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July 15: French Captain Pierre-François
Bouchard finds the Rosetta Stone 1799 (MDCCXCIX) was
a common year starting
on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1799th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
799th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 99th year of the 18th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1790s decade. As of the start of 1799,
the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 9 – British
Prime Minister William Pitt the
Younger introduces an income tax of two shillings to the pound, to raise funds for Great Britain's
war effort in the Napoleonic Wars. ·
January 17 – Maltese patriot Dun Mikiel Xerri, along with a number of
other patriots, is executed. ·
January 21 – The Parthenopean
Republic is established in Naples by French General Jean Étienne
Championnet; King Ferdinand
I of the Two Sicilies flees. ·
February 9 – Quasi-War: In the single-ship action
of USS Constellation vs L'Insurgente in
the Caribbean, the American ship is the victor. ·
February 28 – French Revolutionary
Wars: Action of 28
February 1799 – British Royal Navy frigate HMS Sybilledefeats
the French
frigate Forte, off the mouth of the Hooghly River in the Bay of Bengal, but both captains are killed. ·
March 1 – Federalist James
Ross becomes President pro tempore of the United States Senate. ·
March 4 – The Russo-Ottoman siege of Corfu ends
with the surrender of the French garrison,[1] bringing an end to the first period of French
rule in the Ionian Islands. ·
March 7 – Siege of Jaffa: Napoleon captures Jaffa, Palestine,
and his troops proceed to kill more than 2,000 Albaniancaptives. ·
March 29 – New York passes a law aimed at
gradually abolishing slavery in the
state. ·
April 27 – French
Revolutionary Wars: The Battle of
Cassano takes place outside of Milan, as Russian and Austrian troops
commanded by General Alexander Suvorov rout
the French Army under the command of General Jean Moreau. ·
May 4 – Battle of
Seringapatam: Tipu Sultan is defeated and killed by
the British; the captivity of Mangalorean Catholics at Seringapatam ends. ·
May 21 – The Siege of Acre ends
after two months; Napoleon's attempt to
widen his Middle Eastern campaign into Syria is frustrated by Ottoman forces,
and he withdraws to Egypt. ·
May 27 – Battle of
Winterthur: Habsburg forces
secure control of north-east Switzerland, from the French Army of the Danube. ·
June 13 – Ferdinand
I of the Two Sicilies is restored to his kingdom following
collapse of the Parthenopean
Republic. ·
June 18 – French
Revolutionary Wars: Action of 18 June
1799 – A French frigate squadron, under Rear-admiral Perrée,
is captured by the British fleet under Lord
Keith, off Toulon. July–December[edit] ·
July 7 – Ranjit Singh's men take their positions
outside Lahore. ·
July 12 – Ranjit Singh captures Lahore from the Bhangi Misl, a key step in establishing
the Sikh Empire, and
becoming Maharaja of
the Punjab. ·
July 15 – In the Egyptian port city
of Rosetta, French Captain Pierre Bouchard
finds the Rosetta Stone. ·
July 25 – At Aboukir, Egypt, Napoleon defeats 10,000 Ottoman Mamluk troops under Mustafa Pasha. ·
August 27 – War of the
Second Coalition – Anglo-Russian
invasion of Holland: Britain and Russia send an expedition to
the Batavian Republic. ·
August 29 – Pope Pius VI, at the time the longest
reigning Pontiff of the Roman Catholic Church, dies as a prisoner of war in the citadel of the
French city of Valence, after
24½ years of rule. ·
August 30 – Anglo-Russian invasion of
Holland – Vlieter Incident:
A squadron of the Batavian Republic's
navy, commanded by Rear-Admiral Samuel Story, surrenders to the British
Royal Navy, under Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir
Charles Mitchell, near Wieringen, without
joining action. ·
September 23 – Frederick
North, 5th Earl of Guilford, the Governor of
British Ceylon (now Sri Lanka, issues a proclamation declaring
that the laws of the Netherlands for the conquered Dutch Ceylon shall be enforced until
superseded by new laws.[2] ·
September 29 – the Second
Roman Republic, a puppet state formed by the French Army
after their dissolution of the Papal States and the occupation
of Rome, is dissolved 19 months after its
creation on February 15, 1798.[3] ·
October 6 – Anglo-Russian invasion of
Holland – Battle of Castricum:
Franco-Dutch forces defeat the Russo-British expedition force. ·
October 9 – HMS Lutine (a
famous treasure wreck) is sunk in the West Frisian Islands. ·
October 12 – Jeanne
Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a
balloon with a parachute, from an altitude of 900 metres (3,000 ft). ·
October 16 – Action of 16
October 1799: A Spanish treasure convoy worth more than
£54,000,000 is captured by the British Royal Navy off Vigo. ·
October 18 – Anglo-Russian invasion of
Holland: Anglo-Russian expedition forces surrender in North Holland. ·
November 9 (Coup of 18 Brumaire)
– Napoleon overthrows the French Directory in a coup
d'état, which ends the French Revolution. ·
November 10 (19 Brumaire) – A remnant
of the Council of Ancients in
France abolishes the Constitution
of the Year III, and ordains the French Consulate with Napoleon as First
Consul, with the Constitution
of the Year VIII. ·
December 3 – War of the Second
Coalition: Battle of
Wiesloch: Austrian Lieutenant Field Marshal Anton Sztáray defeats the French
at Wiesloch. ·
December 10 – France adopts the metre
as its official unit of length. ·
December 14 – George Washington,
first President
of the United States, dies at Mount Vernon,
Virginia. ·
December 31 – The Dutch East India
Company's charter is allowed to expire by the Batavian Republic. Date unknown[edit] ·
The
Place Royale in Paris is renamed Place des Vosges, when the Department of
Vosges becomes the first to pay new Revolutionary taxes. ·
Eli Whitney, holding a 1798 United
States government contract for the manufacture of muskets, is introduced by Oliver Wolcott, Jr. to
the concept of interchangeable
parts, an origin of the American
system of manufacturing.[4] ·
Conrad
John Reed, 12, finds what he describes as a "heavy yellow rock"
along Little Meadow Creek in Cabarrus
County, North Carolina, and makes it a doorstop in his home.
