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1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was
a common year starting
on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1894th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
894th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 94th year of the 19th century,
and the 5th year of the 1890s decade. As of
the start of 1894, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Sources Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 4 – A military
alliance is established between the French Third Republic,
and the Russian Empire. ·
January 7 – William Kennedy
Dickson receives a patent for motion picture film in the United
States. ·
January 9 – New
England Telephone and Telegraph installs the first battery-operated telephone
switchboard, in Lexington,
Massachusetts. ·
French anarchist Émile Henry sets
off a bomb in a Paris café, killing one person and wounding twenty. ·
The barque Elisabeth Rickmers of
Bremerhaven is wrecked at Haurvig, Denmark, but all crew and passengers are
saved. ·
In
Korea, peasant unrest erupts in the Donghak
Peasant Revolution, a massive revolt of followers of the Donghakmovement.[1] Both
China and Japan send military forces, claiming to come to the ruling Joseon Dynasty government's aid. ·
At
04:51 GMT, French anarchist Martial Bourdin attempts to destroy
the Royal
Observatory, Greenwich, London, England, with a bomb, killing
himself instead. ·
February 17 – American outlaw John Wesley Hardin is
released from prison. ·
March 1 – The Local
Government Act (coming into effect December 1894–January
1895) reforms local government in
Britain, creating a system of urban and rural districts with elected councils,
with elected parish
councils in rural areas, and gives women, irrespective of
marital status, the right to vote and stand in local (but not national)
elections.[2] ·
March 12 – Coca-Cola is sold in bottles for the
first time. ·
March 21 – A syzygy of
planets occurs, as Mercury transits the Sun as seen from Venus, and Mercury
and Venus both transit the Sun as seen from Saturn, but no two of the
transits are simultaneous. ·
March 25 – Coxey's Army (of the unemployed), the
first significant protest march in the United States, departs from Massillon, Ohio, for Washington, D.C.
March 12: Coca-Cola in bottles (replicas). April–June[edit] ·
April 11 – Britain establishes a
protectorate over Uganda.[2] ·
April 16 – Manchester
City Football Club is formed in England. ·
April 21 – A bituminous
coal miners' strike closes mines across the central United
States. ·
April 23 (St. George's Day) – Howard
Ruff founds the Royal Society
of St George, to foster the love of England and to strengthen
England and the Commonwealth, by spreading the knowledge of English history,
traditions and ideals. ·
April 27 – Canada's largest known landslide occurs
in Saint-Alban, Quebec,
displacing 185 million cubic metres (6.5×109 cu ft) of rock and dirt, and leaving a 40 metres
(130 ft) scar that covers 4.6 million square metres (50×106 sq ft).[3][4] ·
May – Bubonic plague breaks out in the Tai Ping Shan area
of Hong Kong (by the end of the year, the death toll is 2,552 people). ·
May 1 ·
Coxey's Army arrives in Washington;
Coxey is arrested on the Capitol grounds. ·
The May Day Riots (against
unemployment) break out in Cleveland, Ohio. ·
May 11 – Pullman Strike: Three thousand Pullman Palace
Car Company factory workers go on a "wildcat"
(without union approval) strike in Illinois. ·
May 14 ·
A meteor shower is seen in southern
France. ·
Blackpool Tower is opened in Blackpool, England, as a visitor attraction. ·
May 21 – The Manchester Ship
Canal and Docks are opened by Queen Victoria, linking the previously
landlocked English industrial city of Manchester to the Irish Sea. ·
June 22 – Dahomey becomes a French colony. ·
June 23 – The International
Olympic Committee is founded at the Sorbonne,
Paris, at the initiative of Baron Pierre de Coubertin. ·
June 24 – Marie François
Sadi Carnot, president of France,
is assassinated. ·
June 30 – The Tower Bridge in London opens for
traffic.
July–September[edit] ·
July 4 ·
The Republic of Hawaii is
proclaimed, by Sanford B. Dole. ·
The football club FC La Chaux-de-Fonds is
founded in Switzerland.
