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1814 (MDCCCXIV) was
a common year starting
on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1814th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
814th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 14th year of the 19th century,
and the 5th year of the 1810s decade. As of
the start of 1814, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit]
February 1: Cagsawa Church is destroyed by eruption
of Mount Mayon. ·
January 14 – Treaty of Kiel: Frederick VI of
Denmark cedes the Kingdom of Norway into personal
union with Sweden, in exchange for
west Pomerania. This marks the end of the real union of Denmark-Norway ·
January 29 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Brienne:
A French army led by Napoleon is
victorious against von Blücher. ·
January 31 – Gervasio
Antonio de Posadas becomes Supreme Director of Argentina. ·
February – George
Hamilton-Gordon, 4th Earl of Aberdeen, represents Britain at the
Congress of Chatillon. ·
Lord Byron's semi-autobiographical tale in
verse The Corsair is
published by John Murray in
London, and sells 10,000 copies on this day.[1] ·
Mount Mayon in the Philippines erupts
the 2nd time; the Cagsawa Church is
destroyed and devastated. ·
February 10 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of
Champaubert: A French army led by Napoleon effectively destroys a small
Russian corps led by Zakhar
Dmitrievich Olsufiev, opening the Six Days' Campaign. ·
February 11 – Norway's independence is
proclaimed, marking the ultimate end of the Kalmar Union. ·
February 12 – A fire destroys the Custom House, London. ·
February 14 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Vauchamps:
A French army led by Napoleon is
victorious against von Blücher,
the last major action of the Six Days' Campaign. ·
February 17 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Mormant:
A French army led by Napoleon effectively destroys a Russian division. ·
February 18 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Montereau:
A French army led by Napoleon is victorious against Austrian forces. ·
February 21 – The Great
Stock Exchange Fraud is exposed in London. ·
March 7 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Craonne:
A French army led by Napoleon is victorious against von Blücher. ·
March 8 – War of the
Sixth Coalition: A night attack by the British under Sir Thomas
Graham on the French fortress of Bergen op
Zoom ends in failure. ·
March 9 – American naval schooner USS Enterprise reaches Wilmington,
North Carolina, returning from participating in the War of 1812 against the United Kingdom
in the Caribbean. ·
March 10 – War of the
Sixth Coalition – Battle of Laon: von Blücher defeats
Napoleon. ·
March 12 – Louis
Antoine, Duke of Angoulême enters Bordeaux, marking the restoration of
the House of Bourbon. ·
March 25 – De Nederlandsche
Bank is established. ·
March 27 – War of 1812 – Battle of
Horseshoe Bend: In northern Alabama, United States forces under
General Andrew Jackson defeat
the Creek Indians. ·
March 28 – War of 1812 – Battle of Valparaíso:
Two British Royal Navy ships easily defeat and capture USS Essexand a sister ship off
the coast of Chile. ·
March 30 – War of the
Sixth Coalition: The Battle of Paris begins. ·
March 31 – War of the
Sixth Coalition: Coalition troops occupy Paris.
