List of popes
This article is the Catholic Church. For popes of the
Coptic Orthodox Church, see List
of Coptic Orthodox Popes of Alexandria. For popes of the Legio Maria, see List of Legio
Maria Popes. For Palmarian popes, see Palmarian
Catholic Church § Popes. For a graphical representation of this
list, see List of Popes
(graphical).
Plaque commemorating the popes buried in St Peter's (their names in Latin and the year of their burial)
This chronological list of popes corresponds to that given in the Annuario Pontificio under the heading "I Sommi Pontefici
Romani" (The Supreme Pontiffs of Rome), excluding those that are
explicitly indicated as antipopes. Published every year by the Roman Curia, the Annuario Pontificio attaches no
consecutive numbers to the popes, stating that it is impossible to decide which
side represented at various times the legitimate succession, in particular
regarding Pope Leo VIII, Pope Benedict V and some mid-11th-century popes.[1]The 2001 ion of the Annuario Pontificio introduced
"almost 200 corrections to its existing biographies of the popes, from St
Peter to John Paul II". The corrections concerned dates, especially in the
first two centuries, birthplaces and the family name of one pope.[2]
The term pope (Latin: papa, lit. 'father') is
used in several Churches to denote their high spiritual leaders (for
example Coptic Pope). This title in English usage usually refers to the head
of the Catholic Church. The Catholic pope uses various titles by tradition,
including Summus
Pontifex, Pontifex Maximus, and Servus servorum Dei. Each title has been added by unique historical events
and unlike other papal prerogatives, is not incapable of modification.[3]
Hermannus Contractus may have been the first historian to number the popes
continuously. His list ends in 1049 with Pope Leo IX as number 154. Several changes were made to the
list during the 20th century. Antipope Christopher was considered legitimate for a long time. Pope-elect Stephen was considered legitimate under the name Stephen
II until the 1961 ion, when his name was erased. Although these
changes are no longer controversial, a number of modern lists still include
this "first Pope Stephen II". It is probable that this is because
they are based on the 1913 ion of the Catholic Encyclopedia, which is in the public domain.
A significant number of these popes have
been recognized as
saints, including
48 out of the first 50 consecutive popes, and others are in the sainthood
process. Of the first 31 popes, 28 died as martyrs (see List of murdered
popes).
Contents
o 1.4Notes
·
2Notes on numbering of popes
o 3.1Lists
Chronological list[]
1st millennium[]
1st century[]
|
Popes of the 1st
century |
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|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
||||||||
|
1 |
30/33 – 64/68 The Night of the Last Supper. |
|
St Peter |
Šimon Kêpâ |
AD 1 Bethsaida, Galilea, Imperii Romaniae(Now Bethsaida,
Galilee, Israel) |
29–32 / 63–67 |
The lasted and most difficult aspect of this persons existence is just how violently and genocidal much
the Evil Priest Paul hated him. In comparison the American Congress GOP hate
Barrack Obama less than Paul hated Peter. Which if you think about it, that
is a violently huge amount of hate. In response as much about the life and times of
this man were either flat out erased and or edited to make the followers of
Paul happy. Most of the Popes to follow were not of the philosophy and
tradition of Peter they were/are of the philosophy and tradition of Paul.
This man was the absolute definition of a threat to Paul and the entire Roman
Empire. Apostle of Jesus. According to Catholic
tradition he received the keys of the Kingdom of Heaven (Matthew 16:18–19). Feast day (Feast of
Saints Peter and Paul) 29 June, (Chair of Saint Peter) 22 February. He is
recognized by the Catholic Church as the first Bishop of Rome appointed by
Christ. Also revered as saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
29 June.[4] St. Peter's Basilica in Vatican City
is named after him. |
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|
2 |
64/68 – 76/79 |
|
St Linus |
Linus |
54–58 / 66–69 |
First Roman pope.[5] Feast day 23
September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
7 June. |
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|
3 |
76/79 – 88/91 |
|
St Anacletus |
Anáklētos |
51–54 / 63–66 |
Historicity not proven. First Greek pope.
Feast day 26 April. Once erroneously split into Cletus and Anacletus.[6] |
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|
4 |
26 April 88 – |
|
St Clement I |
Clemens |
53 / 64 (†66) |
Roman. Feast day 23 November. Issued 1 Clement which is said to
be the basis of apostolic authority for the clergy. Also revered as a saint
in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
25 November. |
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|
5 |
23 Nov 99 – |
|
St Evaristus |
Euáristos |
c. 30 AD Bethleem, Iudaea, Roman Empire (now Bethlehem, West Bank, Palestine) |
69 / 75 |
Converted Jew. Said to have divided Rome into
parishes, assigning a priest to each. Feast day of 26 October. |
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|
6 |
27 Oct 105 – |
|
St Alexander I |
Alexander |
30 / 40 |
Roman. Inaugurated the custom of blessing
houses with holy water. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
18 March. |
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|
7 |
3 May 115 – |
|
St Sixtus I |
Xystus |
42 AD Rome, Roman Empire[birth 2] |
73 / 83 |
Roman. Feast day of 6 April. Also revered as
a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
10 August. |
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|
8 |
3 April 125 – |
|
St Telesphorus |
Telesphóros |
c. 67 ADTerra Nova, Italy, Roman Empire |
58 / 69 |
Greek. Feast day of 5 January. Also revered
as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
22 February. Church Father St. Irenaeus called him a great martyr. |
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|
9 |
5 Jan 136 – |
|
St Hyginus |
Ygínos |
c. 74 Athens, Achaea, Roman Empire[birth 1] |
58 / 62 |
Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast
day 11 January. |
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|
10 |
11 Jan 140 – |
|
St Pius I |
Pius |
59 / 74 |
Roman. Martyred by sword; feast day 11 July.
Decreed that Easter should only be
celebrated on a Sunday. |
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|
11 |
11 July 155 – |
|
St Anicetus |
Aníkētos |
63 / 74 |
Converted Jew. First pope from Syria. Tradition holds he was martyred;
feast day 17 April. Decreed that priests are not allowed to have long hair. |
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|
12 |
20 April 166 – |
|
St Soter |
Soterius |
46 / 55 |
Roman. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast
day 22 April. Declared that marriage was valid as a sacrament blessed by a
priest; formally inaugurated Easter as an annual festival in Rome. |
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|
13 |
22 April 174 – |
|
St Eleutherius |
Eleuthérios |
45 / 59 |
Greek. Tradition holds he was martyred; feast
day 6 May. |
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|
14 |
26 May 189 – |
|
St Victor I |
Victor |
Converted Berber. Known for
excommunicating Theodotus of
Byzantium. Quartodecimanismcontroversy. |
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|
15 |
28 July 199 – |
|
St Zephyrinus |
Zephyrinus |
39 / 57 |
Roman. Combated against the adoptionistheresies of the
followers of Theodotus the Byzantium who were ruled by Theodotus, the Money
Changer and Asclepiodotus. Although not physically martyred (murdered), he is called a
martyr for the suffering he endured. |
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|
– |
c.
199 – |
|
Natalius |
Natalius |
Rome,
Roman Empire[birth 2] |
– |
Roman.
In opposition to pope Zephyrinus. Later reconciled
(see above). |
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|
16 |
20 Dec 217 – |
|
St Callixtus I |
Callixtus |
62 / 67 |
Roman. Martyred; feast day 14 October. |
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|
– |
217 – |
|
St Hippolytus |
Ippólytos |
47 / 65 |
Greek Roman. In opposition to Pope Callistus I, Urban I and Pontian. Later reconciled with Pope Pontian
(see above). |
|||||||||
|
17 |
14 Oct 222 – |
|
St Urban I |
Urbanus |
47 / 55 |
Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
25 May. |
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|
18 |
21 Aug 230 – |
|
St Pontian |
Pontianus |
55 / 60 |
Roman. First to abdicate after exile to Sardinia by Emperor Maximinus Thrax. The Liberian Catalogue records his
death on 28 Sep 235, the earliest exact date in papal history.[8][9] |
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|
19 |
21 Nov 235 – |
|
St Anterus |
Anthērós |
55 / 56 |
Greek Roman. Feast day 3 January. Also
revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
5 August. |
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|
20 |
10 Jan 236 – |
|
St Fabian |
Fabianus |
36 / 50 |
Roman. Divided the communities of Rome into seven
districts, each supervised by a deacon. Feast day 20 January. Also revered as
a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
5 August. |
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|
21 |
6 March 251 – |
|
St Cornelius |
Cornelius |
71 / 73 |
Roman. Died as a martyr through extreme
hardship; feast day 16 September. |
|||||||||
|
– |
March 251 – |
|
Novatian |
Novatianus |
31 (51) / 38 (58) |
Roman. Founder of Novatianism. In opposition
to Pope Cornelius, Lucius I, Stephen I and Sixtus II. |
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|
22 |
25 June 253 – |
|
St Lucius I |
Lucius |
48 / 49 |
Roman. Feast day 5 March. |
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|
23 |
12 March 254 – |
|
St Stephen I |
Stéphanos |
54 / 57 |
Greek Roman. Martyred by beheading; feast day
2 August. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with the same feast
day. |
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|
24 |
30 Aug 257 – |
|
St Sixtus II |
Síxtos |
42 / 43 |
Greek. Martyred by beheading. Also revered as
a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
10 August. |
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|
25 |
22 July 259 – |
|
St Dionysius |
Dionýsios |
c. 200 ADTerra Nova, Italy,
Roman Empire |
59 / 68 |
Greek. Feast day 26 December. |
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|
26 |
5 Jan 269 – |
|
St Felix I |
Felix |
63 / 68 |
Roman. |
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|
27 |
4 Jan 275 – |
|
St Eutychian |
Eutychianus |
35 / 43 |
Roman. |
|||||||||
|
28 |
17 Dec 283 – |
|
St Caius |
Caius |
38 / 51 |
Roman. First pope from Croatia. Martyred by
beheading (according to legend). Feast day 22 April. Also revered as a saint
in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
11 August. |
|||||||||
|
29 |
30 June 296 – |
|
St Marcellinus |
Marcellinus |
46 / 54 |
Roman. Feast day 26 April. Also revered as a
saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
7 June. |
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|
30 |
27 May 308 – |
|
St Marcellus I |
Marcellus |
53 / 54 |
Roman. Banished from Rome under Maxentius (309). |
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|
31 |
18 April 309 – |
|
St Eusebius |
Eusébios |
54 / 54 (†55) |
Greek. Banished by the emperor Maxentius, and died in exile. |
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|
32 |
2 July 311 – |
|
St Miltiades |
Miltiades |
c. 270 ADAfrica, Roman Empire |
41 / 44 |
Roman. First pope after the end of the
persecution of Christians through the Edict of Milan (313 AD) issued
by Constantine the
Great. Presided over the Lateran council of 313. |
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|
33 |
31 Jan 314 – |
|
St Sylvester I |
Silvester |
c. 285 ADFanum Sancti Angeli de Scala, Apulia
et Calabria, Roman Empire |
29 / 50 |
Roman. Feast day 31 December. Also revered as
a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
2 January. First Council of
Nicaea (325). Under him was built: the Basilica of
St. John Lateran, Santa Croce in
Gerusalemme and Old St. Peter's
Basilica. Stated to be the recipient of the Donation of
Constantine, which was later shown to be a forgery. |
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|
34 |
18 Jan 336 – |
|
St Mark |
Marcus |
c. 290 ADRome, Roman Empire |
46 / 46 |
Roman. One of Mark's undertakings was to
compile stories of the lives of martyrs and bishops before his time. There is
some reason to believe he founded two churches in the area of Rome. One of
them is still known to this day as the Church of San Marco, although it is
greatly changed since his time. The other church was at the Catacomb of
Balbina, a cemetery. Emperor Constantine gave gifts of land and furnishing
for both buildings. Feast day 7 October. |
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|
35 |
6 Feb 337 – |
|
St Julius I |
Iulius |
c. 280 ADRome, Roman Empire |
57 / 72 |
Roman. Arian controversy.