July: Fire damages Columbian
Exposition. ·
July 6 – A fire at the site of
the 1893 World's
Columbian Exposition in Chicago destroys most of the
remaining buildings.[5] ·
July 16 – The United Kingdom and Japan
sign the Anglo-Japanese Treaty, as the U.K. becomes the first of the Western
nations to agree to give up its extraterritorial rights in
Japan.[6] ·
July 22 – The Paris–Rouen Competition
for Horseless Carriages, the first automobile competition, is held. ·
August 1 – War is declared between
the Qing Empire of
China and the Empire of Japan,
over their rival claims of influence on their common ally, the Joseon Dynasty of Korea. The event
marks the start of the First
Sino-Japanese War. ·
August 15 – Sante Geronimo
Caserio is executed, for the assassination of French
President Marie François
Sadi Carnot. ·
August 31 – New Zealand enacts the
world's first minimum wage law,
to take effect on January 1, in the passage of the Industrial
Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894.[7] ·
September 1 – Great Hinckley Fire:
A forest fire in Hinckley, Minnesota,
kills more than 450 people. ·
September 4 – In New York City, 12,000
tailors strike against sweatshop working
conditions. October–December[edit] ·
Petrópolis becomes the capital of the
state of Rio de Janeiro,
until 1902.[8] ·
The Owl Club of Cape Town, South Africa, a dining club, has
its first formal meeting. ·
October 15 – Dreyfus affair: French Army officer Alfred Dreyfus is arrested for spying. ·
October 30 – Domenico Menegatti obtains
a patent for a procedure, to be applied in producing pandoro industrially. ·
November 1 – Russian emperor Alexander III is
succeeded by his son, Nicholas II. ·
November 6 – Republican win by a
landslide in the United States House of Representatives elections,
which sets the stage for the decisive presidential
election of 1896. ·
November 7 – The Masonic Grand Lodge de
France is founded, splitting from the larger and older Grand Orient de
France. ·
November 21 – First Sino-Japanese
War –Battle of Lushunkou:
Japanese troops secure a decisive victory over the Chinese, capture the port
city of Lüshunkou, and begin
the Port Arthur
massacre, in which more than 1,000 Chinese servicemen and
civilians die. ·
December 18 – Women in South Australia become the first in
Australia to gain the right to vote and to be elected to Parliament, taking
effect from 1895. ·
December 21 – Mackenzie Bowell becomes Canada's
fifth prime minister. ·
December 22 – Dreyfus affair: French Army officer Alfred Dreyfus is convicted of treason.
November 1: Nicholas II becomes Tsar of Russia. Date unknown[edit] ·
Grace Kimmins founds the Guild of
the Poor Brave Things in England, for the education
of crippled boys. ·
The National
College of Music, London, is founded by the Moss family. ·
In
the U.S., the Society
of Beaux-Arts Architects is founded. ·
Chatham
Episcopal Institute (now known as Chatham Hall ) is founded in Chatham, Virginia. ·
Oil
is discovered on the Osage Indian reservation, making the Osage the "richest group of people
in the world". ·
American
author Kate Chopin writes The
Story of An Hour (fiction). ·
Pomfret School is founded in
Connecticut. ·
Edward
B. Marks and Joe Stern publish the waltz The Little Lost
Child, promoting the playing of the waltz with slides
projected by a magic lantern, the earliest version of music video known as the illustrated song. ·
Frederick
W. Tamblyn founds the Tamblyn School of Penmanship, which later becomes
Ziller of Kansas City, the oldest calligraphy studio still operating in
United States. ·
Spillers Records is founded in Cardiff,
the world's oldest record shop still in operation. Births[edit] January–February[edit]
·
January 1 – Satyendra Nath Bose,
Indian physicist (d. 1974) ·
January 3 – Benito Canónico,
Venezuelan composer (d. 1971) ·
Maximilian Kolbe, Polish friar and martyr
(k. 1941 in Auschwitz concentration camp) ·
Vilmos Tkálecz,
Hungarian politician (d. 1950) ·
January 15 – José Bustamante
y Rivero, Peruvian politician, diplomat and jurist, 78th President of Peru (d. 1989) ·
January 20 – Walter Piston, American composer (d. 1976) ·
January 21 – Geoffrey Street, Australian politician
(d. 1940) ·
King Boris III of
Bulgaria (d. 1943) ·
René Dorme, French World War I fighter ace
(d. 1917) ·
Isham Jones, American bandleader (d. 1956) ·
Percy Helton, American film, television
actor (d. 1971) ·
John Ford, American film director (d. 1973) ·
Dick Merrill, American aviation pioneer
(d. 1982) ·
February 3 – Norman Rockwell, American artist,
illustrator (d. 1978) ·
Billy Bishop, Canadian World War I fighter
ace (d. 1956) ·
Ludwig Marcuse, German philosopher (d. 1971) ·
Harold Macmillan, British Prime Minister
(d. 1986) ·
Mãe Menininha do
Gantois, Brazilian spiritual leader (iyalorixá) (d. 1986) ·
February 11 – Alfonso Leng, Chilean composer (d. 1974) ·
February 14 – Jack Benny, American actor, comedian
(d. 1974) ·
February 22 – Enid Markey, American actress (d. 1981) ·
February 25 – Meher Baba, Indian Avatar of the Age (d. 1969) ·
Wilhelm Bittrich, German Waffen SS general
(d. 1979) ·
Ernest N. Harmon, American general (d. 1979) ·
February 28 – Ben Hecht, American playwright, film writer
(d. 1964) March–April[edit]
Marie-Adélaïde,
Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
·
March 7 – Marcel Déat, French politician (d. 1955) ·
March 11 – Otto Grotewohl, East German Communist
politician, 1st Prime Minister
of the German Democratic Republic (d. 1964) ·
March 14 – Osa Johnson,
American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (d. 1953) ·
March 16 – Stuart Buchanan, American actor (d. 1974) ·
March 17 – Paul Green,
novelist, Pulitzer Prize-winning
playwright (d. 1981) ·
March 19 – Moms Mabley, African-American comedian
(d. 1975) ·
March 20 ·
Hans Langsdorff, German naval officer
(d. 1939) ·
Amalie Sara
Colquhoun, Australian landscape and portrait painter (d. 1974 ·
March 26 – May Farquharson, Jamaican social worker,
birth control advocate, philanthropist, and reformer (d. 1992) ·
March 27 – René Fonck, French World War I flying ace (d. 1953) ·
March 30 – Nikolai P.