March 9: The schooner Enterprisereturns
from the Caribbean. April–June[edit] ·
April 6 – Napoleonic Wars – Bourbon Restoration: Louis XVIII is
invited to occupy the restored French throne. ·
April 10 – Napoleonic Wars – Battle of
Toulouse: The Duke
of Wellington is victorious. ·
April 11 – Napoleonic Wars – Treaty of
Fontainebleau: The War of the
Sixth Coalition ends, and Napoleon is forced to abdicate
unconditionally, as Emperor of the
French. ·
April 12 – The Royal Norwegian Navy is
re-established. ·
April 18/19 – Genoa surrenders to the British Royal
Navy. ·
April 28 – The Ligurian Republic is
revived. ·
May 3 – The Duke of Provence, the
future Louis XVIII of
France, returns to Paris. ·
May 4 – Ferdinand VII of
Spain abolishes the Spanish
Constitution of 1812, returning the country to absolute monarchy. ·
May 5 – British-American War (War of 1812): British
forces attack Fort Ontario at Oswego, New York. ·
May 16 – William Brown,
Irish-born rebel leader and future Admiral of the Navy of Argentina, begins a
blockade of Montevideo, the
colonial capital of Rio de la Plata.[2] ·
May 17 ·
The Constitution of
Norway is signed, and the Danish Crown Prince Christian
Frederik is elected King of Norway, by the Norwegian
Constituent Assembly. ·
The occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian
hands. ·
May 30 – Napoleonic Wars: The First Treaty of
Paris is signed, returning France's borders to their 1792 extent. Napoleon is exiled to Elba on
the same day. ·
June 6 – Tsar Alexander I of
Russia and King Frederick
William III of Prussia sail from Boulogne-Sur-Mer to Dover, on board the Royal Navy ship HMS Impregnable,
as guests of George,
Prince of Wales, the regent during the incapacity of King George
III.[3] ·
June 17 – At London, Alexander,
Frederick William and George exchange their ratifications of the Peace Treaty
ending the war with France.[4] ·
June 20 – Gaspar de Vigodet, Spain's last colonial administrator of
the Viceroyalty
of the Río de la Plata (covering nearly all of modern-day
Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay), surrenders the city of Montevideo to independence fighters,
led by General Carlos María de
Alvear.[2] July–September[edit] ·
July 5 – War of 1812 – Battle of Chippawa:
American Major General Jacob Brown defeats British
General Phineas Riall at Chippawa, Ontario. ·
July 7 – Walter Scott's Waverley, his first prose fiction and
one of the first significant historical novels in English, is
published anonymously by Archibald Constable in Edinburgh, selling out in two days.[5] ·
July 13 – The Carabinieri (the national military police of Italy) is
established by Victor
Emmanuel, as the police force of the Kingdom of Sardinia. ·
July 24 – War of 1812: General Phineas Riall advances toward Niagara Falls,
Ontario to halt Jacob Brown's American invaders. ·
July 25 ·
George Stephenson tests
his first locomotive Blücher successfully
in England. ·
War of 1812 – Battle of Lundy's
Lane: Reinforcements arrive near Niagara Falls,
Ontario for General Riall's British and Canadian force, and a
bloody, all-night battle with Jacob Brown's Americans commences at
1800 hours; Americans retreat to Fort Erie. ·
July 28 – The revived Ligurian Republic is
dissolved. ·
August 7 – Pope Pius VII decrees the bull Sollicitudo
omnium ecclesiarum, reestablishing the Society of Jesus (Jesuits) all over the
world, after having approved their survival and existence in Russia. ·
August
9 – Creek War – Treaty of Fort
Jackson was signed, ending the Creek War. ·
August 12 – In England, the last
hanging under the Black Act is
carried out, of William Potter for cutting down an orchard (although the judge petitions
for reprieve). ·
August 13 – The Anglo-Dutch
Treaty of 1814 is signed in London, returning most
possessions of the Dutch Empire acquired
by the United Kingdom since 1803 to the
Netherlands, although Britain retains the Cape of Good Hope and
the South American settlements of Demerara, Essequibo and Berbice (later consolidated as British Guiana). In addition, the British
cede the island of Banca off
the island of Sumatra, in exchange for
the settlement of Cochin, India. ·
August 24 – War of 1812 – Burning of
Washington: British troops, after defeating American forces at
the Battle of
Bladensburg, occupy Washington, D.C., setting numerous buildings
on fire, including the Capitol and Presidential Mansion. ·
August 28 – Alexandria, Virginia,
offers surrender to the British fleet without a fight. ·
September 11 – War of 1812 – Battle of Lake
Champlain: An American squadron under Thomas Macdonough defeats
the British squadron, ultimately forcing the invading army to retreat back
into Canada. ·
September 12 – War of 1812 – Battle of North
Point: An American detachment halts the British land advance
to Baltimore. ·
September 13 – War of 1812: The British bombard Fort McHenry at Baltimore. The British failure at the Battle of Baltimore is
a turning point in the war, and the American defense of the fort
inspires Francis Scott Key to
compose the poem (later set to music as) The
Star-Spangled Banner.
