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This article is about the year 1809. For the Swedish/Finnish government
project, see Year 1809.
1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting
on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar, the 1809th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
809th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 9th year of the 19th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1800s decade. As of the start of 1809,
the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents ·
1Events ·
2Births ·
3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] February 11: Robert Fulton patents steamboat ·
January 5 – The Treaty of the
Dardanelles, between the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the Ottoman Empire, is concluded. ·
January 10 – Peninsular War – French Marshal Jean Lannes begins
the Siege of Zaragoza. ·
January 16 – Peninsular War – Battle of Corunna in Galicia (Spain): The British (under General
Sir John
Moore, who is killed) resist an attempt by the French (under Marshal Soult)
to prevent them embarking. ·
February 3 – The Illinois Territory is
created. ·
February 8 – Franz I of Austria declares
war on France. ·
February 11 – Robert Fulton patents the steamboat in the United States.[1][2] ·
February 17 – Miami University (Ohio) is established
(by Act of February 2) on the township of land required to be set aside for
it, under the conditions of the Miami Purchase in 1794. ·
A decision by the Supreme
Court of the United States states
that the power of the federal government is greater than any individual
state. ·
The Siege of
Zaragoza grinds to a halt as Jose Palafox surrenders. Over
60,000 have been killed on both sides, in 41 days of street fighting. ·
February 25 – Battle of Valls: Spanish forces are defeated
in Catalonia by Marshal Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr. ·
February 27 – Action of 27
February 1809: Captain Bernard Dubourdieu captures HMS Proserpine. ·
March 1 – The Embargo Act of 1807 is
repealed in the United States; the Nonintercourse Act replaces
it. ·
March 4 – James Madison is sworn
in as the fourth President of the United States. ·
March 13 – A military coup ousts Gustav IV Adolf
of Sweden; he is confined in Gripsholm Castle. ·
March 29 ·
At the Diet of Porvoo, Finland's four Estates pledge
allegiance to Alexander I of
Russia, commencing the secession of the future Grand
Principality of Finland from Sweden. The Emperor, in return, promises to
retain and uphold former laws and privileges, as well as the dominant
Lutheran religion. His pledge is later interpreted by the Finns as a
confirmation of constitutional
laws, which had, effectively, established Finland as
a separate state in real union with the Russia. ·
King Gustav IV Adolf
of Sweden abdicates after the Coup of 1809 and is later exiled. ·
Peninsular War – ·
First Battle of
Porto: 18,000 Portuguese soldiers are drowned in a rout, after
defeat by the French under Marshal Soult. ·
Battle of Medellín at Extremadura: Massive Spanish casualties are
suffered, in a rout by French cavalry, under Marshal Victor. April–June[edit] ·
April 9 – Tiroleans rise, under the command
of Andreas Hofer,
against French and Bavarian occupation. ·
April 10 – Napoleonic Wars – The War of the
Fifth Coalition begins when forces of the Austrian Empire invade Bavaria. ·
April 11–15 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of the
Basque Roads: The British Royal Navy defeats the French fleet in
the mouth of the Charente,
although officers on both sides face subsequent courts-martial. ·
April 14 – Battle of Abensberg, Bavaria: Napoleon defeats Austria. ·
April 18 – The 2,000 Guineas Stakes horse