Conrad's father John Reed learns that the rock is actually gold in 1802,
initiating the first gold rush in the United States. ·
The
assassination of the 14th Tu'i Kanokupolu, Tukuʻaho, plunges Tonga into half a century of civil war. ·
The Nawab (provincial governor) of Oudh in
northern India sends to George III of
England the Padshah Nama, an official history of the
reign of Shah Jahan. ·
William Cockerill begins
building cotton-spinning equipment
in Belgium. ·
The
small town of Tignish,
Prince Edward Island, Canada is founded. Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 6 – Jedediah Smith, American fur trapper,
explorer (d. 1831) ·
January 12 – Priscilla Susan Bury,
British botanist (d. 1872) ·
January 23 – Alois Negrelli, Tyrolean engineer, railroad
pioneer active in the Austrian Empire (1858) ·
January 31 – Rodolphe Töpffer,
Swiss teacher, author, and artist (d. 1846) ·
February 4 – Almeida Garrett, Portuguese writer (d. 1854) ·
February 11 – Basil Moreau, founder of the Congregation of
Holy Cross (d. 1873) ·
February 14 – Walenty
Wańkowicz, Polish painter (d. 1842) ·
February 27 – Edward Belcher, British admiral (d. 1877) ·
March 8 – Simon Cameron, American politician (d. 1889) ·
March 16 – Anna Atkins, British botanist (d. 1871) ·
March 20 – Karl August Nicander,
Swedish poet (d. 1839) ·
March 22 – Friedrich
Wilhelm Argelander, German astronomer (d. 1875) ·
March 28 – Karl Adolph von
Basedow, German physician, noted for reporting the symptoms
of Graves–Basedow
disease (d. 1854) ·
March 29 – Edward
Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1869) ·
April 12 – Henri Druey, Swiss Federal Councilor
(d. 1855) ·
April 17 – Eliza Acton, English poet and cookery writer
(d. 1859) ·
May 13 – Catherine Gore, English author (d. 1861) ·
May 20 – Honoré de Balzac,
French author (d. 1850) ·
May 21 – Mary Anning, British paleontologist
(d. 1847) ·
May 25 – Alexei Lvov, Russian composer (d. 1870) ·
June 3 – Elisabetta
Fiorini Mazzanti, Italian botanist (d. 1879) ·
June 6 – Alexander Pushkin,
Russian author (d. 1837) ·
June 18 – Prosper Ménière,
French physician (d. 1862) ·
June 23 – Charlotte
Birch-Pfeiffer, German actress, writer and theater director
(d. 1868) ·
June 25 – David Douglas,
Scottish-born botanist (d. 1834) July–December[edit] ·
July 4 – King Oscar I of Sweden and
Norway (d. 1859) ·
July 6 – Michael Thomas Bass,
English brewer (d. 1884) ·
August 12 – Patrick MacDowell,
Irish sculptor (d. 1870) ·
September 8 – James Bowman Lindsay,
Scottish inventor (d. 1862) ·
September 10 – George Willison
Adams, American abolitionist (d. 1879) ·
October 1 – John Brown Russwurm,
American abolitionist (d. 1851) ·
October 18 – Christian
Friedrich Schönbein, German chemist (d. 1868) ·
October 26 – Margaret Agnes Bunn,
British actress (d. 1883) ·
November 1 – Thomas Baldwin Marsh,
American religious leader (d. 1866) ·
November 7 – James Syme, Scottish medical reformer
(d. 1870) ·
November 29 – Amos Bronson Alcott,
father of novelist Louisa May Alcott (d. 1888) ·
December 3 – Peggy Eaton,
wife of Secretary of State John Eaton (central
character of the Petticoat affair)
(d. 1879) ·
December 25 – Augusta Hejnek, last surviving person from
the 1700s (d. 1908) Date unknown[edit] ·
James Townsend
Saward, English barrister, forger ·
Domnița
Rallou Caragea, Greek princess, independence activist (d. 1870) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] Qianlong ·
January 9 – Maria Gaetana Agnesi,
Italian mathematician (b. 1718) ·
January 22 – Horace-Bénédict
de Saussure, Swiss aristocrat, alpinist (b. 1740) ·
February 6 – Étienne-Louis
Boullée, French architect (b. 1728) ·
February 7 – Qianlong Emperor of China (b. 1711) ·
February 9 – Johann Baptist Babel,
Swiss sculptor (b. 1716) ·
February 12 – Lazzaro Spallanzani,
Italian biologist, physiologist (b. 1729) ·
February 16 – Charles
Theodore, Elector of Bavaria (b. 1724) ·
February 19 – Jean-Charles de
Borda, French mathematician, physicist, political scientist, and
sailor (b. 1733) ·
February 22 – Heshen, Manchu official under Qianlong
(b. 1750) ·
February 24 – Georg
Christoph Lichtenberg, German scientist, satirist, and Anglophile
(b. 1742) ·
March 17 – Sir
Charles Thompson, 1st Baronet, British admiral, politician (b.