Barabashov, Russian astronomer (d. 1971) ·
April 5 – Chesney Allen, British entertainer, comedian
(d. 1982) ·
April 9 – Keiji Shibazaki, Japanese admiral (d. 1943) ·
April 10 ·
Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla,
Indian industrialist, Gandhian and educationalist (d. 1983) ·
Ben Nicholson, English abstract artist
(d. 1982) ·
Archibald Roosevelt,
American conservative political activist, son of President Theodore Roosevelt (d. 1979) ·
April 12 – Francisco
Craveiro Lopes, 12th President of Portugal (d. 1964) ·
April 13 – Arthur Fadden, Australian Prime Minister
(d. 1973) ·
April 15 – Bessie Smith, African-American blues singer
(d. 1937) ·
April 17 – Nikita Khrushchev,
Soviet politician (d. 1971) ·
April 26 – Rudolf Hess, German Nazi official (d. 1987) ·
April 27 – Nicolas Slonimsky,
Russian/American musicologist (d. 1995) ·
April 30 – H.V. Evatt, Australian politician, judge
(d. 1965) May–June[edit]
King Edward VIII
·
May 2 – Joseph Henry Woodger,
British theoretical biologist (d. 1981) ·
May 11 – Martha Graham, American dancer,
choreographer (d. 1991) ·
May 13 – Ásgeir Ásgeirsson,
2nd President of Iceland (d. 1972) ·
May 15 – Eddie Stumpf, American baseball player,
manager and executive (d. 1978) ·
May 16 – Walter Yust, American encyclopædia editor
(d. 1960) ·
May 19 – Heinz Ziegler, German general (d. 1972) ·
May 20 ·
Estelle Taylor, American actress (d. 1958) ·
Chandrashekarendra
Saraswati, Indian religious scholar, saint (d. 1994) ·
May 26 – Paul Lukas, Hungarian actor (d. 1971) ·
May 27 ·
Louis-Ferdinand
Céline, French writer (d. 1961) ·
Dashiell Hammett, American detective fiction
writer (d. 1961) ·
May 29 – Josef von Sternberg,
Austrian-American film director (d. 1969) ·
May 30 – Hubertus van Mook,
Acting Governor-General
of the Dutch East Indies (1942-1948) (d. 1965) ·
May 31 – Fred Allen, American comedian (d. 1956) ·
June 4 – Gabriel Pascal, Hungarian film producer
(d. 1954) ·
June 7 – Roy
Thomson, Canadian publisher (d. 1976) ·
June 9 – Nedo Nadi, Italian fencer (d. 1940) ·
June 14 ·
Marie-Adélaïde,
Grand Duchess of Luxembourg (d. 1924) ·
W. W. E. Ross, Canadian geophysicist, poet
(d. 1966) ·
June 23 ·
King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
(afterwards The Duke of Windsor) (d. 1972) ·
Harold Barrowclough,
New Zealand general, lawyer and chief justice (d. 1972) ·
Alfred Kinsey, American sexologist (d. 1956) ·
June 28 ·
Arthur D. Struble,
American admiral (d. 1983) ·
Lois Wilson,
American actress (d. 1988) ·
Francis Hunter, American tennis player
(d. 1981) July–August[edit]
·
July 5 – Margarita Nelken, Spanish politician
(d. 1968) ·
July 8 ·
Carlo Ludovico
Bragaglia, Italian film director (d. 1998) ·
Pyotr Kapitsa, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1984) ·
July 10 – Slava
Ivančević, Serbian claimed supercentenarian (d. 2013) ·
July 17 – Georges Lemaître,
Belgian physicist, astronomer (d. 1966) ·
July 18 ·
Isaac Babel, Ukrainian writer (d. 1940) ·
Mariano
Rossell y Arellano, Guatemalan Roman Catholic clergyman (d. 1964) ·
July 19 ·
Jerzy
Pajączkowski-Dydyński, British-based Polish veteran of
World War I (d. 2005) ·
Khawaja Nazimuddin,
Pakistani Prime Minister (d. 1964) ·
July 20 – Wiley Blount
Rutledge, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1949) ·
July 22 – María Sabina, Mexican curandera (d. 1985) ·
July 25 – Walter Brennan, American actor (d. 1974) ·
July 26 – Aldous Huxley, English novelist (d. 1963) ·
August 1 – Kurt Wintgens, German fighter pilot, air ace
in World War I (d. 1916) ·