race is first run in England.[3] ·
April 19 – War of the Fifth Coalition – ·
Battle of Raszyn: The armies of the Austrian Empire are defeated by
the Duchy of Warsaw. ·
Battle of Teugen-Hausen: The armies of the Austrian
Empire are defeated by the French and their Bavarian allies. ·
April 22 – Battle of Eckmühl: French troops under Napoleon I and
Marshal Davout defeat
the Austrians, under Archduke
Charles. ·
May 5 ·
Mary Kies is
the first American woman to be awarded a patent (for a technique of
weaving straw hats with silk and thread).[4] ·
The Swiss canton of Aargau denies Jews citizenship. ·
May 10 – Gustav IV Adolf is
officially deposed from the Swedish throne, by the Riksdag of the Estates. ·
May 10–11 – Peninsular War – Battle of Grijó: the Anglo-Portuguese
Army, commanded by Sir
Arthur Wellesley, defeats the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult,
in Portugal. ·
May 12 – Peninsular War – Second Battle of
Porto: The Anglo-Portuguese Army, commanded by Wellesley, drives
the French army, commanded by Marshal Soult, out of Porto, and forces them to retreat from the
country. ·
May 17 – Napoleon I of France orders
the annexation of the Papal States to the French Empire. When
he announces that the Pope's secular power has ended, the Pope excommunicates him. ·
May 21 – Battle of Aspern-Essling: Austrian troops under Archduke Karl beat the French
under Napoleon, in a hard-fought battle. ·
May 24 – Dartmoor Prison opens in England, to
house French prisoners of war.[5] ·
May 31 – Mauritius
campaign of 1809–11 – Action of 31 May
1809 in the Bay of Bengal: The French
frigate Caroline, operating from Isle de France
(Mauritius), captures most of a British East India Company fleet. ·
June 6 – Sweden promulgates a new Instrument
of Government, which restores political power to the Riksdag of the Estates, after authoritarian
rule since 1772. On the same day, Duke Charles (uncle
of the deposed king Gustav IV Adolf) is elected King, under the name Charles
XIII. ·
June 7 – Shoja Shah of the Durrani Empire signs a treaty with the
British; only weeks later, he is succeeded by Mahmud Shah. ·
June 14 – A French victory, in
the battle of Raab, prevents archduke John of
Austria from bringing any significant force to the battle of Wagram. July–September[edit] ·
July 5–6 – Battle of Wagram: Napoleon defeats the Austrians. ·
July 6 – French troops arrest Pope Pius VII, and take him to Liguria. ·
July 8–9 – Finnish War – Naval Battle of Porkala: The Swedish archipelago fleet defeats
the Russians. ·
July 10 – Battle of Znaim:
French Marshal Marmont fights inconclusively against the
Austrians. ·
July 16 – The city of La Paz (current Bolivia) declares its independence from
the Spanish Crown and
forms the Junta Tuitiva, the first independent government
in Spanish America, led by Pedro Domingo
Murillo. ·
July 28 – Peninsula War – Battle of Talavera:
Sir Arthur
Wellesley's British, Portuguese and Spanish army defeats a French
force.[3] ·
July 30 – Walcheren Campaign:
A British invasion army lands on Walcheren. ·
August – The USS Constitution ("Old
Ironsides") is recommissioned as the flagship of the North Atlantic
Squadron. ·
August 8 – Seventy disciples of Vilna Gaon arrive in Palestine. ·
August 10 – Ecuador declares independence from
Spain. ·
August 11 – Battle of Almonacid de Toledo: A poorly led Spanish
army is defeated by King Joseph Bonaparte's French army. ·
September 17 – Finnish War: The Peace of Hamina is signed between
Russia and Sweden. The future Grand
Principality of Finland is ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Fredrikshamn. ·
September 18 – A new theatre for
the Royal Opera House opens
in London to replace the first, burnt down in a fire in 1808.