Cred with splitting the birth of Christ into two distinct celebrations:
The Epiphany stayed on the
traditional date, and the Nativity was added on 25 December. |
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|
36 |
17 May 352 – |
|
Liberius |
Liberius |
c. 310 ADRome, Roman Empire |
42 / 56 |
Roman. Earliest pope not canonized by the
Roman Catholic Church. Revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
27 August.[10] |
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|
– |
355 – |
|
St Felix II |
Felix |
Rome, Roman Empire |
– |
Roman. In opposition to Pope Liberius. Installed by Roman Emperor Constantius II. |
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|
37 |
1 Oct 366 – |
|
St Damasus I |
Damasus |
60 / 78 |
Roman. And the first pope from Portugal. Patron of Jerome, commissioned
the Vulgate translation of
the Bible. Council of Rome (382). First
pope to be the official head of the church after the Emperor Gratian abdicates the
title of "Pontifex Maximus". |
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|
– |
1 Oct 366 – |
|
Ursicinus |
Ursinus |
Rome, Roman Empire |
– |
Roman. In opposition to Pope Damasus I. Banished to Gallia by the
emperor Valentinian II after a war
between two sects and died after 384. |
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|
38 |
17 Dec 384 – |
|
St Siricius |
Sicirius |
c. 334 ADRome, Roman Empire |
50 / 65 |
Roman. His famous letters—the earliest
surviving texts of papal decretals—focus particularly on religious discipline
and include decisions on baptism, consecration, ordination, penance, and
continence. Siricius’ important decretal of 386 (written to Bishop Himerius of
Tarragona), commanding celibacy for priests, was the first decree
on this subject.[11] |
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|
39 |
27 Nov 399 – |
|
St Anastasius I |
Anastasius Maximus |
c. 340 ADRome, Roman Empire |
59 / 61 |
Roman. Instructed priests to stand and bow
their heads as they read from the Gospels. |
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5th century[]
|
Popes of the 5th
century |
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|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
40 |
21 Dec 401 – |
|
St Innocent I |
Innocentius |
c. 378 ADAlbanum, Latium
et Campania, Roman Empire |
41 / 57 |
Roman. Visigoth Sack of Rome (410) under Alaric. |
|
41 |
18 March 417 – |
|
St Zosimus |
Zṓsimos |
c. 370 ADMessurga, Lucania
et Bruttii, Roman Empire |
47 / 48 |
Greek. |
|
– |
27 Dec 418 – |
|
Eulalius |
Eulalius |
c. 380 ADRome, Roman Empire |
38 / 39 (†42) |
Roman. In opposition to Pope Boniface I. Elected on the eve
of the election of Boniface, first benefited from the support of the
emperor Honorius, but lost it quickly.
Exiled in Campania, and died in 423. |
|
42 |
28 Dec 418 – |
|
St Boniface I |
Bonifacius |
c. 377 ADRome, Roman Empire |
43 / 47 |
Roman. |
|
43 |
10 Sep 422 – |
|
St Celestine I |
Caelestinus |
42 / 52 |
Roman. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
8 April. |
|
|
44 |
31 July 432 – |
|
St Sixtus III |
Xystus |
c. 390 ADRome, Roman Empire |
42 / 50 |
Roman. |
|
45 |
29 Sep 440 – |
|
St Leo I |
Leo |
50 / 71 |
Roman. Convinced Attila the Hun to turn back his
invasion of Italy. Wrote the Tomewhich was instrumental
in the Council of Chalcedon and in defining
the hypostatic union. Feast day 10
November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
18 February. |
|
|
46 |
19 Nov 461 – |
|
St Hilarius |
Hilarius |
c. 400 ADSardinia, Western Roman Empire |
46 / 53 |
Roman. |
|
47 |
3 March 468 – |
|
St Simplicius |
Simplicius |
38 / 53 |
Roman. Papacy during the collapse of the Western
Roman Empire and subsequent overtaking of Rome and Italy in general by Odoacer. |
|
|
48 |
13 March 483 – |
|
St Felix III(Felix II) |
AniciusFelix |
c. 440 ADRome, Western Roman
Empire |
43 / 52 |
Imperial Roman pope. Sometimes called Felix II.
Great-great-grandfather of pope Gregory I. |
|
49 |
1 March 492 – |
|
St Gelasius I |
Gelasius |
82 / 86 |
Roman. The last pope to have been born on the
continent of Africa. The first pope called the "Vicar of Christ".[12] |
|
|
50 |
24 Nov 496 – |
|
Anastasius II |
Anastasius |
c. 445 ADRome, Western Roman
Empire |
51 / 53 |
Roman. Tried to end the Acacian schism but it resulted
in the Laurentian schism. |
|
51 |
22 Nov 498 – |
|
St Symmachus |
Symmachus |
c. 460 ADSardinia, Western
Roman Empire |
38 / 54 |
Roman. |
|
– |
22 Nov 498 – |
|
Laurence |
Laurentius |
c. 460 ADRome, Western Roman
Empire |
38 / 46 (†48) |
Roman. In opposition to Pope Symmachus. Elected on the same
day as Symachus, King Theodoric settled in favor
of his adversary. Took control of Rome in 501 and remained pope in fact until
506/08, year of his death. |
6th century[]
|
Popes of the 6th
century |
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|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
52 |
20 July 514 – |
|
St Hormisdas |
Hormisdas |
64 / 73 |
Roman. Father of Pope Silverius. Acacian schism. |
|
|
53 |
13 Aug 523 – |
|
St John I |
Ioannes |
c. 470 ADSena
Iulia, Etruria, Western Roman Empire |
53 / 56 |
Roman. |
|
54 |
12 July 526 – |
|
St Felix IV |
Felix |
c. 490 ADSamnium, Kingdom of Odoacer |
36 / 40 |
Roman. Sometimes called Felix III.
Built Santi Cosma e
Damiano. |
|
55 |
22 Sep 530 – |
|
Boniface II |
Bonifacius |
c. 490 ADRome, Kingdom of
Odoacer |
40 / 42 |
First Germanic pope. Changed
the numbering of the years in the Julian Calendar from Ab Urbe Condita to Anno Domini. |
|
– |
22 Sep 530 – |
|
Dioscore |
Dióskouros |
Alexandria, Aegyptus, Byzantine Empire |
– |
Greek. In opposition to Pope Boniface II. Candidate of the
Byzantine party, elected by the majority of the cardinals and recognized
by Constantinople, he died less than a
month after his election. |
|
56 |
2 Jan 533 – |
|
John II |
Mercurius |
c. 473 ADRome, Western Roman
Empire |
63 / 65 |
Roman. First pope not to use his personal
name. This was because of the Roman god, Mercury. |
|
57 |
13 May 535 – |
|
St Agapetus I |
Agapetus |
c. 470 ADRome, Kingdom of Odoacer |
45 / 46 |
Roman. Feast days 22 April and 20 September.
Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
17 April. |
|
58 |
8 June 536 – |
|
St Silverius |
Silverius |
c. 480 ADCicanum, Ostrogothic Kingdom |
56 / 57 |
Roman. Exiled; feast day 20 June, son
of Pope Hormisdas. |
|
59 |
29 March 537 – |
|
Vigilius |
Vigilius |
c. 500 ADRome, Kingdom of
Odoacer |
37 / 55 |
Roman. |
|
60 |
16 April 556 – |
|
Pelagius I |
Pelagius |
c. 505 ADRome, Ostrogothic
Kingdom |
51 / 56 |
Roman. Cred with the construction of the
basilica of Santi Apostoli. |
|
61 |
17 July 561 – |
|
John III |
Ioannes Catelinus |
c. 520 ADRome, Ostrogothic
Kingdom |
41 / 54 |
Roman. |
|
62 |
2 June 575 – |
|
Benedict I |
Benedictus |
c. 525 ADRome, Ostrogothic
Kingdom |
50 / 54 |
Roman. |
|
63 |
26 Nov 579 – |
|
Pelagius II |
Pelagius |
c. 520 ADRome, Ostrogothic
Kingdom |
59 / 70 |
Roman (probably of Ostrogothic descent).
Ordered the construction of the Basilica
di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura. |
|
64 |
3 Sep 590 – |
|
St Gregory I |
Anicius Gregorius |
c. 540 ADRome, Byzantine Empire |
50 / 64 |
Last imperial Roman Pope.
Great-great-grandson of pope Felix III. The first formally to employ the
titles Servus servorum Dei and Pontifex Maximus. Established
the Gregorian chant. Feast day 3
September. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
12 March. Known as "the Father of Christian Worship". Known as
"St. Gregory the Dialogist" in Eastern Orthodoxy. |
7th century[]
|
Popes of the 7th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
65 |
13 Sep 604 – |
|
Sabinian |
Sabinianus |
74 / 76 |
Roman. For the next two centuries the Roman
popes were all controlled by the Byzantine Empire. |
|
|
66 |
19 Feb 607 – |
|
Boniface III |
Boniphátios Kataandiókēs |
c. 540 ADRome, Byzantine Empire |
67 / 67 |
Greek Roman. |
|
67 |
15 Sep 608 – |
|
St Boniface IV |
Bonifacius |
58 / 65 |
Roman. First pope to bear the same name as
his immediate predecessor. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
|
68 |
13 Nov 615 – |
|
St Adeodatus I |
Adeodatus |
c. 570 ADRome, Byzantine Empire |
55 / 58 |
Roman. Sometimes called Deusd, as a
result Pope Adeodatus II is sometimes
called Pope Adeodatus without a number. The first pope to
use lead seals on papal documents, which in time came to be called Papal bulls. |
|
69 |
23 Dec 619 – |
|
Boniface V |
Boniphátios Phoumínos |
44 / 50 |
Greek. |
|
|
70 |
27 Oct 625 – |
|
Honorius I |
Honorius |
40 / 53 |
Roman. Named a heretic and anathematized by the Third
Council of Constantinople. (680) |
|
|
71 |
28 May 640 – |
|
Severinus |
Severinus |
c. 585 ADRome, Byzantine Empire |
55 / 55 |
Roman. |
|
72 |
24 Dec 640 – |
|
John IV |
Iōánnēs |
40 / 42 |
Greek. Second pope from Croatia. |
|
|
73 |
24 Nov 642 – |
|
Theodore I |
Theódōros |
c. 610 ADHierosolyma, Byzantine Empire |
32 / 39 |
Greek. The last pope from Palestine. Planned the Lateran Council of
649, but died before it could open. |
|
74 |
5 July 649 – |
|
St Martin I |
Martinus |
59 / 65 |
Roman. Last pope recognized as a martyr.
Feast day of 12 November. Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
14 April. |
|
|
75 |
10 Aug 654 – |
|
St Eugene I |
Eugenius |
c. 615 ADRome, Duchy of Rome |
39 / 42 |
Roman. |
|
76 |
30 July 657 – |
|
St Vitalian |
Vitalianus |
c. 600 Signia, Duchy of Rome |
57 / 72 |
Roman. |
|
77 |
11 April 672 – |
|
Adeodatus II |
Adeodatus |
c. 621 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
51 / 55 |
Roman. Sometimes called Pope
Adeodatus (without a number) in reference to Pope Adeodatus I sometimes being
called Pope Deusd. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
78 |
2 Nov 676 – |
|
Donus |
Donus |
c. 610 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
66 / 68 |
Roman. |
|
79 |
27 June 678 – |
|
St Agatho |
Agáthōn |
101 / 104 |
Greek. The oldest pope in history.[dubious discuss] Also revered as a saint in Eastern Christianity, with a feast day of
20 February. |
|
|
80 |
17
Aug 682 – |
|
St Leo II |
Léōn |
c.