August 2 – Bertha Lutz, Brazilian zoologist,
politician, diplomat and feminist (d. 1976) ·
August 3 – Harry Heilmann, American baseball player
(d. 1951) ·
August 9 – Kathleen Lockhart,
British-American actress (d. 1978) ·
V. V. Giri, Indian politician, 4th President of India (d. 1980) ·
Alan Crosland, American film director
(d. 1936) ·
August 16 – George Meany, American labor leader
(d. 1980) ·
August 26 – Maksim Purkayev, Soviet general (d. 1953) ·
Karl Böhm, Austrian conductor (d. 1981) ·
Elisha Scott, Irish footballer (d. 1959) September–October[edit]
·
September 2 – Joseph Roth, Austrian writer (d. 1939) ·
September 3 – Benigno Aquino Sr.,
Filipino politician (d. 1947) ·
September 6 – Howard Pease, American adventure novelist
(d. 1974) ·
September 7 – George Waggner, American film director,
producer and actor (d. 1984) ·
September 12 – Billy Gilbert, American comedian, actor
(d. 1971) ·
September 12 – Dorothy Maud Wrinch,
British mathematician and biochemical theorist (d. 1976) ·
J. B. Priestley, English novelist,
playwright (d. 1984) ·
Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953) ·
September 15 – Jean Renoir, French film director (d. 1979) ·
September 21 – Anton Piëch, Austrian lawyer, son-in-law of
Ferdinand Porsche (d. 1952) ·
September 22 – Louis Bennett Jr.,
American World War I flying ace (d. 1918) ·
Tommy Armour, Scottish golfer (d. 1968) ·
Harry B. Liversedge,
American general (d. 1951) ·
September 27 – Lothar von
Richthofen, German World War I fighter ace (d. 1922) ·
October 2 – Thomas L. Sprague,
American admiral (d. 1972) ·
October 5 – Bevil Rudd, South African athlete (d. 1948) ·
October 7 – Del Lord, American film director (d. 1970) ·
October 14 – E. E. Cummings, American poet (d. 1962) ·
October 14 – Heinrich Lübke,
German president (d. 1972) ·
October 15 – Moshe Sharett, Israeli Prime Minister
(d. 1965) ·
October 18 – H. L. Davis, American fiction writer
(d. 1960) ·
Claude Cahun, French photographer, writer
(d. 1954) ·
Âşık Veysel Şatıroğlu,
Turkish poet, songwriter and saz player (d. 1973) ·
October 27 – Fritz Sauckel, German Nazi politician, war
criminal (d. 1946) November–December[edit]
·
November 2 – Alexander Lippisch,
German aerodynamics engineer (d. 1976) ·
November 3 – Sofoklis Venizelos,
3-time Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1964) ·
November 4 – Chafik Charobim, Egyptian impressionist
painter (d. 1975) ·
Jan Garber, American jazz bandleader
(d. 1977) ·
Harold Innis, Canadian communications
scholar (d. 1952) ·
Beardsley Ruml, American economist, tax plan
author (d. 1960) ·
November 8 – Claude Beck, American cardiac surgeon (1971) ·
November 9 – Mae Marsh, American film actress (d. 1968) ·
November 13 – Nita Naldi, American film actress (d. 1961) ·
November 14 – Rino Corso Fougier,
Italian air force general (d. 1963) ·
November 19 – Américo Tomás,
13th President of
Portugal (d. 1987) ·
Corinne Griffith, American actress, author
(d. 1979) ·
Cecil M. Harden, American politician
(d. 1984) ·
November 24 – Herbert Sutcliffe,
English cricketer (d. 1978) ·
November 26 – Norbert Wiener, American mathematician
(d. 1964) ·
November 27 – Konosuke Matsushita,
Japanese industrialist (d. 1989) ·
November 29 – Lucille Hegamin, American singer,
entertainer (d. 1970) ·
December 3 – Deiva Zivarattinam,
Indian politician (d. 1975) ·
Charles Robberts
Swart, 1st State President of South Africa (d. 1982) ·
Philip K. Wrigley,
American business, sports executive (d. 1977) ·
December 7 – Freddie Adkins, British cartoonist (d.