The price increases lead to the Old Price Riots,
which last for 64 days. October–December[edit] ·
October 8 – Prince Klemens von Metternich becomes foreign minister of the Austrian Empire. ·
October 11 – Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious
circumstances, at an inn called Grinder's Stand. ·
October 14 – The Treaty of Schönbrunn cedes the Illyrian Provinces to
France. ·
November 18 – Napoleonic Wars: Action of 18
November 1809 – In the Bay of Bengal, a French frigate squadron captures three East Indiamen mainly carrying recruits
for the presidency armies. ·
November 19 – Battle of Ocaña: A Spanish army is ridden down, and
4,000 are killed and wounded by French forces. ·
November 25 – Benjamin
Bathurst, a British diplomat, mysteriously disappears (possibly
murdered) in Perleberg, west of Berlin. ·
December – Boyd massacre: Whangaroa Māori people kill and eat 66 crew
and passengers of the brigantine Boyd in
New Zealand.[6] ·
December 25 – Dr. Ephraim McDowell performs the first
ovariotomy, removing a 22-pound tumor. ·
December 26 – A British invasion force
leaves Vlissingen. ·
December 30 – Wearing masks at balls is
forbidden in Boston, Massachusetts. Date unknown[edit] ·
William Combe begins
publication of the verse Tour of Dr. Syntax in search of the
Picturesque in Ackermann's Political Magazine (London),
illustrated with cartoonsby Thomas Rowlandson,
depicting comic and ridiculous scenes involving a hapless country physician,
and coming to represent British Regency humour. ·
Louis Poinsot describes
the two remaining Kepler–Poinsot polyhedra. ·
Jean-Baptiste
Lamarck publishes Philosophie Zoologique, outlining a (wrong) concept
of evolution, by acquisition or loss of
inherited characteristics, through use or disuse. ·
British recruits to the British East
India Company (and subsequently to the Indian
Civil Service) are required to learn at least one Indian language
fluently. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 1 – Cao Bá Quát,
Vietnamese poet (d. 1855) ·
January 4 – Louis Braille, French teacher, inventor
of braille (d. 1852) ·
January 6 – Marie Durocher, Brazilian obstetrician,
physician (d. 1893) ·
Cornelia Connelly,
American founder of the Society
of the Holy Child Jesus (d. 1879) ·
Pierre-Joseph
Proudhon, French anarchist (d. 1864) ·
January 19 – Edgar Allan Poe, American writer, poet
(d. 1849) ·
January 21 – Queen Sinjeong,
Korean regent (d. 1890) ·
February 3 – Felix Mendelssohn,
German composer (d. 1847) ·
Charles Darwin, British naturalist (d. 1882) ·
Abraham Lincoln, 16th President of the
United States (d. 1865) ·
February 15 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (d. 1884) ·
February 23 – William
Sprague, American minister and politician from Michigan (d. 1868) ·
March 15 – Joseph Jenkins
Roberts, 2-time President of Liberia (d. 1876) ·
March 24 – Joseph Liouville, French mathematician
(d. 1882) ·
March 27 – Georges-Eugène
Haussmann, French civic planner (d. 1891) ·
March 29 – Bettino Ricasoli,
Italian statesman (d. 1880) ·
April 1 – Nikolai Gogol, Russian writer (d. 1852) ·
April 15 – Hermann Grassmann, Prussian mathematician (d. 1877) ·
April 20 – James David Forbes,
Scottish physicist, geologist, inventor (d. 1868) ·
May 20 – Albert Newsam,
American artist (d. 1864) ·
May 22 – Constantin
A. Crețulescu, 7th Prime Minister
of Romania (d. 1884) ·
June 4 ·
Columbus Delano, American statesman
(d. 1896) ·
John Henry Pratt, English clergyman and
mathematician (d. 1871) ·
June 8 – Richard
Wigginton Thompson, American politician (d. 1900) ·
June 18 – Stephen
Greenleaf Bulfinch, American minister, hymn writer (d 1870) ·
June 20 – Isaak August Dorner,
German theologian (d. 1884) July–December[edit] ·
July 2 – John R. Goldsborough,
United States Navy commodore (d. 1877) ·
July 9 – Friedrich
Gustav Jakob Henle, German-Jewish anatomist, physician (d. 1885) ·
July 31 – Francis
Walker, English entomologist (d. 1874) ·
August 6 – Alfred, Lord Tennyson,