611 Aydonum, Sicily, Byzantine
Empire |
71
/ 72 |
Greek.
Feast day 3 July. |
|
81 |
26
June 684 – |
|
St Benedict II |
Benedictus Sabellus |
c.
635 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
49
/ 50 |
Roman.
Feast day 7 May. |
|
82 |
23
July 685 – |
|
John V |
Iōánnēs |
c.
635 Antiochia, Syria, Byzantine
Empire |
50
/ 51 |
Converted
Syrian. |
|
83 |
21
Oct 686 – |
|
Conon |
Kónōn |
c.
630 Thracia, Byzantine Empire |
56
/ 57 |
Greek. |
|
84 |
15
Dec 687 – |
|
St Sergius I |
Sérgios |
c.
650 Palermo, Sicily, Byzantine Empire |
37
/ 51 |
Converted
Syrian. Introduced the singing of the Lamb of God at mass.[12] |
8th century[]
|
Popes of the 8th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
85 |
30 Oct 701 – |
|
John VI |
Iōánnēs |
c. 650 Ephesus, Byzantine Empire |
46 / 50 |
Greek. The only pope who came from Asia Minor. |
|
86 |
1 March 705 – |
|
John VII |
Iōánnēs |
55 / 57 |
Greek. The second pope to bear the same name
as his immediate predecessor. |
|
|
87 |
15 Jan 708 – |
|
Sisinnius |
Sisínios |
c. 650 Syria, Rashidun Caliphate |
58 / 58 |
Converted Syrian. |
|
88 |
25 March 708 – |
|
Constantine |
Kōnstantínos |
c. 664 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate |
44 / 51 |
Converted Syrian. Last pope to visit Greece while in office,
until John Paul II in 2001. |
|
89 |
19 May 715 – |
|
St Gregory II |
Gregorius Sabellus |
c. 669 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
46 / 62 |
Roman. Feast day 11 February. Held the Synod of Rome (721). |
|
90 |
18 March 731 – |
|
St Gregory III |
Grēgórios |
c. 669 Syria, Umayyad Caliphate |
41 / 51 |
Converted Syrian. The last pope from Syria. The third pope to
bear the same name as his immediate predecessor. Was previously the last pope
to have been born outside Europe until the election of Francisin 2013. |
|
91 |
3 Dec 741 – |
|
St Zachary |
Zakharías |
c. 679 Sancta Severina, Calabria, Byzantine
Empire |
62 / 73 |
Greek. Feast day 15 March. Built the church
of Santa Maria
sopra Minerva. |
|
(never consecrated) |
22 March 752 – |
|
Pope-elect Stephen |
Stephanus |
c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
52 / 52 |
Roman. Sometimes known as Stephen II. Died
three days after his election; never receiving episcopal consecration. Some
lists still include him. The Vatican sanctioned his addition in the sixteenth
century; removed in 1961. He is no longer considered a pope by the Catholic
Church. |
|
92 |
26 March 752 – |
|
Stephen II |
Stephanus Orsinus |
c. 714 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
38 / 43 |
Roman. Sometimes called Stephen III.
The Donation of Pepin. Brother of Paul I. |
|
93 |
29 May 757 – |
|
St Paul I |
Paulus Orsinus |
c. 700 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
57 / 67 |
Roman. Brother of Stephen II. |
|
94 |
7 Aug 768 – |
|
Stephen III |
Stéphanos |
c. 723 Syracuse, Thema Sicelias, Byzantine Empire |
45 / 49 |
Greek. Sometimes called Stephen IV. The Lateran Council
(769). |
|
95 |
1 Feb 772 – |
|
Adrian I |
Hadrianus Columna |
a. 700/12 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
60 (72) / 83 (95) |
Roman. |
|
96 |
26 Dec 795 – |
|
St Leo III |
Leo |
c. 750 Rome, Duchy of Rome |
45 / 66 |
Roman. Crowned CharlemagneImperator Augus on Christmas
Day, 800, thereby initiating what would become the office of Holy Roman Emperor requiring the
imprimatur of the pope for its legitimacy. |
.jpg)
9th century[]
|
Popes of the 9th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
97 |
22 June 816 – |
|
Stephen IV |
Stefano Colonna |
c. 770 Rome, Papal States |
46 / 47 |
Early Italian. Sometimes called Stephen V. |
|
98 |
25 Jan 817 – |
|
St Paschal I |
Pasquale Massimi |
c. 775 Rome, Papal States |
42 / 49 |
Italian, son of Bonosus and Episcopa Theodora. Cred with finding
the body of Saint Cecilia in the Catacomb of
Callixtus, building the basilica of Santa Cecilia
in Trastevere and the church of Santa Maria in
Domnica. |
|
99 |
8 May 824 – |
|
Eugene II |
Eugenio Savelli |
c. 780 Rome, Papal States |
44 / 47 |
Italian. |
|
100 |
31 Aug 827 – |
|
Valentine |
Valentino Leoni |
c. 780 Rome, Papal States |
47 / 47 |
Italian. |
|
101 |
20 Dec 827 – |
|
Gregory IV |
Gregorio |
c. 790 Rome, Papal States |
37 / 54 |
Italian. Rebuilt the atrium of St. Peter’s Basilicaand in the newly
decorated chapel transferred the body of Gregory I. |
|
102 |
25 Jan 844 – |
|
Sergius II |
Sergio Colonna |
c. 790 Rome, Papal States |
54 / 57 |
Italian. |
|
103 |
10 April 847 – |
|
St Leo IV |
Leone |
c. 790 Rome, Papal States |
57 / 65 |
Lombard. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
104 |
29 Sep 855 – |
|
Benedict III |
Benedetto |
c. 810 Rome, Papal States |
45 / 48 |
Italian. |
|
105 |
24 April 858 – |
|
St Nicholas I |
Niccolò Colonna |
c. 800 Rome, Papal States |
39 / 48 |
Italian. Encouraged missionary activity. |
|
106 |
14 Dec 867 – |
|
Adrian II |
Adriano |
c. 792 Rome, Papal States |
75 / 80 |
Italian. |
|
107 |
14 Dec 872 – |
|
John VIII |
Giovanni |
c. 820 Rome, Papal States |
52 / 62 |
Italian. First pope to be assassinated. |
|
108 |
16 Dec 882 – |
|
Marinus I |
Marino |
c. 830 Gallese, Papal States |
52 / 54 |
Italian. Sometimes also known as and called
"Martin II." |
|
109 |
17 May 884 – |
|
St Adrian III |
Adriano |
c. 830 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 50 |
Italian. Feast day 8 July. Maybe the pope
Adrian I was his ancestor. |
|
110 |
14 Sep 885 – |
|
Stephen V |
Stefano |
c. 840 Rome, Papal States |
45 / 51 |
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VI. |
|
111 |
6 Oct 891 – |
|
Formosus |
Formoso |
c. 805/16 Ostia, Papal States |
75 (85) / 80 (91) |
Italian. Posthumously ritually executed following
the Cadaver Synod. |
|
112 |
11 April 896 – |
|
Boniface VI |
Bonifacio |
c. 806 Rome, Papal States |
90 / 90 |
Italian. |
|
113 |
22 May 896 – |
|
Stephen VI |
Stefano di Spoletto |
c. 850 Rome, Papal States |
46 / 47 |
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VII. Held
the infamous Cadaver Synod. |
|
114 |
14 Aug 897 – |
|
Romanus |
Romano Marini |
c. 850 Gallese, Papal States |
47 / 47 |
Italian. |
|
115 |
Dec 897 – |
|
Theodore II |
Theódōros |
c. 840 Rome, Papal States |
57 / 57 |
Greek Italian. |
|
116 |
18 Jan 898 – |
|
John IX |
Giovanni |
c. 840 Tivoli, Papal States |
58 / 60 |
Germanic Italian. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
117 |
1 Feb 900 – |
|
Benedict IV |
Benedetto |
c. 840 Rome, Papal States |
60 / 63 |
Italian. |
10th century[]
|
Popes of the 10th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
118 |
30 July 903 – |
|
Leo V |
Leone Britigena |
c. 845 Ardea, Papal States |
58 / 58 (†59) |
Italian. Deposed and murdered. |
|
– |
Oct 903 – |
|
Christopher |
Cristoforo |
Rome, Papal States[birth 2] |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Leo V and Pope Sergius III |
|
|
119 |
29 Jan 904 – |
|
Sergius III |
Sergio di Tuscolo |
c. 860 Rome, Papal States |
44 / 51 |
Italian. "Saeculum obscurum" begins. The
first pope to be depicted with the Papal Tiara. |
|
120 |
14 April 911 – |
|
Anastasius III |
Anastasio |
c. 865 Rome, Papal States |
46 / 48 |
Italian. |
|
121 |
7 July 913 – |
|
Lando |
Lando |
c. 865 Sabina, Papal States |
48 / 49 |
Italian. |
|
122 |
March 914 – |
|
John X |
Giovanni |
c. 860 Tossignano, Romagna (formally
part of the Papal States) |
54 / 68 |
Italian. |
|
123 |
28 May 928 – |
|
Leo VI |
Leone |
c. 880 Rome, Papal States |
48 / 48 |
Italian. |
|
124 |
3 Feb 929 – |
|
Stephen VII |
Stefano |
c. 880 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 51 |
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen VIII. |
|
125 |
15 March 931 – |
|
John XI |
Giovanni di Tuscolo |
c. 910 Rome, Papal States |
21 / 25 |
Italian. Probably, according to the Liber Pontificalis and Liutprand of Cremona, the son of Pope
Sergius III, and not of Alberic I of Spoleto, who was Marozia's husband. |
|
126 |
3 Jan 936 – |
|
Leo VII |
Leone |
c. 885 Rome, Papal States |
41 / 44 |
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
127 |
14 July 939 – |
|
Stephen VIII |
Stefano |
c. 900 Rome, Papal States |
39 / 42 |
Italian. Sometimes called Stephen IX. |
|
128 |
30 Oct 942 – |
|
Marinus II |
Marino |
c. 900 Rome, Papal States |
42 / 46 |
Italian. |
|
129 |
10 May 946 – |
|
Agapetus II |
Agapito |
c. 905 Rome, Papal States |
41 / 50 |
Italian. |
|
130 |
16 Dec 955 – |
|
John XII |
Ottaviano di Tuscolo |
c. 930/37 Rome, Papal States |
18 (25) / 26 (33) |
Italian. Second Pope not to use his personal
name, after John II. Deposed in 963 by
Emperor Otto invalidly; end of the "Saeculum obscurum". |
|
– |
6 Dec 963 – |
|
Leo VIII |
Leone |
c. 915 Rome, Papal States |
48 / 49 |
Italian. Appointed antipope by Emperor Otto in
963 in opposition to John XIIand Benedict V. He became the true
pope after Benedict V was deposed. |
|
130 |
26 Feb 964 – |
|
John XII |
Ottaviano di Tuscolo |
c. 937 Rome, Papal States |
27 / 27 |
Italian. Murdered in 964. |
|
131 |
22 May 964 – |
|
Benedict V |
Benedetto |
c. 915 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 49 (†50) |
Italian. Elected by the people of Rome, in
opposition to the Antipope Leo VIIIwho was appointed by
Emperor Otto; he accepted his own deposition in 964 leaving Leo VIII as the
sole pope. |
|
132 |
23 June 964 – |
|
Leo VIII |
Leone |
c. 915 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 50 |
Italian. Became the true pope after Benedict