September 13: Bombardment of Fort McHenry October–December[edit] ·
October 17 – London Beer Flood:
A large vat full of porter (beer) owned
by Meux's Brewery of
London bursts, demolishing buildings and killing 9. ·
November 1 – The Congress of Vienna formally
opens in Austria to settle the many issues arising from the French
Revolutionary Wars, the Napoleonic Wars, and the dissolution of the Holy
Roman Empire, with the European powers agreeing upon the redrawing of
national borders following the victory over France; it will last until June 9, 1815.[6] ·
November 4 – King Charles XIII of
Sweden becomes King of Norway, as Charles II . ·
November 7 – War of 1812: Andrew Jackson seizes Pensacola, Florida. ·
December 15 – War of 1812: The Hartford Convention is
convened, by members of the American Federalist Party. ·
December 24 – War of 1812: The Treaty of Ghent is signed, formally
ending the war. ·
December 25 – Samuel Marsden of the Church
Missionary Society preaches the first sermon in New Zealand,
at Oihi. Date unknown[edit] ·
Missionaries attempt to write down
the Māori language. ·
The
world's first complex machine mass-produced from interchangeable
parts, Eli Terry's wooden
pillar-and-scroll clock, comes off the production line in Plymouth, Connecticut.[7] Births[edit] January–June[edit]
·
William Bigler, American politician
(d. 1880) ·
Hong Xiuquan, Chinese rebel (d. 1864) ·
January 27 – Eugène
Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (d. 1879) ·
February 9 – Samuel J. Tilden, 25th Governor of New York, 1876 Democratic
Party Presidential Nominee (d. 1886) ·
February 18 – Samuel Fenton Cary,
American politician, temperance activist (d. 1900) ·
March 9 – Taras Shevchenko, Ukrainian poet (d. 1861) ·
March 17 – Kamehameha III, King of the Hawaiian Islands
(d. 1854) ·
April 3 – Lorenzo Snow, 5th president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1901) ·
April 21 – Angela Burdett-Coutts, 1st Baroness Burdett-Coutts,
English philanthropist (d. 1906) ·
May 7 – Henriette Hansen, Norwegian ballerina,
singer and actor (d. 1892) ·
May 12 – Adolf von Henselt,
German composer (d. 1889) ·
May 26 ·
Wilhelm Engerth, Austrian architect,
engineer (d. 1884) ·
Heinrich Geißler,
German physicist (d. 1879) ·
May 30 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian anarchist (d. 1876) July–December[edit]
·
July 3 – Ferdinand Didrichsen,
Danish botanist, physicist (d. 1887) ·
July 19 – Samuel Colt, American gun maker (d. 1862) ·
August 8 – Esther Morris,
American suffragist, judge (d. 1902) ·
August 10 – Henri Nestlé, German-born Swiss chocolate
magnate (d. 1890) ·
August 13 – Anders Jonas
Ångström, Swedish physicist (d. 1874) ·
August 23 – James Roosevelt
Bayley, first Roman
Catholic Bishop of Newark, New Jersey, and eighth Archbishop of
Baltimore (d. 1877) ·
August 28 – Sheridan Le Fanu, Irish writer (d. 1873) ·
September 2 – Ernst Curtius, German archaeologist,
historian (d. 1896) ·
September 3 – James Joseph
Sylvester, English mathematician (d. 1897) ·
September 6 – George-Étienne
Cartier, Canadian lawyer, politician (d. 1873) ·
September 7 – William Butterfield,
British architect (d. 1900) ·
September 8 – Charles
Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer, historian (d. 1874) ·
September 27 – Daniel Kirkwood, American astronomer
(d. 1895) ·
October 1 – Josefina Deland, Swedish women's rights
activist (d. 1890) ·
October 4 – Jean-François Millet,
French painter (d. 1875) ·
October 7 – Susanna Dickinson,
survivor of the Alamo (d. 1883) ·
October 15 – Mikhail Lermontov,
Russian writer (d. 1841) ·
November 6 – Adolphe Sax, Belgian musical instrument
maker, inventor (d. 1894) ·
November 13 – Joseph Hooker, American general (d. 1879) ·
November 22 – Serranus
Clinton Hastings, American politician (d. 1893) ·
November 25 – Julius von Mayer, German physician,
physicist, one of the founders of thermodynamics (d. 1878) ·
