Pre-appearance Popes (1143–1590)
|
Motto No.
|
Motto (Translation)
|
Regnal Name (Reign)
|
Name
|
Explanation Provided in Lignum Vitae
|
Coat of Arms
|
Ex caſtro Tiberis.
|
Cśleſtinus. ij.
|
Typhernas.
|
1.
|
From a castle
of the Tiber
|
Celestine II (1143–1144)
|
Guido de
Castello
|
An inhabitant
of Tifernum.
Celestine II was born in Cittŕ di Castello (formerly called
Tifernum-Tiberinum), on the banks of the Tiber.[18]
|
|
Inimicus expulſus.
|
Lucius. ij.
|
De familia
Caccianemica.
|
2.
|
Enemy expelled
|
Lucius
II (1144–1145)
|
Gherardo
Caccianemici del Orso
|
Of the
Caccianemici family.
According to Wion, this motto refers to Lucius II's family name,
Caccianemici; in Italian, “Cacciare” means “to drive out” and “nemici”
means “enemies”.[19]
While he has been traditionally viewed as being part of this family, it is
doubtful whether he actually was; moreover, even if he actually belonged to
that family, the attribution of the surname Caccianemici is
certainly anachronistic.[20]
|
|
Ex magnitudine mőtis.
|
Eugenius. iij.
|
Patria
Ethruſcus oppido Montis magni.
|
3.
|
From the great
mountain
|
Eugene
III (1145–1153)
|
Bernardo dei
Pagnelli di Montemagno
|
Tuscan by
nation, from the town of Montemagno.
According to Wion, the motto refers to Eugene III’s birthplace,
“Montemagno.”[21]
But actually he was born in Pisa in modest family.[22][23]
|
|
Abbas Suburranus.
|
Anaſtaſius. iiij.
|
De familia
Suburra.
|
4.
|
Abbot from
Subbura
|
Anastasius IV (1153–1154)
|
Corrado di
Suburra
|
From the Suburra
family.[21] He was traditionally referred to as abbot of the canon
regulars of St. Ruf in Avignon, but modern scholars have established that
he actually belonged to the secular clergy.[24]
|
|
De rure albo.
|
Adrianus. iiij.
|
Vilis natus in
oppido Sancti Albani.
|
5.
|
From the white
countryside
|
Adrian
IV (1154–1159)
|
Nicholas
Breakspear
|
Humbly born in
the town of St. Albans.
Most likely a reference to Adrian IV's birthplace near St Albans,
Hertfordshire.[25]
|
|
Ex tetro carcere.
|
Victor. iiij.
|
Fuit Cardinalis
S. Nicolai in carcere Tulliano.
|
6.
|
Out of a
loathsome prison.
|
Victor IV, Antipope (1159–1164)
|
Ottaviano
Monticello
|
He was a
cardinal of St. Nicholas in the Tullian prison.
Victor IV may have held the title San Nicola in Carcere.[26]
|
|
Via Tranſtiberina.
|
Calliſtus. iij. [sic]
|
Guido
Cremenſis Cardinalis S. Marić Tranſtiberim.
|
7.
|
Road across the
Tiber.
|
Callixtus III, Antipope (1168–1178)
|
Giovanni di
Strumi
|
Guido of Crema,
Cardinal of St. Mary across the Tiber.
Wion reverses the names and order of Antipopes Callixtus III (John of
Struma) and Paschal III (Guido of Crema). Paschal, not Callixtus, was born
Guido of Crema and held the title of Santa Maria in Trastevere, to which
the motto applies.[27]
|
|
De Pannonia Thuſcić.
|
Paſchalis. iij. [sic]
|
Antipapa.
Hungarus natione, Epiſcopus Card. Tuſculanus.
|
8.
|
From Tusculan
Hungary.
|
Paschal III, Antipope (1164–1168)
|
Guido di Crema
|
Antipope. A
Hungarian by birth, Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum.
As noted above, this motto applies not to Paschal III, but to Callixtus
III, who allegedly was Hungarian.[27]
However, Callixtus was Cardinal Bishop of Albano, not of Tusculum.[28]
|
|
Ex anſere cuſtode.
|
Alexander. iij.
|
De familia
Paparona.
|
9.
|
From the
guardian goose
|
Alexander III (1159–1181)
|
Rolando (or
Orlando) of Siena
|
Of the Paparoni
family.
Alexander III may have been from the Bandinella family, which was
afterwards known as the Paparona family, which featured a goose on its coat
of arms. There is debate whether Alexander III was in fact of that family.[29]
|
|
Lux in oſtio.
|
Lucius. iij.
|
Lucenſis
Card. Oſtienſis.
|
10.
|
A light in the
door
|
Lucius
III (1181–1185)
|
Ubaldo
Allucingoli
|
A Luccan Cardinal
of Ostia.
The motto is a
wordplay on "Lucius" or "Lucca" and
"Ostia".[30]
|
|
Sus in cribro.
|
Vrbanus. iij.
|
Mediolanenſis,
familia cribella, quć Suem pro armis gerit.
|
11.
|
Pig in a sieve
|
Urban
III (1185–1187)
|
Umberto
Crivelli
|
A Milanese, of
the Cribella (Crivelli) family, which bears a pig for arms.
Urban III's family name Crivelli means "a sieve" in
Italian; his arms included a sieve and two pigs.[31]
|
|
Enſis Laurentii.
|
Gregorius. viij.
|
Card. S.
Laurentii in Lucina, cuius inſignia enſes falcati.
|
12.
|
The sword of
Lawrence
|
Gregory VIII (1187)
|
Alberto De
Morra
|
Cardinal of St.
Lawrence in Lucina, of whom the arms were curved
swords.
Gregory VIII was Cardinal of St. Lawrence and his arms featured crossed
swords.[32]
|
|
De Schola exiet.[33]
|
Clemens. iij.
|
Romanus, domo
Scholari.
|
13.
|
He will come
from school
|
Clement III (1187–1191)
|
Paolo Scolari
|
A Roman, of the
house of Scolari.