V was deposed, after being antipope from 963 to 964,
in opposition to Pope John XII and Pope Benedict V. An appointee of
the Holy Roman Emperor, Otto I, his pontificate
occurred during the period known as the Saeculum obscurum. |
|
133 |
1 Oct 965 – |
|
John XIII |
Giovanni dei Crescenzi |
c. 930 Rome, Papal States |
45 / 52 |
Italian. Chronicled after his death as
"the Good". |
|
134 |
19 Jan 973 – |
|
Benedict VI |
Benedikt |
c. 925 Rome, Papal States |
48 / 49 |
German Italian. Deposed and murdered. |
|
– |
July 974– |
|
Boniface VII |
Francone Ferucci |
Rome, Roman Empire[birth 2] |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Benedict VI and Pope Benedict VII |
|
|
135 |
Oct 974 – |
|
Benedict VII |
Benedetto di Spoleto |
c. 930 Rome, Papal States |
44 / 53 |
Italian. |
|
136 |
Dec 983 – |
|
John XIV |
Pietro Canepanora |
c. 940 Pavia, Kingdom
of Italy, Holy Roman Empire |
43 / 44 |
Italian. Fourth Pope not to use his personal
name, after John II, John IIIand John XII. |
|
– |
20 Aug 984– |
|
Boniface VII |
Francone Ferucci |
Rome, Roman Empire[birth 2] |
Italian. In opposition to Pope John XIV and Pope John XV |
|
|
137 |
20 Aug 985 – |
|
John XV |
Giovanni di Gallina Alba |
c. 950 Rome, Papal States |
35 / 46 |
Italian. The first pope to formally canonize
a saint. |
|
138 |
3 May 996 – |
|
Gregory V |
Bruno von Kärnten |
c. 972 Stainach, Duchy of Carinthia, Holy Roman Empire |
24 / 27 |
The first German Pope and fifth not to use
his personal name. Henceforth, this decision became tradition among future
popes. |
|
– |
April 997– |
|
John XVI |
Iōánnēs Philágathos |
c. 941 Rossano, Calabria, Italy,
Byzantine Empire |
55 / 56 (†60) |
Greek. In opposition to Pope Gregory V |
|
139 |
2 April 999 – |
|
Sylvester II |
52 (54) / 56 (58) |
The first French (Occitan) pope. |
||
.jpg)
2nd millennium[]
11th century[]
|
Popes of the 11th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
140 |
16 May 1003 – |
|
John XVII |
Siccone Secchi |
c. 955 Rome, Papal States |
48 / 48 |
Italian. |
|
141 |
25 December 1003 – |
|
John XVIII |
Giovanni Fasano |
c. 965 Rapagnano, |
43 / 49 |
Italian. |
|
142 |
31 July 1009 – |
|
Sergius IV |
Pietro Martino Boccadiporco |
c. 970 Rome, Papal States |
39 / 42 |
Italian. |
|
– |
12 June 1012 – |
|
Gregory VI |
Gregorio |
Rome, Papal States |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Benedict VIII, |
|
|
143 |
18 May 1012 – |
|
Benedict VIII |
Teofilatto di Tuscolo |
c. 980 Rome, Papal States |
32 / 44 |
Italian. |
|
144 |
14 May 1024 – |
|
John XIX |
Romano di Tuscolo |
c. 975 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 57 |
Italian. Brother of Benedict VIII. |
|
145 |
21 October 1032 – |
|
Benedict IX |
Teofilatto di Tuscolo |
Rome, Papal States |
20 / 32 (†43) |
Italian; 1st Term. |
|
146 |
13 January 1045 – |
|
Sylvester III |
Giovanni dei Crescenzi Ottaviani |
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States |
45 / 45 (†63) |
Italian. Validity of election questioned;
considered Anti-Pope; deposed at the Council of Sutri. |
|
147 |
10 March 1045 – |
|
Benedict IX |
Teofilatto di Tuscolo |
Rome, Papal States |
33 / 33 (†43) |
Italian. 2nd Term; deposed at the Council of Sutri. |
|
148 |
5 May 1045 – |
|
Gregory VI |
Giovanni Graziano Pierleoni |
c. 1000 Rome, Papal States |
45 / 46 (†48) |
Italian. Deposed at the Council of Sutri. |
|
149 |
24 December 1046 – |
|
Clement II |
Suidger von Morsleben-Hornburg |
c. 967 Hornburg, Duchy of Saxony,
Holy Roman Empire |
79 / 80 |
German. Appointed by Henry III at the Council of Sutri; crowned Henry III as
Holy Roman Emperor. |
|
150 |
8 November 1047 – |
|
Benedict IX |
Teofilatto di Tuscolo |
1012 Rome, Papal States |
35 / 36 (†43) |
Italian. 3rd Term; deposed and
excommunicated. |
|
151 |
16 July 1048 – |
|
Damasus II |
Poppo de Curagnoni |
c. 1000 Pildenau, Duchy of Bavaria, Holy Roman Empire |
48 / 48 |
German. |
|
152 |
12 February 1049 – |
|
St Leo IX |
Bruno von Egisheim-Dagsburg |
21 July 1002 Eguisheim, Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire |
47 / 51 |
German. In 1054, mutual excommunications of Leo IX
and Patriarch
of Constantinople Michael I Cerularius began the East–West Schism. The anathematizations were rescinded
by Pope Paul VI and Patriarch
Athenagoras in 1965.[13] |
|
153 |
13 April 1055 – |
|
Victor II |
Gebhard II von Calw-Dollnstein-Hirschberg |
c. 1018 Duchy of Swabia, Holy Roman Empire |
37 / 39 |
German. |
|
154 |
2 August 1057 – |
|
Stephen IX |
Frederich, Herzog von Lothringen |
c. 1020 Duchy of Lorraine, Holy Roman Empire |
37 / 38 |
German. Sometimes called Stephen X. Member of
the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
– |
4 April 1058 – |
|
Benedict X |
Giovanni Mincio di Tuscolo |
Rome, Papal States |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Nicholas II, |
|
|
155 |
6 December 1058 – |
|
Nicholas II |
Gerald de Bourgogne |
c. 980 Château de Chevron, County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire |
78 / 81 |
French. In 1059 the College of Cardinals was
designated the sole body of pope electors in the document In nomine Domini. (Papal conclave). |
|
– |
30 September 1061– |
|
Honorius II |
Pietro Candalus |
1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire |
61 / 72 |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Alexander II |
|
156 |
30 September 1061 – |
|
Alexander II |
Anselmo da Baggio |
46 / 58 |
Italian. Authorised the Norman
conquest of England in 1066. |
|
|
157 |
22 April 1073 – |
|
St Gregory VII |
Ildebrando Aldobrandeschidi Soana |
c. 1015 Sovana, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire |
48 / 60 |
Italian. Initiated the Gregorian Reforms. Restricted the use
of the title "Papa" to the Bishop of Rome.[4]Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Political struggle with German Emperor Henry IV, who had to go
to Canossa(1077). |
|
– |
25 Jun 1080– |
|
Clement III |
Pietro Cadnalus |
1010 Verona, Holy Roman Empire |
61 / 72 |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Gregory VII, Pope Victor III, Pope Urban II and Pope Paschal II |
|
158 |
24 May 1086 – |
|
Bl. Victor III |
Dauferio Epifanio |
c. 1026 Benevento, Duchy of Benevento |
60 / 61 |
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Called the Synod of Benevento (1087) condemning lay
investiture. |
|
159 |
12 March 1088 – |
|
Bl. Urban II |
Odon de Lagery |
c. 1042 Châtillon-sur-Marne, County of Champagne, France |
46 / 57 |
French. Preached and started the First Crusade. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
160 |
13 August 1099 – |
|
Paschal II |
Rainero Ranieri |
c. 1050 Bleda, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire |
49 / 68 |
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Ordered the building of the basilica of Santi Quattro
Coronati. |
|
– |
8 Sep 1100– |
|
Theodoric |
Teodorico |
c. 1030 Rome, Papal States |
70 / 71 |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Paschal II |
.jpg)
12th century[]
|
Popes of the 12th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
– |
Jan 1101 – |
|
Adalbert |
Adalberto |
Rome, Papal States |
Italian. In opposition to Pope Paschal II |
|
|
– |
8 Nov 1105– |
|
Sylvester IV |
Maguinulf |
1050 Rome, Papal States |
49 / 55 (†56) |
German Italian. In Opposition to Pope Paschal II |
|
161 |
24 January 1118 – |
|
Gelasius II |
c. 1061 Gaeta, Duchy of Gaeta |
57 / 58 |
Italian. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. |
|
|
– |
10 Mar 1118 – |
|
Gregory VIII |
Maurice Baurdain |
58 / 61 (†77) |
French (Occitan). In Opposition to Pope Gelasius II and Pope Callixtus II |
|
|
162 |
2 February 1119 – |
|
Callixtus II |
Guy de Bourgogne, Comte de Bourgogne |
c. 1060 Quingey, Franche-Comté |
59 / 64 |
French. Opened the First
Council of the Lateran in 1123. |
|
– |
16 December 1124– |
|
Celestine II |
Teobaldo Boccapecora |
1050 Rome, Papal States |
74 / 74 (†76) |
French. In Opposition to Pope Honorius II |
|
163 |
21 December 1124 – |
|
Honorius II |
64 / 70 |
Italian. Canon Regular of S. Maria di San
Reno. Approved the new military order of the Knights Templar in 1128. |
||
|
164 |
14 February 1130 – |
|
Innocent II |
Gregorio Papareschi |
c. 1082 Rome, Papal States |
48 / 61 |
Italian. Canon Regular of Lateran; Convened
the Second
Council of the Lateran, 1139. |
|
– |
14 February 1130 – |
|
Anacletus II |
Pietro Pierleoni |
1090 Rome, Papal States |
40 / 48 |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II |
|
– |
23 Mar 1138– |
|
Victor IV |
Gregorio Conti |
Rome, Papal States |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Innocent II |
|
|
165 |
26 September 1143 – |
|
Celestine II |
Guido Guelfuccio de Castello |
c. 1085 Città di Castello, Papal States |
58 / 59 |
Italian. |
|
166 |
12 March 1144 – |
|
Lucius II |
Gherardo Caccianemici dall'Orso |
c. 1095 Bologna, Holy Roman Empire |
49 / 50 |
Italian. Canon Regular of S. Frediano di
Lucca. |
|
167 |
15 February 1145 – |
|
Bl. Eugene III |
c. 1080 Montemagno, Republic of Pisa |
44 / 52 |
Italian. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Announced the Second Crusade. |
|
|
168 |
12 July 1153– |
|
Anastasius IV |
Corrado Demitri della Suburra |
c. 1073 Rome, Papal States |
80 / 81 |
Italian. |
|
169 |
4 December 1154 – |
|
Adrian IV |
Nicholas Breakspear |
c. 1100 Abbots Langley, Hertfordshire, Kingdom of England |
54 / 59 |
First and only English pope; purportedly
granted Ireland to Henry II, King of England.