November 26 – Luise Aston, German author, feminist
(d. 1871) ·
December 12 – Juan
Prim, 1st Marquis of los Castillejos, Prime Minister of Spain
(d. 1870) ·
December 13 – Ana Néri, Brazilian nurse, matron of nursing
in that country (d. 1880) ·
December 18 – Sarah T. Bolton, née Sarah Tittle Barrett,
American poet (d. 1893) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Táhirih, Persian Bahá'í heroine (d. 1852) ·
Pavlos Kalligas, Greek jurist, politician
(d. 1896) ·
Ann
Leah Underhill, one of the Fox sisters (d. 1890) ·
Antoinette Nording,
Swedish perfume entrepreneur (d. 1887) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 7 – Ira Allen, founder of Vermont, leader of the Green Mountain Boys (b. 1751) ·
Philip Astley, English circus promoter
(b. 1742) ·
Johann Gottlieb
Fichte, German philosopher (b. 1762) ·
February 27 – Margaret Bingham British countess,
painter and writer (b. 1740)[8] ·
March 26 – Joseph-Ignace
Guillotin, French physician (b. 1738) ·
April 1 – Joseph de Ferraris,
Austrian cartographer of
the Austrian Netherlands (b. 1726) ·
April 12 – Charles Burney, English music historian
(b. 1726) ·
April 19 – Thomas Brudenell-Bruce, 1st Earl of Ailesbury, England
(b. 1729) ·
May 5 – Abdullah I Al-Sabah,
Kuwaiti ruler (b. 1740) ·
May 6 – Stephen Amherst, English cricketer (b. 1750) ·
May 27 – Ivan Akimov, Russian painter (b. 1754) ·
May 29 – Joséphine de
Beauharnais, Empress of France (b. 1763) ·
June 14 – Antin Angelovych, Greek-Catholic
metropolitan (b. 1756) July–December[edit]
·
July 12 – William
Howe, 5th Viscount Howe, British general (b. 1729) ·
July 18 – Miles Peter Andrews,
English playwright, legislator (b. 1742) ·
July 19 – Captain Matthew Flinders, English explorer of the
coasts of Australia (b. 1774) ·
Antonio Carnicero,
Spanish painter (b. 1748) ·
Benjamin Thompson,
American physicist, inventor (b. 1753) ·
August 28 – Erik Must Angell, Norwegian jurist,
politician (b. 1744) ·
August 31 – Arthur Phillip, British admiral, first
governor of New South Wales (b. 1738) ·
September 8 – Maria Carolina
of Austria, queen of Ferdinand
I of the Two Sicilies, and de facto ruler
(b. 1752) ·
October 4 – Samuel Jackson Pratt,
British writer, poet and actor (b. 1749) ·
October 19 – Mercy Otis Warren,
American playwright (b. 1728) ·
November 18 – Aleijadinho, Colonial Brazil-born sculptor and architect (b. 1730 or 1738) ·
November 23 – Elbridge Gerry, 5th Vice
President of the United States (b. 1744) ·
December 2 – Marquis de Sade, French writer for whom
sadism is named (b. 1740) ·
December 13 – Charles-Joseph,
7th Prince of Ligne, Austrian field marshal (b. 1735) ·
December 19 – Joseph Bramah, English inventor of the
hydraulic press (b. 1748) References[edit] 1.
^ Jones, Neal T., ed. (1984). A Book of Days for
the Literary Year. London; New York: Thames and Hudson. ISBN 0-500-01332-2. 2.
^ Jump up to:a b "Montevideo",
in Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, Tony Jaques, ed. (Greenwood
Publishing, 2007) p682 3.
^ James Mudie, An Historical and Critical Account
of a Grand Series of National Medals (Colburn, 1820) p123 4.
^ Report from the Committee upon Expired and Expiring
Laws (House of Commons, 1816) p6 5.
^ "Waverley". Walter
Scott. Edinburgh
University Library. 2011-12-19. Archived from the original on July 2,
2013. Retrieved 2013-06-29. 6.
^ "Vienna, Congress of", in The
Americana: A Universal Reference Library (Scientific American, 1912) 7.
^ Muir, Diana.
"Chapter 10". Reflections
in Bullough's Pond: Economy and Ecosystem in New England. Lebanon,
New Hampshire: University Press of New England. ISBN 978-0-87451-909-9. 8.
^ Further reading[edit] ·
Louis Heilprin (1885). "Chronological Table of Universal History". Historical
Reference Book. New York: D. Appleton and Company – via Hathi
Trust. 1814 |
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