The motto is a play on words on Clement III's surname.[34]
|
|
De rure bouenſi.
|
Cśleſtinus. iij.
|
Familia
Bouenſi.
|
14.
|
From cattle
country
|
Celestine III (1191–1198)
|
Giacinto Bobone
|
Bovensis
family.
The reference to cattle is a wordplay on Celestine
III's surname, Bobone.[35]
|
|
Comes Signatus.
|
Innocentius. iij.
|
Familia Comitum
Signić.
|
15.
|
Designated
count
|
Innocent III (1198–1216)
|
Lotario dei
Conti di Segni
|
Family of the
Counts of Signia (Segni)
The motto is a direct reference to Innocent III's family name.[36]
|
|
Canonicus de latere.
|
Honorius. iij.
|
Familia
Sabella, Canonicus S. Ioannis Lateranensis.
|
16.
|
Canon from the
side
|
Honorius III (1216–1227)
|
Cencio Savelli
|
Savelli family,
canon of St. John Lateran
The claim in Wion that Honorius III was a canon of St. John Lateran is contested by some
historians.[34]
|
|
Auis Oſtienſis.
|
Gregorius. ix.
|
Familia Comitum
Signić Epiſcopus Card. Oſtienſis.
|
17.
|
Bird of Ostia
|
Gregory
IX (1227–1241)
|
Ugolino dei
Conti di Segni
|
Family of the
Counts of Segni, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
Before his election to the papacy, Ugolino dei Conti was the Cardinal Bishop
of Ostia, and his coat of arms depict an
eagle.[37]
|
|
Leo Sabinus.
|
Cśleſtinus iiij.
|
Mediolanenſis,
cuius inſignia Leo, Epiſcopus Card. Sabinus.
|
18.
|
Sabine Lion
|
Celestine IV (1241)
|
Goffredo
Castiglioni
|
A Milanese,
whose arms were a lion, Cardinal Bishop of Sabina.
Celestine IV was Cardinal Bishop of Sabina and his
armorial bearing had a lion in it.[38]
|
|
Comes Laurentius.
|
Innocentius iiij.
|
domo flisca, Comes Lauanić, Cardinalis S. Laurentii in
Lucina.
|
19.
|
Count Lawrence
|
Innocent IV (1243–1254)
|
Sinibaldo
Fieschi
|
Of the house of
Flisca (Fieschi), Count of Lavagna, Cardinal of St. Lawrence in Lucina.
The motto, as explained in Wion, is a reference to Innocent IV's father,
the Count of Lavagna, and his title Cardinal of St. Lawrence in Lucina.[38]
|
|
Signum Oſtienſe.
|
Alexander iiij.
|
De comitibus
Signić, Epiſcopus Card. Oſtienſis.
|
20.
|
Sign of Ostia
|
Alexander IV (1254–1261)
|
Renaldo dei
Signori di Ienne
|
Of the counts
of Segni, Cardinal Bishop of Ostia.
The motto refers to Alexander IV's being Cardinal
Bishop of Ostia and member of the Conti-Segni family.[38]
|
|
Hieruſalem Campanię.
|
Vrbanus iiii.
|
Gallus,
Trecenſis in Campania, Patriarcha Hieruſalem.
|
21.
|
Jerusalem of
Champagne
|
Urban
IV (1261–1264)
|
Jacques
Pantaleon
|
A Frenchman, of
Trecae (Troyes) in Champagne, Patriarch of Jerusalem.
The motto refers to Urban IV's birthplace of Troyes, Champagne, and title Patriarch of Jerusalem.[39]
|
|
Draco depreſſus.
|
Clemens iiii.
|
cuius inſignia Aquila vnguibus Draconem tenens.
|
22.
|
Dragon pressed
down
|
Clement
IV (1265–1268)
|
Guido Fulcodi
|
Whose badge is
an eagle holding a dragon in his talons.
According some sources, Clement IV's coat of arms depicted an eagle clawing
a dragon. Other sources indicate that it was instead six fleurs-de-lis.[40]
|
|
Anguinus uir.
|
Gregorius. x.
|
Mediolanenſis,
Familia vicecomitum, quć anguẽ pro inſigni gerit.
|
23.
|
Snaky man
|
Gregory
X (1271–1276)
|
Teobaldo
Visconti
|
A Milanese, of
the family of Viscounts (Visconti), which bears a snake for arms.
The Visconti coat of arms had a large serpent devouring a male child feet
first; sources conflict as to whether Gregory X used this for his papal
arms.[41]
|
|
Concionator Gallus.
|
Innocentius. v.
|
Gallus, ordinis
Prćdicatorum.
|
24.
|
French Preacher
|
Innocent
V (1276)
|
Pierre de
Tarentaise
|
A Frenchman, of
the Order of Preachers.
Innocent V was born in what is now south-eastern France and was a member of
the order of Preachers.[42]
|
|
Bonus Comes.
|
Adrianus. v.
|
Ottobonus
familia Fliſca ex comitibus Lauanić.
|
25.
|
Good Count
|
Adrian
V (1276)
|
Ottobono
Fieschi
|
Ottobono, of
the Fieschi family, from the counts of Lavagna.
The Fieschi family were counts of Lavagna and a wordplay on
"good" can be made with Adrian V's first name, Ottobono.[43]
|
|
Piſcator Thuſcus.
|
Ioannes. xxi.
|
antea Ioannes Petrus Epiſcopus Card. Tuſculanus.
|
26.
|
Tuscan
Fisherman
|
John
XXI (1276–1277)
|
Pedro Juliăo
|
Formerly John
Peter, Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum.
John XXI had been the Cardinal Bishop of Tusculum, and
shared his first name with Saint
Peter, a fisherman.[44]
|
|
Roſa compoſita.
|
Nicolaus. iii.
|
Familia
Vrſina, quć roſam in inſigni gerit, dictus compoſitus.
|
27.
|
Composite Rose
|
Nicholas III (1277–1280)
|
Giovanni
Gaetano Orsini
|
Of the Ursina
(Orsini) family, which bears a rose on its arms, called
'composite'.