Canon Regular of St. Rufus Monastery. |
|
170 |
7 September 1159 – |
|
Alexander III |
Rolando Bandinelli |
c. 1100 Siena, Republic of Siena |
59 / 81 |
Italian. Convened the Third
Council of the Lateran, 1179. |
|
– |
7 September 1159 – |
|
Victor IV |
Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di
Monticelli |
1095 Rome, Papal States |
64 / 69 |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III |
|
– |
28 April 1164 – |
|
Paschal III |
Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di
Monticelli |
1110 Rome, Papal States |
54 / 58 |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III |
|
– |
30 September 1168 – |
|
Callixtus III |
Giovanni di Struma |
1090 Rome, Papal States |
78 / 88 (†90) |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III |
|
– |
29 September 1179 – |
|
Innocent III |
Lando di Sezze |
1120 Sezze, Papal States |
59 / 60 (†63) |
Italian. In Opposition to Pope Alexander III |
|
171 |
1 September 1181 – |
|
Lucius III |
Ubaldo Allucignoli |
c. 1097 Lucca, March of Tuscany, Holy Roman Empire |
84 / 88 |
Italian. |
|
172 |
25 November 1185 – |
|
Urban III |
Uberto Crivelli |
c. 1100/05 Cuggiono, Holy Roman Empire |
67 / 67 |
Italian. |
|
173 |
21 October
1187 – |
|
Gregory VIII |
Alberto de Morra |
c. 1105/08 Benevento, Papal States |
79 (82) / 79 (82) |
Italian. Canon Regular Premostratense.
Proposed the Third Crusade. |
|
174 |
19 December
1187 – |
|
Clement III |
Paolo Scolari |
c. 1130 Rome, Papal States |
57 / 61 |
Italian. |
|
175 |
30 March 1191 – |
|
Celestine III |
Giacinto Bobone Orsini |
c. 1106 Rome, Papal States |
85 / 92 |
Motto: Perfice
gressus meos in semitis tuis ("Going in Thy path") |
|
176 |
8 January 1198 – |
|
Innocent III |
Lotario dei Conti di Segni |
1161 Gavignano, Papal States |
37 / 55 |
Italian. Convened the Fourth
Council of the Lateran, 1215. Initiated the Fourth Crusade but later
distanced himself from it and threatened participants with excommunication
when it became clear that the leadership abandoned a focus on conquest of
the Holy Land and instead
intended to sack Christian cities.[16] Endorsed
the Franciscan Order. |
.svg){kind=small}
.jpg)
13th century[]
|
Popes of the 13th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
177 |
18 July 1216– |
|
Honorius III |
Cencio Savelli |
c. 1148/50 Rome, Papal States |
66 (68) / 77 (79) |
Italian. Initiated the Fifth Crusade. Approved several
religious and tertiary orders. |
|
178 |
19 March 1227 – |
|
Gregory IX |
c. 1145/70 Anagni, Papal States |
57 (82) / 71 (96) |
Italian. Canonized Elisabeth of Hungary(1235). Initiated the
Inquisition in France and endorsed the Northern Crusades. |
|
|
179 |
25 October 1241 – |
|
Celestine IV |
Goffredo Castiglioni |
c. 1180/87 Milan, Italy, Holy Roman Empire |
54 (61) / 54 (61) |
Italian. Died before coronation. |
|
180 |
25 June 1243 – |
|
Innocent IV |
Sinibaldo Fieschi |
c. 1195 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire |
48 / 60 |
Italian. Convened the First Council of
Lyons(1245). Issued the bull Ad extirpanda that permitted
the torture of heretics (1252). |
|
181 |
12 December 1254 – |
|
Alexander IV |
Rinaldo dei Contidi Jenne |
c. 1199 Jenne, Papal States |
55 / 62 |
Italian. Established an Inquisition in
France. |
|
182 |
29 August 1261 – |
|
Urban IV |
Jacques Pantaléon |
c. 1195 Troyes, County of Champagne, France |
66 / 69 |
French. Instituted the feast of Corpus
Christi(1264). |
|
183 |
5 February 1265 – |
|
Clement IV |
Gui Faucoi |
23 November 1190 Saint-Gilles, Languedoc, France |
62 / 66 |
French. |
|
— |
29 November 1268 – |
|
Almost three-year period without a valid
pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. |
||||
|
184 |
1 September 1271 – |
|
Bl. Gregory X |
c. 1210 Piacenza, Italy, Holy Roman Empire |
51 / 66 |
Italian. Convened the Second Council of
Lyons (1274). Responsible for regulation all papal conclaves
until the 20th century. |
|
|
185 |
21 January
1276 – |
|
Bl. Innocent V |
Pierre de Tarentaise, O.P. |
c. 1224/5 County of Savoy, Holy Roman Empire |
52 / 52 |
French. Member of the Dominican Order. |
|
186 |
11 July 1276– |
|
Adrian V |
Ottobuono Fieschi |
c. 1216 Genoa, Republic of Genoa, Holy Roman Empire |
60 / 60 |
Italian. Annulled Gregory X's papal bull on
the regulations of papal conclaves. |
|
187 |
8
September 1276 – |
|
John XXI |
Pedro Julião (a.k.a. Petrus Hispanus and
Pedro Hispano) |
c. 1215 Lisbon, Portugal |
60 / 70 |
Portuguese. Due to a confusion over the numbering of popes
named John in the 13th century, there was no John XX. There has never been a John XX,
because the 20th pope of this name formerly when elected, decided to skip the
number XX and be counted as John XXI instead. He wanted to correct what in
his time was believed to be an error in the counting of his predecessors John
XV to XIX. |
|
188 |
25 November 1277 – |
|
Nicholas III |
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini |
c. 1216 Rome, Papal States |
61 / 64 |
Italian. Planned the Sicilian Vespers. |
|
189 |
22 February 1281 – |
|
Martin IV |
Simon de Brion |
c. 1210 Meinpicien, Touraine, France |
71 / 75 |
French. |
|
190 |
2 April 1285– |
|
Honorius IV |
Giacomo Savelli |
c. 1210 Rome, Papal States |
75 / 77 |
Italian. |
|
191 |
22 February 1288 – |
|
Nicholas IV |
Girolamo Masci, O.F.M. |
30 September 1227 Lisciano, Papal States |
60 / 64 |
Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order. |
|
— |
4 April 1292 – |
|
Two-year period without a valid
pope elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. |
||||
|
192 |
5 July 1294– |
|
St Celestine V |
Pietro Angelerio, O.S.B. |
c. 1207/09 Sant'Angelo Limosano, Kingdom of Sicily |
85 (87) / (85) 87 (†87/9) |
Italian. One of the few popes who abdicated
voluntarily. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Founded the Celestines. Resigned from office
and rumored to have been murdered in prison by Boniface VIII. |
|
193 |
24 December 1294 – |
|
Boniface VIII |
Benedetto Caetani |
c. 1230/36 Anagni, Papal States |
59 (64) / 68 (73) |
Italian. Formalized the Jubilee in 1300.
Issued Unam Sanctam (1302) which proclaimed
papal supremacy and pushing it to its historical extreme. |
.jpg)
14th century[]
|
Popes of the 14th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
194 |
22 October 1303 – |
|
Bl. Benedict XI |
Niccolò Boccasini, O.P. |
c. 1240 Treviso, Papal States |
63 / 64 |
Motto: Illustra
faciem Tuam super servum Tuum ("Let Your Face shine upon Your
servant") Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Reverted Boniface
VIII's Unam Sanctam. |
|
195 |
5 June 1305– |
|
Clement V |
Raymond
Bertrand de Gouth/ de Goth/de Got |
c.
1264 Villandraut, Gascony, France |
41
/ 50 |
French. Pope at Avignon. Convened the Council of Vienne (1311–1312).
Initiated the persecution of the Knights Templar with the bull Pastoralis
Praeeminentiae under pressure from King Philip IV of France. |
|
— |
20
April 1314 – |
|
Two-year period without a valid pope
elected. This was due to a deadlock among cardinals voting for the pope. |
||||
|
196 |
7 August 1316 – |
|
John XXII |
Jacques
d'Euse; Jacques Duèse |
67
(72) / 85 (90) |
French. Pope at Avignon. Controversial for
his views on the Beatific Vision. |
|
|
– |
12
May 1328– |
|
Nicholas V |
Pietro
Rainalducci, |
1260 Corvaro, Papal States |
68
/ 70 (†73) |
Italian.
In Opposition to John XXII |
|
197 |
20 December 1334 – |
|
Benedict XII |
Jacques
Fournier, O.Cist. |
c.
1280/85 Saverdun, County of Foix, France |
49
(54) / 57 (62) |
French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Cistercians. Known for issuing
the Apostolic
constitution Benedictus
Deus(1336). |
|
198 |
7 May 1342– |
|
Clement VI |
Pierre
Roger, O.S.B. |
c.
1291 Maumont, Limousin, France |
51
/ 61 |
French. Pope at Avignon. Reigned during the Black Death and absolved
those who died of it of their sins. |
|
199 |
18 December 1352 – |
|
Innocent VI |
Étienne
Aubert |
c.
1282 Les Monts, Limousin, France |
70
/ 80 |
French. Pope at Avignon. Through his
exertions the Treaty of Brétigny (1360) was
brought about. |
|
200 |
28 September 1362 – |
|
Bl. Urban V |
Guillaume
(de) Grimoard, O.S.B. |
c.
1309/10 Grizac, Languedoc, France |
52
(53) / 60 (61) |
French. Pope at Avignon. Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Reformed areas of education and sent missionary
movements across Europe and Asia. His pontificate
witnessed the Alexandrian and Savoyard crusades. |
|
201 |
30 December 1370 – |
|
Gregory XI |
Pierre
Roger de Beaufort |
c.
1329 Maumont, Limousin, France |
41
/ 49 |
French. Pope at Avignon; returns to Rome. The
last French pope. |
|
202 |
8 April 1378– |
|
Urban VI |
Bartolomeo
Prignano |
c.
1318 Naples, Kingdom of Naples |
60
/ 71 |
Italian. Western Schism. Last pontiff to be
elected outside the College of Cardinals. |
|
– |
20
September 1378 – |
|
Clement VII |
Robert
of Geneva |
36
/ 52 |
French.
In Opposition to Urban VI(1378–89) and Boniface IX (1389–1404) |
|
|
– |
28
September 1394 – |
|
Benedict XIII |
Pedro
Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor |
25
November 1328 Chateau d'Annecy, County of Savoy, H.R.E. |
66
/ 94 |
French.
In Opposition to Popes Boniface IX (1389–1404), Innocent VII (1404–06), Gregory XII (1406–15), Martin V (1417–31) and
Pisan Antipopes Alexander V (1409–10)
and John XXIII (1410–15) |
|
203 |
2 November 1389 – |
|
Boniface IX |
Pietro
Tomacelli Cybo |
c.
1348/50 Naples, Kingdom of Naples |
33
(35) / 48 (50) |
Italian. Western Schism. |
.jpg)
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
15th century[]
·
R This pope resigned his office.