British poet (d. 1892) ·
August 8 – Heinrich Abeken,
German theologian (d. 1872) ·
August 27 – Hannibal Hamlin, 15th Vice
President of the United States, American politician (d. 1891) ·
August 29 – Oliver Wendell
Holmes, Sr., American physician, writer (d. 1894) ·
September 4 – Manuel Montt, 5th President of Chile
(d. 1880) ·
September 27 – Raphael Semmes, American and Confederate
naval officer (d. 1877) ·
October 22 – Volney E. Howard,
American politician (d. 1889) ·
November 4 – Benjamin Robbins
Curtis, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1874) ·
November 10 – David Einhorn
(rabbi), German-American abolitionist (d. 1879) ·
November 20 – Gustav Koerner, German-born revolutionary,
journalist, lawyer, politician, statesman of Illinois and Germany, Colonel of
the U.S. Army (d. 1896) ·
November 27 – Fanny Kemble, British-born American actress,
writer (d. 1893) ·
December 24 – Kit Carson, American frontiersman (d. 1868) ·
December 29 – William Ewart
Gladstone, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1898) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Ștefan Golescu, 8th
Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1874) ·
Samuel Ajayi
Crowther, 1st Black Anglican Bishop, pioneer linguist (d. 1891) ·
Henry K. Hoff, American admiral (d. 1878) ·
Esther Leach, English-Indian actress
(d. 1843) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 16 – John
Moore, British general (killed in battle) (b. 1761) ·
February 25 – John
Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore (Lord Dunmore) ·
March 7 – Johann Georg
Albrechtsberger, Austrian composer
(b. 1736) ·
March 11 – Hannah Cowley, English dramatist, poet
(b. 1743) ·
March 18 – Karoline Kaulla,
German banker (b. 1739) ·
March 20 – Mary Bateman, English woman executed for
murder, known as the Yorkshire Witch ·
March 25 – Anna Seward, English writer (b. 1747) ·
March 27 – Joseph-Marie Vien, French painter (b. 1716) ·
May 13 – Beilby Porteus,
English bishop, abolitionist (b. 1731) ·
May 17 – Leopold Auenbrugger, Austrian physician (b. 1722) ·
May 24 – Charles Rainsford,
British general (b. 1728) ·
May 31 ·
Joseph Haydn, Austrian classical composer
(b. 1732) ·
Jean Lannes,
French marshal (mortally wounded in battle (b. 1769) ·
June 4 – Nicolai Abildgaard, Danish painter (b. 1743) ·
June 8 – Thomas Paine, American revolutionary writer
(b. 1737) ·
June 21 – Daniel Lambert, English gaol keeper and animal breeder,
famous for his unusually large size (b. 1770) July–December[edit] ·
July 6 – Antoine
Charles Louis de Lasalle, French cavalry general (killed in
battle) (b. 1775) ·
August 8 – Ueda Akinari,
Japanese author, scholar (b. 1734) ·
August 18 – Matthew Boulton, English manufacturer,
engineer (b. 1728) ·
August 29 – Lucy Barnes,
American writer (b. 1780) ·
September 7 – Caroline Schelling,
German scholar (b. 1763) ·
October 8 – James Elphinston,
Scottish philologist (b. 1721) ·
October 11 – Meriwether Lewis, American explorer
(suicide) (b. 1774) ·
October 30 – William Cavendish-Bentinck, 3rd Duke of Portland, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1738) ·
November 9 – Paul Sandby,
English cartographer, painter (b. 1725) ·
November 28 – Jakob Heinrich Laspeyres, German lepidopterist (b. 1769) References[edit] 1. ^ "Robert Fulton patented the steamboat in
1809". Thinkfinity. Verizon.
Retrieved 2011-04-15. 2. ^ "The Fulton Patents". Today
in Science History. Retrieved 2011-04-15. 3. ^ Jump up to:a b Palmer,
Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London:
Century Ltd. pp. 243–244. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2. 4. ^ "Mary Kies - Patenting
Pioneer". About.com. Retrieved 2007-05-14. 5. ^ Penguin Pocket
On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0. 6. ^ "The Boyd incident - a frontier of
chaos?". New Zealand History online. Ministry for
Culture and Heritage. 2011-12-07. Retrieved 2012-03-03. |
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