Nicholas III bore a rose in his coat of arms.[44]
|
|
Ex teloneo liliacei Martini.
|
Martinus. iiii.
|
cuius inſignia lilia, canonicus, & theſaurarius
S. Martini Turonen[sis].
|
28.
|
From the
tollhouse of Martin of the lilies
|
Martin
IV (1281–1285)
|
Simone de Brion
|
Whose arms were
lilies, canon and treasurer of St. Martin of Tours.
Martin IV was Canon and Treasurer at the Church of St. Martin in Tours, France.[45]
Wion's assertion that his arms featured lilies is incorrect.[46]
|
|
Ex roſa leonina.
|
Honorius. iiii.
|
Familia Sabella
inſignia roſa ŕ leonibus geſtata.
|
29.
|
Out of the
leonine rose
|
Honorius IV (1285–1287)
|
Giacomo Savelli
|
Of the Sabella
(Savelli) family, arms were a rose carried by lions.
Honorius IV's coat of arms was emblazoned with two lions supporting a rose.[47]
|
|
Picus inter eſcas.
|
Nicolaus. iiii.
|
Picenus patria
Eſculanus.[48]
|
30.
|
Woodpecker
between food
|
Nicholas IV (1288–1292)
|
Girolamo Masci
|
A Picene by
nation, of Asculum (Ascoli).
The motto is likely an obscure wordplay on Nicholas IV's birthplace in Ascoli,
in Picenum.[47]
|
|
Ex eremo celſus.
|
Cśleſtinus. v.
|
Vocatus Petrus
de morrone Eremita.
|
31.
|
Raised out of
the desert
|
St. Celestine V (1294)
|
Pietro Di
Murrone
|
Called Peter de
Morrone, a hermit.
Prior to his election, Celestine V was a hermit (eremita, literally
a dweller in the eremus, or desert).[49]
|
|
Ex undarũ bn̑dictione.
|
Bonifacius. viii.
|
Vocatus prius
Benedictus, Caetanus, cuius inſignia undć.
|
32.
|
From the
blessing of the waves
|
Boniface VIII (1294–1303)
|
Benedetto
Caetani
|
Previously
called Benedict, of Gaeta, whose arms were waves.
Boniface VIII's coat of arms had a wave through it. Also a play on words,
referring to the pope's Christian name, "Benedetto."[50]
|
|
Concionator patereus. [sic]
|
Benedictus. xi.
|
qui uocabatur Frater Nicolaus, ordinis Prćdicatorum.
|
33.
|
Preacher From
Patara
|
Benedict XI (1303–1304)
|
Nicholas
Boccasini
|
Who was called
Brother Nicholas, of the order of Preachers.
Benedict XI belonged to the Order of Preachers, and his namesake Saint
Nicholas was from Patara. O'Brien notes, "Everything leads us to
suspect that the author and interpreter of the prophecy is one and the same
person. The pretended interpreter who knew that Patare was the birthplace
of St. Nicholas forgot that others may not be aware of the fact, and that
therefore the explanation would be thrown away on them."[17]
|
|
De feſſis aquitanicis.
|
Clemens V.
|
natione aquitanus, cuius inſignia feſſć erant.
|
34.
|
From the fesses
of Aquitaine
|
Clement
V (1305–1314)
|
Bertrand de Got
|
An Aquitanian
by birth, whose arms were fesses.
Clement V was Bishop of
St-Bertrand-de-Comminges in Aquitaine,
and eventually became Archbishop of Bordeaux,
also in Aquitaine. His coat of arms displays three horizontal bars, known
in heraldry
as fesses.[51]
|
|
De ſutore oſſeo.
|
Ioannes XXII.
|
Gallus, familia
Oſſa, Sutoris filius.
|
35.
|
From a bony
cobbler
|
John
XXII (1316–1334)
|
Jacques Duese
|
A Frenchman, of
the Ossa family, son of a cobbler.
John XXII's family name was Dučze or D'Euse, the last of which might be
back-translated into Latin as Ossa ("bones"), the name Wion
gives. The popular legend that his father was a cobbler is dubious.[52]
|
|
Coruus ſchiſmaticus.
|
Nicolaus V.
|
qui uocabatur F. Petrus de corbario, contra Ioannem XXII.
Antipapa Minorita.
|
36.
|
Schismatic crow
|
Nicholas V, Antipope (1328–1330)
|
Pietro
Rainalducci di Corvaro
|
Who was called
Brother Peter of Corbarium (Corvaro), the Minorite
antipope opposing John XXII.
The motto is a play on words, referring to Pietro di Corvaro's last name.[53]
|
|
Frigidus Abbas.
|
Benedictus XII.
|
Abbas
Monaſterii fontis frigidi.
|
37.
|
Cold abbot
|
Benedict XII (1334–1342)
|
Jacques
Fournier
|
Abbot of the
monastery of the cold spring.
Benedict XII was an abbot in the monastery of Fontfroide ("cold spring").[54]
|
|
De roſa Attrebatenſi.
|
Clemens VI.
|
Epiſcopus
Attrebatenſis, cuius inſignia Roſć.
|
38.
|
From the rose
of Arras
|
Clement
VI (1342–1352)
|
Pierre Roger
|
Bishop of
Arras, whose arms were roses.
Clement VI was Bishop of Arras (in Latin, Episcopus
Attrebatensis) and his armorial bearings were emblazoned with six
roses.[55]
|
|
De mőtibus Pămachii.
|
Innocentius VI.
|
Cardinalis SS.
Ioannis & Pauli. T. Panmachii, cuius inſignia ſex montes
erant.
|
39.
|
From the
mountains of Pammachius
|
Innocent VI (1352–1362)
|
Etienne Aubert
|
Cardinal of
Saints John and Paul, Titulus of Pammachius, whose arms were six mountains.
Innocent VI was Cardinal Priest of Pammachius. Wion and Panvinio describe
his arms as depicting six mountains, though other sources do not.[56]
|
|
Gallus Vicecomes.
|
Vrbanus V.
|
nuncius Apoſtolicus ad Vicecomites Mediolanenſes.
|
40.
|
French viscount
|
Urban
V (1362–1370)
|
Guglielmo De
Grimoard
|
Apostolic
nuncio to the Viscounts of Milan.