·
B The exact birth date of Innocent VIII and almost
all popes prior to Eugene IV is unknown, therefore the lowest probable age has
been assumed for this table.
|
Popes of the 15th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
204 |
17 October 1404 – |
|
Innocent VII |
Cosimo Gentile Migliorati |
1336/39 Sulmona, Kingdom of Naples |
65 (68) / 67 (71) [B] |
Italian. Western Schism. |
|
205 |
30 November 1406 – |
|
Gregory XII |
Angelo Correr |
14 May 1324 Venice, Republic of Venice |
82 / 91 (†91) |
Italian. Western Schism. Last Pope to
abdicate during the Second Millennium CE. Died 18 October 1417. |
|
– |
30 June 1409 – |
|
Alexander V |
Petros Philargos, |
70 / 71 |
Greek. Western Schism; In Opposition
to Gregory XIIconsidered a
legitimate Pope until 1963 and is numbered as such to this day. |
|
|
– |
25 May 1410 – |
|
John XXIII |
Baldassarre Cossa |
45 / 50 (†54) |
Italian. Western Schism; In Opposition
to Gregory XII, Abdicated, later
Became The Dean of
the College of Cardinals in 1417. Was considered a legitimate Pope
until 1963. Convened Council of Constance. |
|
|
— |
4 July 1415 – |
|
Two-year period without a valid pope
elected. Council of Constance collectively
exercised Papal power until all popes were dead. |
||||
|
206 |
11 November 1417 – |
|
Martin V |
Jan/Feb 1369 Genazzano, Papal States |
48 / 62 |
Italian. Convened the Council of Basel(1431). Initiated
the Hussite Wars. |
|
|
– |
12 November 1425 – |
|
Clement VIII |
Gil Sánchez Muñoz y Carbón |
54 / 60 (†77) |
Italian. Western Schism; In Opposition
to Martin V |
|
|
– |
5 November 1439 – |
|
Felix V |
Amadeus VIII of Savoy |
56 / 65 (†67) |
||
|
207 |
3 March 1431 – |
|
Eugene IV |
Gabriele Condulmer, O.S.A. |
1383 Venice, Republic of Venice |
47 / 63 [B] |
Italian. Member of the Augustinian
Order. Nephew of Martin V. Crowned Sigismundemperor at Rome in
1433. Transferred the Council of Basel to Ferrara. It was later transferred
again, to Florence, because of the Bubonic plague. |
|
208 |
6 March 1447 – |
|
Nicholas V |
Tommaso Parentucelli, O.P. |
13 November 1397 Sarzana, Republic of Genoa |
49 / 57 |
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Held the Jubilee of 1450. Crowned Frederick
III emperor at Rome (1452). Issued the Papal Bull Dum Diversasallowing Portugal's
right to conquer and subjugate Saracens and pagans (1452). Created a library
in the Vatican which would eventually become the Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana. |
|
209 |
8 April 1455– |
|
Callixtus III |
Alfonso de Borja |
31 December 1378 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia,
Crown of Aragon |
76 / 79 |
The first Spanish pope. Ordered the Feast of the
Transfiguration to be celebrated on 6 August. Ordered
the retrial of Joan of Arc, in which she was
vindicated. |
|
210 |
19 August 1458 – |
|
Pius II |
Enea Silvio Piccolomini |
18 October 1405 Corsignano, Republic of Siena |
52 / 58 |
Italian. Displayed a great interest in urban
planning. Founded Pienza near Siena as
the ideal city in 1462. Known for his work on the Commentaries. |
|
211 |
30 August 1464 – |
|
Paul II |
Pietro Barbo |
23 February 1417 Venice, Republic of Venice |
47 / 54 |
Italian. The nephew of Eugene IV. Built the
Palazzo San Marco (now Palazzo Venezia). Approved the
introduction of printing in the Papal States. |
|
212 |
9 August 1471 – |
|
Sixtus IV |
Francesco della Rovere, O.F.M. |
21 July 1414 Celle Ligure, Republic of Genoa |
57 / 70 |
Italian. Member of the Franciscan Order. Commissioned
the Sistine Chapel. Authorized an
Inquisition targeting converted Jewish Christians in Spain at the request
of Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand. |
|
213 |
29 August 1484 – |
|
Innocent VIII |
Giovanni Battista Cybo |
1432 Genoa, Republic of Genoa |
51 / 59 [B] |
Italian. Appointed Tomás de Torquemada. Endorsed the
prosecution of witchcraft in the bull Summis
desiderantes affectibus(1484). |
|
214 |
11 August 1492 – |
|
Alexander VI |
Roderic Llançol i de Borja |
1 January 1431 Xàtiva, Kingdom of Valencia,
Crown of Aragon |
61 / 72 |
Spanish; Nephew of Callixtus III; father
to Cesare Borgia and Lucrezia Borgia. Divided the
extra-European world between Spain and Portugal in the bull Inter caetera(1493). No Alexander V
due to the antipope. |
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.svg){kind=small}
.jpg)
16th century[]
|
Popes of the 16th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
215 |
22
September 1503 – |
|
Pius III |
Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini |
29 May 1439 Siena, Republic of Siena |
64 / 64 |
Italian. Nephew of Pius II. Founded the
Piccolomini Library in the Siena Cathedral. |
|
216 |
31 October
1503 – |
|
Julius II |
Giuliano della Rovere, O.F.M. |
5 December 1443 Albisola, Republic of Genoa |
59 / 69 |
Italian. Nephew of Sixtus IV; convened
the Fifth
Council of the Lateran (1512). Took control of all the Papal States for the first
time. Commissioned Michelangelo to paint
the Sistine Chapel
ceiling. Commissioned the rebuilding of St Peter's Basilica. |
|
217 |
9 March 1513 – |
|
Leo X |
Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici |
11 December 1475 Florence, Republic of Florence |
37 / 45 |
Italian. Son of Lorenzo the Magnificent. Closed the Fifth
Council of the Lateran. Remembered for granting indulgences to those who
donated to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica; excommunicated Martin Luther(1521). Extended the
Spanish Inquisition into Portugal. |
|
218 |
9 January 1522 – |
|
Adrian VI |
Adriaan Floriszoon Boeyens |
2 March 1459 Utrecht, Bishopric of
Utrecht, Holy Roman Empire (now Netherlands) |
62 / 64 |
Motto: Patere
et sustine ("Respect and wait")[17] The only Dutch pope; last non-Italian to be elected pope
until John Paul II in 1978. Tutor
of Emperor Charles V. Retained his
baptismal name as his regnal name. |
|
219 |
26 November 1523 – |
|
Clement VII |
Giulio
di Giuliano de' Medici |
26
May 1478 Florence, Republic of Florence |
45
/ 56 |
Motto: Candor illæsus ("Unharmed candor")[18] Italian; Cousin of Leo X. Rome plundered by imperial
troops (1527). Forbade the divorce of Henry VIII; crowned Charles V as
emperor at Bologna (1530).
His niece was married to
the future Henry II of France. Ordered
Michelangelo's painting of The Last Judgment in the Sistine
Chapel. |
|
220 |
13 October 1534 – |
|
Paul III |
Alessandro Farnese |
29
February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States |
66
/ 81 |
Italian.
Opened the Council of Trent(1545). His
illegitimate son became the first Duke of Parma. Decreed the second
and final excommunication of Henry VIII. Appointed Michelangelo to supervise
construction of St. Peter's Basilica (1546). |
|
221 |
7 February 1550 – |
|
Julius III |
Giovanni
Maria Ciocchi del Monte |
10
September 1487 Rome, Lazio, Papal States |
62
/ 67 |
Italian.
Established the Collegium
Germanicum (1552). Reconvened the Council of
Trent. The Innocenzo
Scandal. |
|
222 |
9 April 1555– |
|
Marcellus II |
Marcello
Cervini degli Spannochi |
6
May 1501 Montefano, Marche, Papal States |
53
/ 53 |
Italian.
The last to use his birth name as the regnal name. Instituted immediate
economies in Vatican expenditures. The Missa Papae Marcelli composed in his
honour. |
|
223 |
23 May 1555 – |
|
Paul IV |
Giovanni
Pietro Carafa, C.R. |
28
June 1476 Capriglia Irpina, Campania, Kingdom of Naples |
78
/ 83 |
Motto: Dominus mihi adjutor ("The Lord is my helper")[19] Italian. Member of the Theatines. Established
the Roman Ghetto in Cum Nimis Absurdum (1555) and
established the Index of
Forbidden Books. Ordered Michelangelo to repaint the nudes
of The Last Judgment modestly. |
|
224 |
26 December 1559 – |
|
Pius IV |
Giovanni
Angelo Medici |
31
March 1499 Milan, Duchy of Milan |
60
/ 66 |
Italian.
Reopened and closed the Council of Trent. Ordered public
construction to improve the water supply of Rome. Instituted the Tridentine
Creed. |
|
225 |
7 January 1566 – |
|
St Pius V |
Antonio
Ghislieri, O.P. |
17
January 1504 Bosco, Piedmont, Duchy of Milan |
61
/ 68 |
Motto: Utinam dirigantur viæ meæ ad custodiendas ("It binds us to
keep")[20] Italian. Member of the Dominican Order. Excommunicated Elizabeth I (1570). Battle of
Lepanto (1571); instituted the feast of Our Lady of Victory. Issued the 1570 Roman Missal. |
|
226 |
13 May 1572 – |
|
Gregory XIII |
Ugo
Boncompagni |
7
January 1502 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States |
70
/ 83 |
Motto: Aperuit et clausit ("Opened and closed")[21] Italian. Reformed the calendar (1582); built
the Gregorian Chapel in the Vatican. The first pope to bestow the Immaculate
Conception as Patroness to the Philippine Islands through the
bull Ilius Fulti Præsido (1579). Strengthened diplomatic
ties with Asian nations. |
|
227 |
24 April 1585 – |
|
Sixtus V |
Felice
Peretti di Montalto, O.F.M. Conv. |
13
December 1521 Grottammare, Marche, Papal States |
63
/ 68 |
Italian.
Member of the Conventual
Franciscan Order. Known for fixing and completing building
works to major basilicas in Rome. Limited the College of Cardinals to 70 in number;
doubled the number of curial congregations. |
|
228 |
15
September 1590 – |
|
Urban VII |
Giovanni
Battista Castagna |
4
August 1521 Rome, Lazio, Papal States |
69
/ 69 |
Italian;
Supported by the Spanish. Shortest-reigning pope; died before coronation. Set
the first known worldwide smoking ban, banning smoking in and near all
churches. |
|
229 |
5 December
1590 – |
|
Gregory XIV |
Niccolò
Sfondrati |
11
February 1535 Somma Lombardo, Lombardy, Duchy of
Milan |
55
/ 56 |
Italian.
Modified the constitution Effraenatam of Sixtus V so that the penalty
for abortion did not apply until the foetus became animated (1591).
Made gambling on
papal electionspunishable by excommunication. |
|
230 |
29 October 1591 – |
|
Innocent IX |
Giovanni
Antonio Facchinetti |
20
July 1519 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States |
72
/ 72 |
Italian.
Supported the cause of Philip IIand the Catholic League against Henry IV in the French Wars of
Religion. Prohibited the alienation of church property. |
|
231 |
30 January 1592 – |
|
Clement VIII |
Ippolito
Aldobrandini |
24
February 1536 Fano, Marche, Papal States |
55
/ 69 |
Italian.
Initiated an alliance of European Christian powers to partake in the war with
the Ottoman Empire known as The Long War (1595). Convened
the Congregatio de
Auxiliis which addressed doctrinal disputes between
the Dominicans and Jesuits regarding free will and divine
grace.[22] |
_-_Pope Clement_VII_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
17th century[]
|
Popes of the 17th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
232 |
1 April 1605– |
|
Leo XI |
Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici |
2 June 1535 Florence, Duchy of Florence |
69 / 69 |
Italian. The nephew of Leo
X. Called "Papa Lampo" (Lightning Pope) for his brief
pontificate. |
|
233 |
16 May 1605 – |
|
Paul V |
Camillo Borghese |
17 September 1550 Rome, Lazio, Papal States |
52 / 68 |
Motto: Absit
nisi in te gloriari ("May it be absent, except to glory in you")[23] Italian. Known for various building projects which included
the facade of St Peter's Basilica. Established
the Bank of the Holy
Spirit (1605); restored the Aqua Traiana. |
|
234 |
9 February 1621 – |
|
Gregory XV |
Alessandro
Ludovisi |
9
January 1554 Bologna, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States |
67
/ 69 |
Italian.