c. 1740) ·
March 28 – Etta Palm d'Aelders,
Dutch-French feminist (b. 1743) ·
March 29 – Helena
Dorothea von Schönberg, German industrialist (d. 1729) ·
April 3 – Pierre Charles
Le Monnier, French astronomer (b. 1715) ·
April 6 – Alexander Bezborodko,
Grand Chancellor of Russia, architect of Catherine the Great's
foreign policy (b. 1747) ·
April 28 – Matthew
Griswold (governor), 17th Governor of Connecticut (1784-1786)
(b. 1714) ·
May 2 – Guemes Padilla Horcasitas, the Viceroy
of New Spain (b. 1740) ·
May 4 – Tipu Sultan, Indian ruler (b. 1750) ·
May 18 – Pierre Beaumarchais,
French writer (b. 1732) ·
May 22 – Toypurina, Medicine woman of the Tongva nation
and rebel leader (b. 1750) ·
May 26 – James
Burnett, Lord Monboddo, Scottish jurist (b. 1714) ·
June 6 – Patrick Henry, American revolutionary
politician, Governor of Virginia (b. 1736) ·
June 10 – Chevalier de
Saint-Georges, Guadeloupe-born French musician (b. 1745) ·
June 30 – Francesco Caracciolo,
Neapolitan admiral, revolutionist (b. 1752) July–December[edit]
·
July 7 – William Curtis, English botanist,
entomologist (b. 1746) ·
August 2 – Jacques Étienne
Montgolfier, French inventor of the hot-air balloon, balloonist
(b. 1744) ·
August 4 – John Bacon,
British sculptor (b. 1740) ·
August 5 – Richard Howe, British admiral (b. 1726) ·
August 15 – Barthélemy
Catherine Joubert, French general (b. 1769) ·
August 20 – Eleonora de
Fonseca Pimentel, Italian poet, journalist and revolutionary
(b. 1752) ·
August 29 – Pope Pius VI (b. 1717) ·
August 31 – Nicolas-Henri Jardin,
French architect (b. 1720) ·
September 7 – Jan Ingenhousz, Dutch physician,
physiologist, biologist, and chemist (b. 1730) ·
October 6 – William Withering,
British physician (b. 1741) ·
October 9 – Pierre Pigneau
de Behaine, French priest who helped to establish the Nguyễn dynasty (b. 1741) ·
October 24 – Carl Ditters
von Dittersdorf, Austrian composer (b. 1739) ·
November 22 – Judith van Dorth, Dutch orangist (b. 1747) ·
December 6 – Joseph Black, Scottish physician, physicist,
and chemist (b. 1728) ·
December 14 – George Washington,
military leader of the American Revolution, president of the Constitutional
Convention (1787), and the 1st President of the United States (b. 1732) ·
December 31 – Jean-François
Marmontel, French historian, writer (b. 1723) References[edit] 1.
^ "Historical Events for Year 1799 |
OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. Retrieved 2016-07-11. 2.
^ Nadaraja, T. (1972). The Legal System of Ceylon
in Its Historical Setting. E. J. Brill. p. 181. 3.
^ Formica, Marina (2004). "The Protagonists and
the Principal Phases of the Roman Republic of 1798 to 1799". In Burton,
Deborah; et al. Tosca's Prism: Three Moments of Western Cultural
History. Northeastern University Press. p. 67. 4.
^ Woodbury, Robert S. (1960). "The Legend of Eli
Whitney and Interchangeable Parts". Technology and
Culture. 1. |
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