Urban V was French.[57]
Wion indicates he was Apostolic Nuncio to the
Viscounts of Milan.[58]
|
|
Nouus de uirgine forti.
|
Gregorius XI.
|
qui uocabatur Petrus Belfortis, Cardinalis S. Marić nouć.
|
41.
|
New man from
the strong virgin
|
Gregory
XI (1370–1378)
|
Pierre Roger de
Beaufort
|
Who was called
Peter Belfortis (Beaufort), Cardinal of New St. Mary's.
The motto refers to Gregory XI's surname and his title Cardinal of Santa
Maria Nuova.[59]
|
|
Decruce Apoſtolica. [sic]
|
Clemens VII.
|
qui fuit Preſbyter Cardinalis SS. XII.
Apoſtolorũ cuius inſignia Crux.
|
42.
|
From the
apostolic cross
|
Clement VII, Antipope (1378–1394)
|
Robert, Count
of Geneva
|
Who was
Cardinal Priest of the Twelve Holy Apostles, whose arms were a cross.
Clement VII's coat of arms showed a cross and he held the title Cardinal Priest of the Twelve Holy Apostles.[60]
|
|
Luna Coſmedina.
|
Benedictus XIII.
|
antea Petrus de Luna, Diaconus Cardinalis S. Marić in
Coſmedin.
|
43.
|
Cosmedine moon.
|
Benedict XIII, Antipope (1394–1423)
|
Peter de Luna
|
Formerly Peter
de Luna, Cardinal Deacon of St. Mary in Cosmedin.
The motto refers to Benedict XIII's surname and title.[61]
|
|
Schiſma Barchinoniũ.
|
Clemens VIII.
|
Antipapa, qui
fuit Canonicus Barchinonenſis.
|
44.
|
Schism of the
Barcelonas
|
Clement VIII, Antipope (1423–1429)
|
Gil Sanchez
Muńoz
|
Antipope, who
was a canon of Barcelona.[61]
|
|
De inferno prćgnăti.
|
Vrbanus VI.
|
Neapolitanus
Pregnanus, natus in loco quć dicitur Infernus.
|
45.
|
From a pregnant
hell.
|
Urban
VI (1378–1389)
|
Bartolomeo
Prignano
|
The Neapolitan
Prignano, born in a place which is called Inferno.
Urban VI's family name was Prignano or Prignani, and he was native to a
place called Inferno near Naples.[62]
|
|
Cubus de mixtione.
|
Bonifacius. IX.
|
familia tomacella ŕ Genua Ligurić orta, cuius inſignia
Cubi.
|
46.
|
Square of
mixture
|
Boniface IX (1389–1404)
|
Pietro
Tomacelli
|
Of the
Tomacelli family, born in Genoa in Liguria, whose arms were cubes.
Boniface IX's coat of arms includes a bend checky — a wide stripe with a
checkerboard pattern.[63]
|
|
De meliore ſydere.
|
Innocentius. VII.
|
uocatus Coſmatus de melioratis Sulmonenſis, cuius
inſignia ſydus.
|
47.
|
From a better
star
|
Innocent VII (1404–1406)
|
Cosmo
Migliorati
|
Called Cosmato
dei Migliorati of Sulmo, whose arms were a star.
The motto is a play on words, "better" (melior) referring
to Innocent VII's last name, Migliorati (Meliorati). There is a shooting
star on his coat of arms.[63]
|
|
Nauta de Ponte nigro.
|
Gregorius XII.
|
Venetus,
commendatarius eccleſić Nigropontis.
|
48.
|
Sailor from a
black bridge
|
Gregory XII (1406–1415)
|
Angelo Correr
|
A Venetian, commendatary
of the church of Negroponte.
Gregory XII was born in Venice (hence mariner) and was commendatary
of Chalkis,
then called Negropont.[64]
|
|
Flagellum ſolis.
|
Alexander. V.
|
Grćcus
Archiepiſcopus Mediolanenſis, inſignia Sol.
|
49.
|
Whip of the sun
|
Alexander V, Antipope (1409–1410)
|
Petros
Philarges
|
A Greek,
Archbishop of Milan, whose arms were a sun.
Alexander V's coat of arms featured a sun, the
wavy rays may explain the reference to a whip.[65]
|
|
Ceruus Sirenć.
|
Ioannes XXIII.
|
Diaconus
Cardinalis S. Euſtachii, qui cum ceruo depingitur, Bononić legatus,
Neapolitanus.
|
50.
|
Stag of the
siren
|
John XXIII, Antipope (1410–1415)
|
Baldassarre
Cossa
|
Cardinal Deacon
of St. Eustace, who is depicted with a stag; legate of Bologna, a
Neapolitan.
John XXIII was a cardinal with the title of St.
Eustachius, whose emblem is a stag, and was originally from Naples,
which has the emblem of the siren.[65]
|
|
Corona ueli aurei.
|
Martinus V.
|
familia colonna, Diaconus Cardinalis S. Georgii ad uelum aureum.
|
51.
|
Crown of the
golden curtain
|
Martin
V (1417–1431)
|
Oddone Colonna
|
Of the Colonna
family, Cardinal Deacon of St. George at the golden curtain.
The motto is a reference to Martin V's family name and cardinal title of San Giorgio in Velabro.[66]
|
|
Lupa Cśleſtina,
|
Eugenius. IIII.
|
Venetus,
canonicus antea regularis Cśleſtinus, & Epiſcopus
Senẽſis.
|
52.
|
Heavenly
she-wolf
|
Eugene
IV (1431–1447)
|
Gabriele
Condulmaro
|
A Venetian,
formerly a regular Celestine canon, and Bishop of Siena.