Established the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith (1622). Issued
the bull Aeterni Patris (1621) which imposed conclaves to be
by secret ballot. Issued the constitution Omnipotentis Dei against
magicians and witches (1623). |
|
235 |
6 August 1623 – |
|
Urban VIII |
Maffeo Barberini |
5
April 1568 Florence, Grand Duchy of
Tuscany |
55
/ 76 |
Italian.
Trial against Galileo Galilei. The last pope to
expand papal territory by force of arms. Issued a 1624 bull that made the use
of tobacco in holy places punishable by excommunication. |
|
236 |
15 September 1644 – |
|
Innocent X |
Giovanni
Battista Pamphilj |
6
May 1574 Rome, Lazio, Papal States |
70
/ 80 |
Motto: Alleviatæ sunt aquæ super terram("Water on earth")[24] Italian. The great-great-great-grandson of Alexander VI. Erected the Fontana dei
Quattro Fiumi in Piazza Navona. Promulgated the
apostolic constitution Cum occasione (1653) which condemned
five doctrines of Jansenism as heresy. |
|
237 |
7 April 1655– |
|
Alexander VII |
Fabio Chigi |
13
February 1599 Siena, Grand Duchy of
Tuscany |
56
/ 68 |
Italian.
Great-nephew of Paul V. Commissioned St. Peter's Square. Issued the
constitution Sollicitudo Omnium Ecclesiarum that set the
doctrine of the Immaculate
Conception almost identical to that of Pius IX centuries later. |
|
238 |
20 June 1667 – |
|
Clement IX |
Giulio
Rospigliosi |
28
January 1600 Pistoia, Grand Duchy of
Tuscany |
67
/ 69 |
Motto: Aliis non sibi Clemens ("Clement to others, not to himself")[25] Italian. Mediated in the peace
of Aachen(1668). |
|
239 |
29 April 1670 – |
Clement X |
Emilio
Bonaventura Altieri |
13
July 1590 Rome, Lazio, Papal States |
79
/ 86 |
Bonum auget malum minuit ("He increases
good and diminishes evil")[26] Italian. Canonized the first saint from the Americas:
St. Rose of Lima (1671).
Decorated the bridge of Sant' Angelo with the ten statues of angels and the
two fountains that adorn the piazza of St. Peter's. Established regulations
for the removal of relics of saints from cemeteries. |
|
|
240 |
21 September 1676 – |
|
Bl. Innocent XI |
Benedetto
Odescalchi |
65
/ 78 |
Motto: Avarus non Implebitur ("The covetous man is not satisfied")[27] Italian. Condemned the doctrine
of mental reservation (1679) and initiated the Holy League. Extended the Holy Name of Maryas a universal feast
(1684). Admired for positive contributions to catechesis. |
|
|
241 |
6 October 1689 – |
|
Alexander VIII |
Pietro
Vito Ottoboni |
22
April 1610 Venice, Republic of Venice |
79
/ 80 |
Italian.
Condemned the so-called philosophical sin (1690). |
|
242 |
12 July 1691– |
|
Innocent XII |
Antonio
Pignatelli, O.F.S |
13
March 1615 Spinazzola, Apulia, Kingdom of Naples |
76
/ 85 |
Italian.
Issued the bull Romanum decet
Pontificem to stop nepotism (1692). Erected various
charitable and educational institutions. |
|
243 |
23 November 1700 – |
|
Clement XI |
Giovanni
Francesco Albani |
23
July 1649 Urbino, Marche, Papal States |
51
/ 71 |
Italian.
The "Chinese
Rites" controversy. Patronized the first archaeological
excavations in the Roman catacombs and made the
feast of the Immaculate
Conception universal.[12] |
18th century[]
|
Popes of the 18th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
244 |
8 May 1721– |
|
Innocent XIII |
Michelangelo dei Conti |
13 May 1655 Poli, Lazio, Papal States |
65 / 68 |
Italian. Prohibited the Jesuits from prosecuting
their mission in China ordering that no
new members should be received into the order. Issued the papal bull Apostolici
Ministerii (1724) to revive ecclesiastical
discipline in Spain. |
|
245 |
29 May 1724– |
|
S.D.Benedict XIII |
2 February 1649 Gravina in Puglia, Bari, Kingdom of Naples |
75 / 81 |
Italian. Member of the Dominican Order; third and last
member of the Orsini family to be pope.
Originally called Benedict XIV due to the antipope but reverted to
XIII. Repealed the worldwide tobacco smoking ban set
by Urban VII and Urban VIII. |
|
|
246 |
12 July 1730– |
|
Clement XII |
7 April 1652 Florence, Grand Duchy of
Tuscany |
78 / 87 |
Motto: Dabis
discernere inter malum et bonum ("You shall deign to distinguish between
good and evil")[28] Italian. Completed the new façade of the Archbasilica
of Saint John Lateran (1735). Commissioned the Trevi Fountain in Rome (1732).
Condemned Freemasonry in In eminenti
apostolatus (1738). Last pope to be elected at an
old age until Pope Benedict XVI in 2005. |
|
|
247 |
17 August 1740 – |
|
Benedict XIV |
Prospero
Lorenzo Lambertini |
31
March 1675 Bologna, Papal States |
65
/ 83 |
Motto: Curabuntur omnes ("All will be healed")[29] Italian. Reformed the education of priestsand the calendar of feasts. Completed the Trevi Fountain and affirmed the
teachings of Thomas Aquinas; founded academies of
art, religion and science. |
|
248 |
6 July 1758– |
|
Clement XIII |
Carlo
della Torre di Rezzonico |
7
March 1693 Venice, Republic of Venice |
65
/ 75 |
Italian.
Provided the famous fig leaves on nude male statues in the Vatican. Defended
the Society of Jesus in "Apostolicum pascendi" (1765). |
|
249 |
19 May 1769– |
|
Clement XIV |
Giovanni
Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, O.F.M. Conv. |
31
October 1705 Sant' |
63
/ 68 |
Italian.
Member of the Conventual
Franciscan Order. Suppressed the Society of Jesus in the
brief "Dominus ac Redemptor" (1773). |
|
250 |
15 February 1775 – |
|
Pius VI |
Count
Giovanni Angelo Braschi |
25
December 1717 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States |
57
/ 81 |
Motto: Floret in domo domini ("It blossoms in the house of God")[30] Italian. Condemned the French Revolution; expelled from the
Papal States by French troops from 1798 until his death. The last pope to be
a patron of Renaissance art. |
|
— |
29
August 1799 – |
|
Six-month period without a valid
pope elected. This was due to unique logistical problems (the old pope died a
prisoner and the conclave was in Venice) and a deadlock among cardinals
voting. |
||||
|
251 |
14 March 1800 – |
|
Count
Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, O.S.B. |
14
August 1742 Cesena, Emilia-Romagna, Papal States |
57
/ 81 |
Italian.
Member of the Order of Saint
Benedict. Present at Napoleon's coronation as Emperor
of the French. Expelled from the Papal States by the French
between 1809 and 1814. |
|
19th century[]
|
Popes of the 19th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
252 |
28 September 1823 – |
|
Leo XII |
Count Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore
Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga |
22 August 1760 Genga, Marche, Papal States |
63 / 68 |
Italian. Placed the Catholic educational
system under the control of the Jesuits through Quod divina
sapientia (1824). Condemned the Bible societies. |
|
253 |
31 March 1829 – |
|
Pius VIII |
Francesco Saverio Castiglioni |
20 November 1761 Cingoli, Marche, Papal
States |
67 / 69 |
Italian. Accepted Louis Philippe I as King of the French. Condemned the
masonic secret societies and modernist biblical translations in the
brief Litteris altero (1830). |
|
254 |
2 February 1831 – |
|
Gregory XVI |
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, O.S.B. Cam. |
18 September 1765 Belluno, Veneto, Republic
of Venice |
65 / 80 |
Italian. Member of the Camaldolese Order; last non-bishop to
be elected to the papacy. Opposed democratic and modernising reforms in the
Papal States. |
|
255 |
16 June 1846 – |
|
Bl. Pius IX |
Count Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, O.F.S. |
13 May 1792 Senigallia, Marche, Papal States |
54 / 85 |
Italian. Opened the First Vatican
Council; lost the Papal States to Italy.
Defined the dogma of the Immaculate
Conception and defined papal infallibility. Issued the
controversial Syllabus of Errors. Longest serving pope
in history. |
|
256 |
20 February 1878 – |
|
Leo XIII |
Gioacchino Vincenzo Raffaele Luigi
Pecci, O.F.S. |
2 March 1810 Carpineto Romano, Lazio, Italy |
67 / 93 |
Italian. Issued the encyclical Rerum novarum; supported Christian democracy against
Communism. Had the third-longest reign after Pius
IX, and John Paul II. Promoted the rosary and the
scapular and approved two new Marian scapulars; first pope
to fully embrace the concept of Mary as mediatrix. |
20th century[]
|
Popes of the 20th
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
257 |
4 August 1903 – |
|
St Pius X |
Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, O.F.S. |
2 June 1835 Riese, Treviso, Kingdom of
Lombardy–Venetia |
68 / 79 |
Motto: Instaurare
Omnia in Christo ("Restore all things in Christ") Italian. Encouraged and expanded reception of the Eucharist.
Combatted Modernism; issued the oath against it. Advocated the Gregorian Chant and reformed
the Roman Breviary. |
|
258 |
3 September 1914 – |
|
Benedict XV |
Giacomo
Paolo Giovanni Battista Della Chiesa, O.F.S. |
21
November 1854 Pegli, Genoa, Kingdom of Sardinia |
59
/ 67 |
Motto: In te, Domine, speravi: non confundar in aeternum. ("In thee, o Lord,
have I trusted: let me not be confounded for evermore.") Italian. Cred for intervening for peace during World War I.
Issued the 1917 Code of Canon
Law; supported the missionaries in Maximum illud. Remembered by Benedict XVI as a
"prophet of peace". |
|
259 |
6 February 1922 – |
|
Pius XI |
Achille
Ambrogio Damiano Ratti, O.F.S. |
64
/ 81 |
Motto: Pax Christi in Regno Christi ("The Peace of Christ in the Kingdom of
Christ") Italian. Signed the Lateran Treaty with Italy
(1929) establishing Vatican City as a sovereign
state. Inaugurated Vatican Radio (1931).