c. 1986) ·
E. C. Segar, American cartoonist, creator
of Popeye (d. 1938) ·
James Thurber, American cartoonist, writer
(d. 1961) ·
Florbela Espanca, Portuguese poet, writer
(d. 1930) ·
William Sydney
Marchant, British colonial official (d. 1953) ·
Edward Milford, Australian general (d. 1972) ·
December 15 – Felix Stump, American admiral (d. 1972) ·
Arthur Fiedler, American conductor (d. 1979) ·
Willem Schermerhorn,
Prime Minister of the Netherlands (d. 1977) ·
December 20 – Robert Menzies, 12th Prime
Minister of Australia (d. 1978) ·
December 22 – Edwin Linkomies, Finnish Prime Minister
(d. 1963) ·
December 23 – Arthur Gilligan, English cricket captain
(d. 1976) ·
December 24 – Georges Guynemer, French World War I fighter
ace (d. 1917) ·
December 26 – Jean Toomer, American poet (d. 1967) ·
December 31 – Pola Negri, Polish actress (d. 1987) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Tawfik Abu Al-Huda,
4-Time Prime Minister of Jordan (d. 1956) ·
Riad Al Solh, 2-Time Prime Minister of
Lebanon (d. 1951) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia
·
January 1 – Heinrich Hertz, German physicist (b. 1857) ·
January 13 – Nadezhda von Meck,
Russian patron of Peter Tchaikovsky (b. 1831) ·
February 3 – Auguste Vaillant, French anarchist (b. 1861)
(executed) ·
February 4 – Adolphe Sax, Belgian instrument maker,
inventor of the saxophone (b. 1814) ·
February 8 – Robert Michael
Ballantyne, Scottish
novelist (b. 1825) ·
February 11 – Margaret Henley, English inspiration for the
name Wendy in Peter Pan (b. 1888) ·
February 14 – Myra Bradwell, American lawyer, political
activist, (b. 1831) ·
February 15 – May Brookyn, American actress (b. 1854/1859) ·
February 21 – Gustave Caillebotte,
French painter (b. 1848) ·
Hilarión Daza, President of Bolivia
(assassinated) (b. 1840) ·
Carl Schmidt,
Baltic German chemist (b. 1822) ·
March 2 ·
Jubal Early, Confederate general (b. 1816) ·
William H. Osborn,
American railroad executive (b. 1820) ·
March 3 – Ned Williamson, American baseball player
(b. 1857) ·
March 20 – Lajos Kossuth, Hungarian politician
(b. 1802) ·
March 30 – Jane Goodwin Austin,
American popular story writer (b. 1831) ·
April 1 – Remigio Morales
Bermúdez, 19th President of Peru (b. 1836) ·
April 8 – Bankim
Chandra Chattopadhyay, Bengali poet (b. 1838) ·
May 7 – Frances
Elizabeth Barrow, American juvenile literature author (b. 1822) ·
May 12 – Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia,
granddaughter of Tsar Paul I (b. 1827) ·
May 19 – Caroline
Mehitable Fisher Sawyer, American biographier (b. 1812) ·
June 3 – Karl
Eduard Zachariae von Lingenthal, German jurist, expert on
Byzantine law (b. 1812) ·
June 7 – King Hassan I of Morocco (b. 1836) ·
June 23 ·
Marietta Alboni, Italian opera singer
(b. 1826) ·
Władysław
Czartoryski, Polish political activist and art collector (b. 1828) ·
July 24 – George Peter
Alexander Healy, American portrait painter (b. 1813) ·
June 25 ·
Marie François
Sadi Carnot, French statesman (assassinated) (b. 1837) ·
Charles
Romley Alder Wright, British chemist who synthesized heroin
(b. 1844) ·
June 27 – Giorgio
Costantino Schinas, Maltese architect and civil engineer (b. 1834) July–December[edit]
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