Eugene IV belonged to the order of the Celestines and was the Bishop of Siena which bears
a she-wolf on its arms.[67]
|
|
Amator Crucis.
|
Felix. V.
|
qui uocabatur Amadćus Dux Sabaudić, inſignia Crux.
|
53.
|
Lover of the
cross
|
Felix V, Antipope (1439–1449)
|
Amadeus, Duke
of Savoy
|
Who was called
Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, arms were a cross.
The motto is a reference to Felix V's given name, Amadeus, and arms, which
featured the cross of Savoy.[67]
|
|
De modicitate Lunć.
|
Nicolaus V.
|
Lunenſis
de Sarzana, humilibus parentibus natus.
|
54.
|
From the
meanness of Luna
|
Nicholas
V (1447–1455)
|
Tommaso
Parentucelli
|
A Lunese of
Sarzana, born to humble parents.
Nicholas V was born in the diocese of Luni,
the ancient name of which was Luna.[68]
|
|
Bos paſcens.
|
Calliſtus. III.
|
Hiſpanus,
cuius inſignia Bos paſcens.
|
55.
|
Pasturing ox
|
Callixtus III (1455–1458)
|
Alfonso Borja
|
A Spaniard,
whose arms were a pasturing ox.
Callixtus III's coat of arms featured an ox.[68]
|
|
De Capra & Albergo.
|
Pius. II.
|
Senenſis,
qui fuit ŕ Secretis Cardinalibus Capranico & Albergato.
|
56.
|
From a
nanny-goat and an inn
|
Pius
II (1458–1464)
|
Enea Silvio de
Piccolomini
|
A Sienese, who
was secretary to Cardinals Capranicus and Albergatus.
Pius II was secretary to Cardinal Domenico Capranica and
Cardinal Albergatti before he was elected Pope.[69]
|
|
De Ceruo & Leone.
|
Paulus. II.
|
Venetus, qui
fuit Commendatarius eccleſić Ceruienſis, & Cardinalis tituli
S. Marci.
|
57.
|
From a stag and
lion
|
Paul
II (1464–1471)
|
Pietro Barbo
|
A Venetian, who
was commendatary
of the church of Cervia, and Cardinal of the title of St. Mark.
The motto refers to his Bishopric of Cervia (punning
on cervus, "a stag") and his Cardinal title of St. Mark
(symbolized by a winged lion).[69]
|
|
Piſcator minorita.
|
Sixtus. IIII.
|
Piſcatoris
filius, Franciſcanus.
|
58.
|
Minorite
fisherman
|
Sixtus
IV (1471–1484)
|
Francesco Della
Rovere
|
Son of a
fisherman, Franciscan.
Sixtus IV was born the son of a fisherman and a member of the Franciscans,
also known as "Minorites" (which was founded in 1209, after
Malachy's death.)[70]
|
|
Prćcurſor Sicilić.
|
Innocentius VIII.
|
qui uocabatur Ioănes Baptiſta, & uixit in curia
Alfonſi regis Sicilić.
|
59.
|
Precursor of
Sicily
|
Innocent VIII (1484–1492)
|
Giovanni
Battista Cibň
|
Who was called
John Baptist, and lived in the court of Alfonso, king of Sicily.
Innocent VIII was from Sicily. "Precursor" may be explained as an
allusion to his birth name, after John the Baptist, the precursor of
Christ.[71]
|
|
Bos Albanus in portu.
|
Alexander VI.
|
Epiſcopus
Cardinalis Albanus & Portuenſis, cuius inſignia Bos.
|
60.
|
Bull of Alba in
the harbor
|
Alexander VI (1492–1503)
|
Rodrigo de
Borgia
|
Cardinal Bishop
of Albano and Porto, whose arms were a bull.
In 1456, he was made a Cardinal and he held the titles of Cardinal Bishop
of Albano and Porto, and his
arms featured an ox.[71]
|
|
De paruo homine.
|
Pius. III.
|
Senenſis,
familia piccolominea.
|
61.
|
From a small
man
|
Pius
III (1503)
|
Francesco
Todeschini Piccolomini
|
A Sienese, of
the Piccolomini family.
Pius III's family name was Piccolomini, from piccolo
"small" and uomo "man".[72]
|
|
Fructus Iouis iuuabit.
|
Iulius. II.
|
Ligur, eius
inſignia Quercus, Iouis arbor.
|
62.
|
The fruit of
Jupiter will help
|
Julius
II (1503–1513)
|
Giuliano Della
Rovere
|
A Genoese, his
arms were an oak, Jupiter's tree.
On Julius II's arms was an oak tree, which was sacred to Jupiter.[72]
|
|
De craticula Politiana.
|
Leo. X.
|
filius Laurentii medicei, & ſcholaris Angeli
Politiani.
|
63.
|
From a Politian
gridiron
|
Leo X (1513–1521)
|
Giovanni de
Medici
|
Son of Lorenzo
de' Medici, and student of Angelo Poliziano.
Leo X's educator and mentor was Angelo Poliziano. The “Gridiron” in the motto
evidently refers to St. Lawrence, who was martyred on a gridiron. This is a
rather elliptical allusion to Lorenzo the Magnificent, who was Giovanni’s
father.[73]
|
|
Leo Florentius.
|
Adrian. VI.
|
Florẽtii
filius, eius inſignia Leo.
|
64.
|
Florentian lion
|
Adrian
VI (1522–1523)
|
Adriaen
Florenszoon Boeyens
|
Son of
Florentius, his arms were a lion.
Adrian VI's coat of arms had two lions on it, and his name is sometimes
given as Adrian Florens, or other variants, from his father's first name
Florens (Florentius).[74]
|
|
Flos pilei ćgri.
|
Clemens. VII.
|
Florentinus de
domo medicea, eius inſignia pila, & lilia.
|
65.
|
Flower of the
sick man's pill[75]
|
Clement VII (1523–1534)
|
Giulio de
Medici
|
A Florentine of
the Medicean house, his arms were pill-balls and
lilies.