Re-founded the Pontifical
Academy of Sciences(1936). Created the feast of Christ the King. Opposed Communism and Nazism. |
|
|
260 |
2 March 1939 – |
|
Eugenio
Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli, O.F.S. |
63
/ 82 |
Motto: Opus Justitiae Pax ("The work of justice [shall be] peace") Italian. Invoked papal infallibility in the encyclical Munificentissimus
Deus; defined the dogma of the Assumption. Eliminated the
Italian majority of cardinals. Cred with intervening
for peace during World War II; controversial
for his
reactions to the Holocaust. |
||
|
261 |
28 October 1958 – |
|
St John XXIII |
Angelo
Giuseppe Roncalli, O.F.S. |
25
November 1881 Sotto il
Monte, Bergamo, Italy |
76
/ 81 |
Motto: Obedientia et Pax ("Obedience and peace") Italian. Opened the Second Vatican
Council; called "Good Pope John". Issued the
encyclical Pacem in terris (1963) on peace
and nuclear disarmament; intervened for peace during the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962). |
|
262 |
21 June 1963 – |
|
St Paul VI |
Giovanni
Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini |
65
/ 80 |
Motto: Cum Ipso in Monte ("With Him on the mount") Italian. Last pope to be crowned. First pope since 1809 to travel
outside Italy. Closed the Second Vatican
Council. Issued the encyclical Humanae vitae (1968)
condemning artificial contraception. Revised the Roman Missal(1969). |
|
|
263 |
26 August
1978 – |
|
Ven. John Paul I |
Albino
Luciani |
17
October 1912 Forno di Canale, Belluno, Italy |
65
/ 65 |
Motto: Humilitas ("Humility") Italian. Abolished the coronation opting for the Papal Inauguration. First pope to use
'the First' in papal name; first with two names for two immediate
predecessors. Last pope to use the Sedia Gestatoria. |
|
264 |
16 October
1978 – |
|
St John Paul II |
Karol
Józef Wojtyła |
58
/ 84 |
Motto: Totus Tuus ("Totally
yours") Polish. First non-Italian pope since Adrian VI(1522–1523). Traveled
extensively, visiting 129 countries during his
pontificate. Second longest reign after Pius
IX. Founded World Youth Day(1984) and the Pontifical
Academy of Social Sciences (1994). Canonized more saints
than all his predecessors. Youngest individual to start his papacy
since Pius IX (1846). |
|
.jpg)
3rd millennium[]
21st century[]
|
Popes of the 21st
century |
|||||||
|
Pontiff |
Pontificate |
Portrait |
Name: English |
Personal name |
Place of birth |
Age at start/ |
Notes |
|
265 |
19 April 2005 – |
|
Benedict XVI |
Joseph Aloisius Ratzinger |
16 April 1927Marktl am Inn, Bavaria, Germany |
78 / 85 |
Motto: Cooperatores
Veritatis ("Cooperators of
the truth") German. Oldest to become pope since Clement XII (1730). Elevated
the Tridentine Mass to a more
prominent position and promoted the use of Latin; re-introduced several
disused papal garments. Established the Anglican Ordinariate(2009). First pope to
renounce the papacy on his own initiative since Celestine V (1294),[32]retaining regnal name
with title of Pope Emeritus.[33] |
|
266 |
13 March 2013 – |
|
Francis |
Jorge
Mario Bergoglio, S.J. |
17
December 1936Flores, Buenos Aires, Argentina |
76
/ – |
Motto: Miserando atque Eligendo ("Lowly but chosen", literally 'by
having mercy, by choosing him')[34] Argentinian. First pope to be born outside Europe since Gregory III (731–741) and
the first from the Americas; first pope from the Southern Hemisphere. First
pope from a religious
institutesince Gregory XVI (1831–1846);
first Jesuitpope. First to use a new and
non-composed regnal name since Lando (913–914). First pope to visit
and hold papal mass in the Arabian Peninsula. |
Notes[]
1. ^ Jump up to:a b c Now Athens, Greece
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Now Rome, Italy
3. ^ Jump up to:a b Now Aquileia, Italy
4. ^ Nicopolis is now a Roman
ruin near the city of Preveza, Greece
5. ^ It is not clear when Pope Victor I was
born, and where he was born, although some[7] suggest he was born in Leptis Magna, now a part of Libya.
Religious orders[]
51 popes and 6 Antipopes have been members
of religious orders, including 12 members of third orders. They are listed by order as follows:
|
Family |
Order |
Number |
Popes |
Total |
|
1 |
6 |
|||
|
4 |
||||
|
1 |
||||
|
22 |
Gregory I, Boniface IV, Adeodatus II, Leo IV, John IX, Leo VII, John XVI, Sylvester II, Sergius IV, Stephen IX, Gregory VII, Victor III, Urban II, Paschal II, Adalbert, Gelasius II, Anacletus II, Callixtus III, Celestine V, Clement VI, Urban V, Pius VII |
23 |
||
|
1 |
||||
|
2 |
2 |
|||
|
5 |
5 |
|||
|
5 |
19 |
|||
|
2 |
||||
|
12 |
Gregory IX, Gregory X, Martin V, Innocent XII, Clement XII, Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII |
|||
|
1 |
1 |
|||
|
1 |
1 |
|||
Notes on numbering
of popes[]
A number of anomalies in the list given
above need further explanation:
·
Felix II (356–357), Boniface VII (974, 984–985), John XVI (997–998), Benedict X (1058–1059) and Alexander V (1409–1410) are not listed because they are all
considered antipopes.[35]
·
The
numbering of popes named Felix has been amended to omit antipope Felix II; however, most lists still call the last two
Felixes: Felix III and Felix IV. Additionally, there was an antipope Felix V.[35]
·
There has
never been a pope John XX as a result of confusion of the numbering system in the 11th century.[36]
·
Pope-elect Stephen, who died before being consecrated, has not been on the
Vatican's official list of popes since 1961, but appears on lists dating from
before 1960.[36] The numbering of following popes called Stephen are
nowadays given as Pope Stephen II (752–757) to Pope Stephen IX (1057–1058), rather than Stephen III to
Stephen X.
·
When Simon
de Brion became pope in 1281, he chose to be called Martin. At that
time, Marinus I and Marinus II were mistakenly considered to be Martin II and
Martin III respectively, and so, erroneously, Simon de Brion became Pope Martin IV.[37]
·
Pope Donus II, said to have reigned 974, never existed. The belief
resulted from the confusion of the title dominus (lord) with a
proper name.
·
Pope Joan also never existed; however, legends her may have
originated from stories the pornocracy.[38]
·
The status
of Antipope John XXIII was uncertain for hundreds of years, and was
finally settled in 1958 when Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli announced his own name as
John XXIII. Baldassare Cossa, who was Antipope John XXIII, served as
a Cardinal of the reunited church before his death in 1419 and his remains are
found in the Florence Baptistery.
·
Those who
adhere to Sedevacantism say that there have been no legitimate popes since
Pius XII or John XXIII. This is because they consider all popes since the Second Vatican
Council to
be heretics.[39][40]
See also[]
References[]
Specific[]
1. ^ Annuario Pontificio 2012 (Libreria
rice Vaticana 2012 ISBN 978-88-209-8722-0), p. 12*
2. ^ "Corrections Made to Official List of Popes". ZENIT. 5 June 2001. Archived from the
original on 19
January 2009. Retrieved 21 October 2008.
3. ^ "Papal
Primacy of honour: titles and insignia". Newadvent.org. 1 June 1911. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Fahlbusch, Erwin
(et al.); Bromiley (English translation), Geoffrey William, eds. (2005). "Pope, Papacy". Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon [The encyclopedia of Christianity]. 4.
Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 272–282. ISBN 0-8028-2416-1. Retrieved 7 September 2011.
5. ^ Against Heresies 3:3.3
6. ^ The
fourth pope Discussed in the article on Clement I
7. ^ Fisher, Max (13
March 2013). "WorldViews Sorry, Jorge Mario Bergoglio is not the
first non-European pope". The Washington Post. Retrieved 24 November 2017.
8. ^ Mcbrien, Richard
P. (31 October 2006). The Pocket Guide to the Popes. HarperCollins. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-0-06-113773-0. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
9. ^ "The Chronography of 354 AD. Part 13: Bishops of
Rome".
pp. from Theosodr Mommsen, MGH Chronica Minora I (1892), pp.73–6. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
10. ^ "OCA – St Liberius the Pope of Rome". Ocafs.oca.org. Retrieved 23 February 2013.
11. ^ "Saint Siricius".
12. ^ Jump up to:a b c "Papal Timeline". 2005. Archived from the original on 20 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
13. ^ Deno John
Geanakoplos (15 September 1989). Constantinople and the West: essays on the late Byzantine
(Palaeologan) and Italian Renaissances and the Byzantine and Roman churches. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 263–. ISBN 978-0-299-11884-6. Retrieved 3 March 2012.
14. ^ "Blessed Eugene III". Retrieved 9 July 2015.
15. ^ For the dates of death of Clement III and
the election of Celestine III see Katrin Baaken: Zu Wahl, Weihe und
Krönung Papst Cölestins III. Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des
Mittelalters Volume 41 / 1985, pp. 203–211
16. ^ Philip Hughes, "Innocent III &
the Latin East," History of the Church, vol. 2, p. 371, Sheed & Ward,
1948.
17. ^ "Pope
Adrian VI (1522–1523)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April2014.
18. ^ "Pope
Clement VII (1523–1534)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
19. ^ "Pope
Paul IV (1555–1559)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April2014.
20. ^ "Pope
Pius V (1566–1572)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April2014.
21. ^ "Pope
Gregory XIII (1572–1585)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
22. ^ John Henry Blunt (1874). "Jansenists". Dictionary of Sects, Heresies, Ecclesiastical Parties,
and Schools of Religious Thought. Rivingtons. pp. 234–240. Retrieved 11 August 2012.
23. ^ "Pope
Alexander VII (1655–1667)". GCatholic. Retrieved 1 April 2014.
24. ^ "Pope
Innocent X (1644–1655)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
25. ^ "Pope
Clement IX (1667–1669)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
26. ^ "Pope
Clement X (1670–1676)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
27. ^ "Pope
Innocent XI (1676–1689)". Retrieved 3 August 2014.
28. ^ "Pope
Clement XII (1730–1740)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
29. ^ "Pope
Benedict XIV (1740–1758)". GCatholic. Retrieved 14 August 2014.
30. ^ "The
Wind was too Strong". Rome Art Lover. Retrieved 12 February 2014.
31. ^ Bottum, Joseph (18 April 2005). "John Paul the Great". The Weekly Standard. pp. 1–2. Retrieved 1 January 2009.
32. ^ Brown, Andrew (11
February 2013). "Benedict, the placeholder pope who leaves a
battered, weakened church". The Guardian. Retrieved 12 February 2013.
33. ^ Pianigiani, Gaia;
Povoledo, Elisabetta (27 February 2013). "Benedict XVI to Keep His Name and Become Pope
Emeritus". The New York Times.
34. ^ Scarisbrick,
Veronica (22 March 2013). "Pope Francis :
"Miserando atque eligendo"..." Vatican Radio. The Holy See. Vatican Radio. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
35. ^ Jump up to:a b 
Paschal Robinson (1913). "Antipope" . In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
36. ^ Jump up to:a b Paschal Robinson (1913). "Chronological Lists of Popes" . In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
37. ^ Paschal Robinson (1913). "Pope Martin IV" . In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
38. ^ Paschal Robinson (1913). "Popess Joan" . In Herbermann, Charles. Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
39. ^ Weaver, MJ., and Appleby, RS., Being Right:
Conservative Catholics in America, Indiana University Press, 1 Jan 1995, p.
257.
40. ^ Flinn, FK., Encyclopedia of Catholicism,
2007, p. 566.
General[]
·
The Early
Papacy: To the Synod of Chalcedon in 451, Adrian Fortescue, Ignatius Press, 2008.
·
The Oxford
Dictionary of Popes, John N.D. Kelly, Oxford
University Press, 1986.
·
Catholicism, Henri de Lubac, Ignatius Press, 1988.
·
Rome and the
Eastern Churches, Aidan Nichols,
Ignatius Press, 2010.
·
I Papi.
Venti secoli di storia, Pontificia
Amministrazione della Patriarcale Basilica di San Paolo, Libreria rice
Vaticana, 2002.
·
Rome Sweet
Home, Scott Hahn, Ignatius Press, 1993.
·
Enciclopedia
dei Papi, AA.VV., Istituto dell'Enciclopedia
italiana, 2000.
External links[]
·
GCatholic.org [self-published]
·
Orthodox Church in America, The Lives of Saints (Eastern
Christian)
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