,
German field marshal (d. 1960) ·
Ma Zhanshan, Chinese general (d. 1950) ·
December 2 – George Minot, American physician, recipient
of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1950) ·
December 6 – Ernest
Palmer, American cinematographer (d. 1978) ·
December 10 – Elizabeth
Baker, American economist and academic (d. 1973) ·
December 13 – Mario Talavera, Mexican songwriter (d. 1960) ·
John Lavarack, Australian general, Governor of
Queensland (1946-1957) (d. 1957) ·
Joe
"King" Oliver, American jazz musician (d. 1938) Unknown birth month: Otto Orkin(died
February 11, 1968), pesticide founder, though some birth years are given for
1887 and 1888. His grave marker lists 1885.[13] Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 11 – Mariano Ospina
Rodríguez, President of Colombia (b. 1805) ·
January 13 – Schuyler Colfax, 17th Vice
President of the United States (b. 1823) ·
January 26 – Charles
"Chinese" Gordon, British general (killed in battle)
(b. 1833) ·
February 1 – Sidney Gilchrist
Thomas, British inventor (b. 1850) ·
February 8 – Nikolai Severtzov,
Russian explorer, naturalist (b. 1827) ·
February 19 – José María Pinedo,
Argentinian naval commander (b. 1795) ·
March 12 – Próspero
Fernández Oreamuno, President of Costa Rica (b. 1834) ·
April 2 – Justo Rufino Barrios,
Central American leader (b. 1835) ·
April 25 – Queen Emma of Hawaii (b. 1836) ·
May 2 – Terézia Zakoucs, Hungarian Slovene author
(b. 1817) ·
May 4 – Irvin McDowell, American general (b. 1818) ·
May 17 – Jonathan Young,
United States Navy commodore (b. 1826) ·
May 19 – Robert Emmet Odlum,
American swimming instructor (died as result of becoming the first person to
jump from the Brooklyn Bridge)
(b. 1851) ·
May 20 – Frederick
Theodore Frelinghuysen, 29th United
States Secretary of State (b. 1817) ·
May 22 – Victor Hugo, French author (b. 1802) ·
June 11 – Amédée Courbet,
French admiral (b. 1827) ·
June 17 – Edwin
Freiherr von Manteuffel, German field marshal (b. 1809) ·
June 22 – Muhammad Ahmad, Sudanese Mahdi (b. 1844) July–December[edit]
·
July 21 – Karolina
Sobańska, Polish noble, agent (b. 1795) ·
July 23 – Ulysses S. Grant, American Civil War general,
18th President
of the United States (b. 1822) ·
August – Aga Khan II, Iranian religious leader
(b. 1830) ·
August 6 – Emil Zsigmondy, Austrian mountaineer
(b. 1861) ·
August 10 – James W. Marshall,
American contractor, builder of Sutter's Mill (b. 1810) ·
August 29 – Moriz Ludassy, Hungarian journalist
(b. 1825) ·
September 2 – Giuseppe Bonavia, Maltese architect
(b. 1821) ·
September 6 – Narcís Monturiol, Catalan intellectual, artist and engineer,
inventor of the first combustion engine-driven submarine, which was propelled by an early
form of air-independent
propulsion (b. 1819) ·
Jumbo, African elephant, star attraction
in P. T. Barnum's
circus (train accident) (b. 1861) ·
Carl Spitzweg, German romanticist painter
(b. 1808) ·
October 1 – Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 7th Earl of Shaftesbury,
British politician and philanthropist (b.1801) ·
October 5 – Thomas C. Durant, American railroad
financier (b. 1820) ·
October 29 – George B. McClellan,
American Civil War general, politician (b. 1826) ·
November 16 – Louis Riel, Canadian-American leader
(executed) (b. 1844) ·
November 24 – Nicolás Avellaneda,
Argentine president (b. 1837) ·
King Alfonso XII of Spain (b. 1857) ·
Thomas Hendricks, 21st Vice
President of the United States (b. 1819) ·
November 26 – Thomas Andrews,
Irish chemist (b. 1813) ·
December 8 – William Henry
Vanderbilt, American entrepreneur (b. 1821) ·
December 13 – Benjamin Gratz Brown,
American politician (b. 1826) ·
December 15 – Ferdinand II of
Portugal, consort of Queen Maria II (b. 1816) Date unknown[edit] ·
Eugenia Kisimova, Bulgarian feminist,
philanthropist and women's rights activist (b. 1831) In fiction[edit] ·
September 2–September 7 – The film Back to the
Future Part III takes place during this time. Dr. Emmett Brown is initially murdered
by Buford
"Mad Dog" Tannen in Hill
Valley, California (1885); however, Marty McFly later
prevents this murder. ·
The
stage "Bury My Shell at Wounded Knee", in the 1992 video game Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Turtles in Time, is set
in this year. ·
The
Nickelodeon TV movie, Lost in the West, takes place in this
year. References[edit] 1.
^ Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of
British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 310–311. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2. 2.
^ Jump up to:a b Williams,
Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld
& Nicolson. pp. 438–440. ISBN 0-304-35730-8. 3.
^ Dow Record Book Adds Another First.
Philly.com. Retrieved 2013-07-08. 4.
^ The Hutchinson Factfinder. Helicon. 1999. ISBN 1-85986-000-1. 5.
^ "Cremation". The Times (31405). London. 1885-03-27.
p. 10. 6.
^ Mackenzie, John (1887). Austral
Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in
Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington via World Digital
Library. Retrieved April 10, 2018. 7.
^ Gardiner, Mark (1997). Classic motorcycles.
MetroBooks. p. 16. ISBN 1-56799-460-1. 8.
^ Brown, Roland (2005). The Ultimate History of
Fast Motorcycles. Bath: Parragon. p. 6. ISBN 1-4054-5466-0. 9.
^ Wilson, Hugo (1993). The Ultimate Motorcycle
Book. Dorling Kindersley. pp. 8–9. ISBN 1-56458-303-1. 10.
^ Benz, Carl Friedrich (1925). Lebensfahrt eines
deutschen erfinders; erinnerungen eines achtzigjahrigen. Leipzig: Koehler
& Amelang. 11.
^ "Icons of Invention: Rover safety bicycle,
1885". Making the Modern World. Science Museum
(London). Archived from the original on May 22,
2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27. 12.
^ "Home Insurance Building". SkyscraperPage. Archived from the original on June 29,
2011. Retrieved 2011-06-27. 13.
^ Otto Orkin, findagrave listing Retrieved
July 9, 2017 Further reading[edit] ·
Appletons'
Annual Cyclopedia and Register of Important Events of the Year 1885. 25.
New York: D. Appleton and Co. 1887
– via Hathi Trust. |
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