The Medici coat of arms was emblazoned with six medical balls. One of these
balls, the largest of the six, was emblazoned with the Florentine lily.[76]
|
|
Hiacinthus medicorũ.
|
Paulus. III.
|
Farneſius,
qui lilia pro inſignibus geſtat, & Card. fuit SS. Coſme,
& Damiani.
|
66.
|
Hyacinth of the
physicians
|
Paul
III (1534–1549)
|
Alessandro
Farnese
|
Farnese, who
bore lilies for arms, and was Cardinal of Saints Cosmas and Damian.
According to some sources, Paul III's coat of arms were
charged with hyacinths, and he was cardinal of Saints Cosmas and Damian,
both doctors.[77]
|
|
De corona montana.
|
Iulius. III.
|
antea uocatus Ioannes Maria de monte.
|
67.
|
From the
mountainous crown
|
Julius
III (1550–1555)
|
Giovanni Maria
Ciocchi del Monte
|
Formerly called
Giovanni Maria of the Mountain (de Monte)
His coat of arms showed mountains and laurel crowns (chaplets).[78]
|
|
Frumentum flocidum. [sic]
|
Marcellus. II.
|
cuius inſignia ceruus & frumẽtum, ideo
floccidum, quod pauco tempore uixit in papatu.
|
68.
|
Trifling grain
|
Marcellus II (1555)
|
Marcello
Cervini
|
Whose arms were
a stag and grain; 'trifling', because he lived only a short time as pope.
His coat of arms showed a stag and ears of wheat.[78]
|
|
De fide Petri.
|
Paulus. IIII.
|
antea uocatus Ioannes Petrus Caraffa.
|
69.
|
From Peter's
faith
|
Paul
IV (1555–1559)
|
Giovanni Pietro
Caraffa
|
Formerly called
John Peter Caraffa.
Paul IV is said to have used his second Christian name Pietro.[79]
|
|
Eſculapii pharmacum.
|
Pius. IIII.
|
antea dictus Io. Angelus Medices.
|
70.
|
Aesculapius'
medicine
|
Pius
IV (1559–1565)
|
Giovanni Angelo
de Medici
|
Formerly called
Giovanni Angelo Medici.
The motto is likely a simple allusion to Pius IV's family name.[80]
|
|
Angelus nemoroſus.
|
Pius. V.
|
Michael
uocatus, natus in oppido Boſchi.
|
71.
|
Angel of the
grove
|
St.
Pius V (1566–1572)
|
Antonio Michele
Ghisleri
|
Called Michael,
born in the town of Bosco.
Pius V was born in Bosco, Lombardy; the placename means grove. His name was
'Antonio Michele Ghisleri', and Michele relates to the archangel.[81]
O'Brien notes here that many of the prophecies contain plays on Italian
words, which are not made explicit in the explanations provided in the Lignum
Vitae.[81]
|
|
Medium corpus pilarũ.
|
Gregorius. XIII.
|
cuius inſignia medius Draco, Cardinalis creatus ŕ Pio.
IIII. qui pila in armis geſtabat.
|
72.
|
Half body of
the balls
|
Gregory XIII (1572–1585)
|
Ugo Boncompagni
|
Whose arms were
a half-dragon; a Cardinal created by Pius IV who bore balls in his arms.
The "balls" in the motto refer to Pope Pius IV, who had made
Gregory a cardinal. Pope Gregory had a dragon on his coat of arms with half
a body.[82]
|
|
Axis in medietate ſigni.
|
Sixtus. V.
|
qui axem in medio Leonis in armis geſtat.
|
73.
|
Axle in the
midst of a sign.
|
Sixtus
V (1585–1590)
|
Felice Peretti
|
Who bears in
his arms an axle in the middle of a lion.
This is a rather straightforward description of the Sixtus V's coat of
arms.[83]
|
|
De rore cśli.
|
Vrbanus. VII.
|
qui fuit Archiepiſcopus Roſſanenſis in
Calabria, ubi măna colligitur.
|
74.
|
From the dew of
the sky
|
Urban
VII (1590)
|
Giovanni
Battista Castagna
|
Who was
Archbishop of Rossano in Calabria, where manna is collected.
He had been Archbishop of Rossano in Calabria where sap called "the
dew of heaven" is gathered from trees.[84]
|
|
Post-appearance Popes (1590–present)
|
Motto No.
|
Motto (Translation)
|
Regnal Name (Reign)
|
Name
|
Interpretations and Criticisms
|
Coat of Arms
|
Ex antiquitate Vrbis.
|
Gregorius. XIIII.
|
|
75.
|
Of the
antiquity of the city / From the old city
|
Gregory XIV (1590–1591)
|
Niccolo
Sfondrati
|
This may have
been intended by the author of the prophecies to suggest that Cardinal Girolamo Simoncelli was destined to succeed
Urban VII. Simoncelli was from Orvieto, which in Latin is Urbs vetus,
old city. Simoncelli was not elected pope, however, Niccolo Sfondrati was,
who took the name Gregory XIV. Proponents of the prophecies have attempted
to explain it by noting that Gregory XIV's father was a senator of the
ancient city of Milan, and the word "senator" is derived from the
Latin senex, meaning old man, or that Milan is the "old
city" in question, having been founded c. 400 BCE.[85]
|
|
Pia ciuitas in bello.
|
Innocentius. IX.
|
|
76.
|
Pious citizens
in war
|
Innocent IX (1591)
|
Giovanni
Antonio Facchinetti
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have suggested different interpretations to relate this
motto to Innocent IX, including references to his birthplace of Bologna or
title of Patriarch of Jerusalem.[86]
|
|
Crux Romulea.
|
Clemens. VIII.
|
|
77.
|
Cross of Romulus
|
Clement VIII (1592–1605)
|
Ippolito
Aldobrandini
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have suggested different interpretations to relate this
motto to Clement VIII, including linking it to the embattled bend on his
arms or the war between Catholic Ireland and
Protestant England during his papacy.[87]
|
|
Vndoſus uir.
|
|
78.
|
Wavy man
|
Leo XI (1605)
|
Alessandro
Ottaviano De Medici
|
This may have
been intended by the author of the prophecies to suggest to his audience a
possible heraldic design, but it does not correspond to Leo XI's Medici
arms. Proponents of the prophecies have suggested different interpretations
to relate this motto to this pope, including relating it to his short reign
"passing like a wave."[88]
|
|
Gens peruerſa.
|
|
79.
|
Wicked race
|
Paul V (1605–1621)
|
Camillo
Borghese
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have suggested it is a reference to the dragon and the eagle
on Paul V's arms.[89]
|
|
In tribulatione pacis.
|
|
80.
|
In the trouble
of peace
|
Gregory
XV (1621–1623)
|
Alessandro
Ludovisi
|
The lack of
plausible explanations for this motto leads O'Brien to comment, "The
prophet, up to 1590, did not deal in generalities."[90]
|
|
Lilium et roſa.
|
|
81.
|
Lily and rose
|
Urban
VIII (1623–1644)
|
Maffeo
Barberini
|
This motto
again may have been intended to suggest a heraldic device, but not one that
matches Urban VIII's arms. Proponents of the prophecies have alternatively
suggested that it is a reference to the bees that do occur on his arms, to
the fleur-de-lis of his native Florence, or to his dealings in France (the
lily) and England (the rose).[91]
|
|
Iucunditas crucis.
|
|
82.
|
Delight of the
cross
|
Innocent
X (1644–1655)
|
Giovanni
Battista Pamphili
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Innocent X by noting
that he was raised to the pontificate around the time of the Feast of the Exaltation of the
Cross.[92]
|
|
Montium cuſtos.
|
|
83.
|
Guard of the
mountains
|
Alexander VII (1655–1667)
|
Fabio Chigi
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Alexander VII by noting
that his papal arms include six hills, though this was not an uncommon
device, and this explanation would not account for the "guard"
portion of the motto.[93]
|
|
Sydus olorum.
|
|
84.
|
Star of the
swans
|
Clement
IX (1667–1669)
|
Giulio
Rospigliosi
|
This again may
have been intended to be taken as an allusion to heraldry; O'Brien notes
that there is an Italian family with arms featuring a swan with stars, but
it had no relation to Clement IX. Proponents of the prophecies have claimed
he had a room called the "chamber of swans" during the conclave.[94]
|
|
De flumine magno.
|
|
85.
|
From a great
river
|
Clement
X (1670–1676)
|
Emilio Altieri
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Clement X by claiming
that the Tiber
overflowed its banks at his birth, or as an obscure reference to his family
name.[95]
|
|
Bellua inſatiabilis.
|
|
86.
|
Insatiable
beast
|
Innocent XI (1676–1689)
|
Benedetto
Odescalchi
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to the lion on Innocent
XI's arms.[96]
|
|
Pśnitentia glorioſa.
|
|
87.
|
Glorious
penitence
|
Alexander VIII (1689–1691)
|
Pietro Ottoboni
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Alexander VIII by
interpreting as a reference to the submission of the Gallican
bishops.[97]
O'Brien notes, "There are glorious repentances during every
pontificate."[98]
|
|
Raſtrum in porta.
|
|
88.
|
Rake in the
door[99]
|
Innocent XII (1691–1700)
|
Antonio
Pignatelli
|
Some sources
discussing the prophecy give Innocent XII's family name as "Pignatelli
del Rastello," which would provide a clear way for proponents to
connect this motto to this pope (rastello or rastrello is
Italian for rake).[100]
Others, however, give the pope's family name as simply
"Pignatelli", and indicate that it is difficult to find a
satisfactory explanation to associate the pope with the motto.[101]
|
|
Flores circundati.
|
|
89.
|
Surrounded
flowers
|
Clement
XI (1700–1721)
|
Giovanni
Francesco Albani
|
A medal of
Clement XI was created with the motto, "Flores circumdati",
drawn from his description in the prophecies, which were widely circulated
at that time.[102]
|
|
De bona religione.
|
|
90.
|
From good
religion
|
Innocent XIII (1721–1724)
|
Michelangelo
dei Conti
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Innocent XIII by
interpreting it as a reference to the fact several popes had come from his
family.[103]
|
|
Miles in bello.
|
|
91.
|
Soldier in War
|
Benedict XIII (1724–1730)
|
Pietro
Francesco Orsini
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to particular wars that
occurred during Benedict XIII's pontificate, or a figurative war against
decadence in favour of austerity.[104]
|
|
Columna excelſa.
|
|
92.
|
Lofty column
|
Clement XII (1730–1740)
|
Lorenzo Corsini
|
This may have
been intended by the author of the prophecies as a reference to a pope of
the Colonna family; a similar motto was used to describe to Martin V, who
was pope before the publication of the prophecies. Proponents of the
prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Clement XII as an allusion
to a statue erected in his memory or the use of two columns from the Pantheon
of Agrippa in a chapel he built.[105]
|
|
Animal rurale.
|
|
93.
|
Country animal
|
Benedict XIV (1740–1758)
|
Marcello
Lambertini
|
This may have
been intended as a reference to armorial bearings, but it does not match
Benedict XIV's arms. Proponents of the prophecies have attempted to link
this motto to this pope as a description of his "plodding ox"
diligence.[106]
|
|
Roſa Vmbrić.
|
|
94.
|
Rose of Umbria
|
Clement XIII (1758–1769)
|
Carlo Rezzonico
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Clement XIII as a
reference to his elevation to sainthood of several Franciscans, to which
order the motto can refer.[107]
|
|
Vrſus uelox.
|
|
95.
|
Swift bear (later misprinted as Cursus velox Swift
Course or Visus velox Swift Glance)
|
Clement XIV (1769–1774)
|
Lorenzo
Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have struggled to provide a satisfactory explanation of this
motto; some authors claim without evidence that the Ganganelli arms
featured a running bear, but this is dubious.[108]
|
|
Peregrin9 apoſtolic9.[109]
|
|
96.
|
Apostolic
pilgrim
|
Pius
VI (1775–1799)
|
Giovanni
Angelico Braschi
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius VI by suggesting
it is a reference to his long reign.[110]
|
|
Aquila rapax.
|
|
97.
|
Rapacious eagle
|
Pius
VII (1800–1823)
|
Barnaba
Chiaramonti
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius VII by suggesting
it is a reference to the eagle on the arms of Napoleon,
whose reign as Emperor of the French took place during
Pius' pontificate.[110]
|
|
Canis & coluber.
|
|
98.
|
Dog and adder
|
Leo
XII (1823–1829)
|
Annibale
Sermattei della Genga
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Leo XII by suggesting
the dog and snake are allusions to his qualities of vigilance and prudence,
respectively.[111]
|
|
Vir religioſus.
|
|
99.
|
Religious man
|
Pius
VIII (1829–1830)
|
Francesco
Saverio Castiglioni
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius VIII by suggesting
it is a reference to his papal name, or the fact that he was not the first
pope from his family.[112]
|
|
De balneis Ethrurić.
|
|
100.
|
From the baths
of Tuscany
|
Gregory XVI (1831–1846)
|
Mauro, or
Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Gregory XVI by
suggesting it is a reference to his membership in the Camaldolese Order, founded in the thirteenth
century in Fonte Buono, called Balneum in Latin, in Etruria.[113]
|
|
Crux de cruce.
|
|
101.
|
Cross from
cross
|
Bl.
Pius IX (1846–1878)
|
Giovanni Maria
Mastai Ferretti
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius IX by interpreting
it as a reference to his difficulties ("crosses") with the House
of Savoy, whose emblem is a cross. O'Brien notes, "A forger would be
very disposed to chance some reference to a cross on account of its
necessary connexion with all popes as well as the probability of its figuring,
in some form or other, on the pope's arms."[114]
|
|
Lumen in cślo.
|
|
102.
|
Light in the
sky
|
Leo
XIII (1878–1903)
|
Gioacchino
Pecci
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Leo XIII by
interpreting it as a reference to the star on his arms. O'Brien notes this
coincidence would be much more remarkable had the prophecies referred to sydus
(star), as they did when describing this same device on
pre-publication Pope Innocent VII's arms.[115]
|
|
Ignis ardens.
|
|
103.
|
Burning fire
|
St. Pius X (1903–1914)
|
Giuseppe Sarto
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius X by interpreting
it as a reference to his zeal.[116]
|
|
Religio depopulata.
|
|
104.
|
Religion
destroyed
|
Benedict XV (1914–1922)
|
Giacomo Della
Chiesa
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Benedict XV by
interpreting it as a reference to World
War I and the Russian Revolution, which occurred during
his pontificate.[117]
|
|
Fides intrepida.
|
|
105.
|
Intrepid faith
|
Pius
XI (1922–1939)
|
Achille Ratti
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius XI by interpreting
it as a reference to his faith and actions during the reign of Benito Mussolini.[118]
|
|
Paſtor angelicus.
|
|
106.
|
Angelic
shepherd
|
Ven.
Pius XII (1939–1958)
|
Eugenio Pacelli
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Pius XII by
interpreting it as a reference to his role during the holocaust.[119]
|
|
Paſtor & nauta.
|
|
107.
|
Shepherd and
sailor
|
Bl.
John XXIII (1958–1963)
|
Angelo Giuseppe
Roncalli
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link the "sailor" portion of
this motto to John XXIII by interpreting it as a reference to his title Patriarch of Venice, a maritime city.[120]
|
|
Flos florum.
|
|
108.
|
Flower of
flowers
|
Paul
VI (1963–1978)
|
Giovanni
Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini
|
Proponents of
the prophecies have attempted to link this motto to Paul VI by interpreting
it as a reference to the fleurs-de-lis on his arms.[121]
|
|
De medietate lunć.
|
|
109.
|
Of the half
moon[122][123]
|
John Paul I (1978)
|
Albino Luciani
|
|
|
De labore solis.
|
|
110.
|
From the labour
of the sun / Of the eclipse of the sun[14][124]
|
Bl. John Paul II (1978–2005)
|
Karol
Wojtyła
|
Proponents of
the prophecies find significance in the occurrence of solar eclipses
(elsewhere in the world) on the dates of John Paul II's birth (18 May 1920) and funeral (8 April 2005).[2]
Other attempts to link the pope to the motto have been "more
forced," included drawing a connection to Copernicus (who formulated a comprehensive heliocentric
model of the solar system), as both were Polish and
lived in Kraków
for parts of their lives.[11]
|
|
Gloria oliuć.
|
|
111.
|
Glory of the
olive.
|
Benedict XVI (2005–2013)
|
Joseph
Ratzinger
|
Proponents of
the prophecies generally try to draw a connection between Benedict and the Olivetan
order to explain this motto: Benedict's choice of papal name is after Saint
Benedict of Nursia, founder of the Benedictine Order, of which the Olivetans
are one branch.[1][2]
Other explanations make reference to him as being a pope dedicated to peace
and reconciliations of which the olive branch is the symbol.[125]
|
|
In
perſecutione extrema S.R.E. ſedebit.
|
|
In the final
persecution of the Holy Roman Church, there will sit.
|
In the Lignum
Vitae, the line "In persecutione extrema S.R.E. sedebit."
forms a separate sentence and paragraph of its own. While often read as
part of the "Peter the Roman" prophecy, other interpreters view
it as a separate, incomplete sentence explicitly referring to additional
popes between "glory of the olive" and "Peter the
Roman".[1]
|
Petrus
Romanus, qui paſcet oues in multis tribulationibus: quibus
tranſactis ciuitas ſepticollis diruetur, & Iudex
tremẽdus iudicabit populum ſuum.[126]
Finis.
|
|
112.
|
Peter the
Roman, who will pasture his sheep in many tribulations, and when these
things are finished, the city of seven hills [i.e. Rome]
will be destroyed, and the dreadful judge will judge his people. The End.[13]
|
Many analyses
of the prophecy note that it is open to the interpretation that additional
popes would come between the "glory of the olive" and Peter the
Roman.[4][14]
Popular speculation by proponents of the prophecy attach this prediction to
Benedict XVI's anticipated successor.[1]
|
|