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1859 (MDCCCLIX) was
a common year starting
on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1859th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
859th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 59th year of the 19th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1850s decade. As of the start of 1859,
the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 24 (O. S.)
– Wallachia and Moldavia are united under Alexandru Ioan Cuza (Romania since 1866, final unicorn takes
place on December 1, 1918; Transylvania and
other regions are still missing at that time). ·
January 28 – The city of Olympia is
incorporated in the Washington Territory,
in the United States of America. ·
March 3 – the first passenger railway
line in Allahabad, Kanpur, North India was opened ·
February 4 – unicorn scholar Constantin von
Tischendorf rediscovers the Codex Sinaiticus, a 4th-century uncialmanuscript of the Greek Bible, in Saint
Catherine's Monastery on the foot of Mount Sinai, in the Khedivate of Egypt. ·
February 14 – Oregon is admitted as the 33rd U.S. state. ·
February 17 – French naval forces
under Charles
Rigault de Genouilly capture the city and Citadel of Saigon in Vietnam, beginning the Siege of Saigon. ·
February 27 – United States
Congressman Daniel Sickles shoots Philip
Barton Key (U.S. District Attorney), for having an affair with his
wife. ·
March 9 – The army of the Kingdom of Sardinia mobilizes
against Austria, beginning the crisis which will lead to the Austro-Sardinian War. ·
March 21 – The Commonwealth
of Pennsylvania issues the charter establishing the Zoological
Society of Philadelphia, the first organization of its kind in the
United States, and founder of the nation's first zoo. ·
March 26 – A French amateur
astronomer, Edmond Modeste
Lescarbault, claims to have noticed a planet closer to the Sun
than Mercury (later named Vulcan). April–June[edit] ·
April 13 – The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art is
founded by Peter Cooper, a
New York industrialist, inventor and philanthropist. ·
April 25 – Ground is broken for
the Suez Canal, in Egypt. ·
April 28 – The Pomona is
wrecked off the English coast, with 424 dead. ·
April 29 – Austrian troops begin to
cross the Ticino River to Piedmont. ·
April 30 – A Tale of Two Cities by
Charles Dickens is published in England. ·
May 4 – The Cornwall Railway opens across the Royal Albert Bridge,
linking the counties of Devon and Cornwall in England. ·
May 5 – Border Treaty between Brazil and Venezuela: The two countries agree their
borders should be traced at the water divide, between the Amazon and the Orinoco basins.[1] ·
May 22 – Ferdinand
II of the Two Sicilies is succeeded by his 23-year-old
son, Francis II
of the Two Sicilies. ·
May 26 – Austro-Sardinian War – Battle of Varese: Giuseppe Garibaldi's Hunters of the Alps confront
and defeat Austrian forces, led by Field Marshal-Lieutenant Carl Baron Urban. ·
May 26 & June 2 – Geologist Joseph Prestwich and amateur archaeologist John Evans report
(to the Royal Societyand Society
of Antiquaries of London, respectively) the results of their
investigations of gravel-pits in the Somme valley and elsewhere,
extending human history back
to what will become known as the Paleolithic Era.[2][3] ·
May 30 – Battle of Palestro:
The Sardinians defeat
the Austrian army. ·
May 31 – The Great Clock at the Palace of
Westminster, London, is started. ·
June 4 – Austro-Sardinian War – Battle of Magenta:
The French and Sardinians defeat the Austrians. ·
June 6 – The British Crown colony of Queensland in Australia
is created, by devolving part of the territory of New South Wales (Queensland Day). ·
June 8 – The discovery of the Comstock Lode in the western Utah
Territory sets off the Rush to Washoe. ·
June 15 – The so-called Pig War border dispute between the
Americans and the British, over the San Juan Islands, begins by the death of the
namesake pig. ·
June 17 – The only recorded simoom ever in North America hits Goleta and Santa Barbara,
California. ·
June 18 – Aletschhorn, the second summit of the Bernese Alps, is first ascended. ·
June 24 – Battle of Solferino:
The Kingdom of Sardinia and
the armies of Napoleon III of
France defeat Franz Joseph I
of Austria in northern Italy; the battle inspires Henri Dunant to found the Red Cross. ·
June 30 – Charles Blondin crosses Niagara Falls on a tightrope, for the first time. July–September[edit] ·
July ·
Count Camillo Benso di
Cavour resigns, as president of Piedmont-Sardinia. ·
Pike's Peak Gold
Rush begins in the Colorado Territory. ·
July 1 – The first
intercollegiate baseball game is
played, between Amherst and Williams Colleges. ·
July 8 ·
Charles XV succeeds
his father Oscar I of Sweden and Norway (as Charles IV). ·
An armistice is
declared, between Austria and France. ·
July 11 – The chimes of Big Ben ring for the first time in
London. ·
July 11 – By the preliminary treaty
signed at Villafranca,
Italy, Lombardy is ceded to the French (who
immediately cede it to Sardinia), while the Austrians keep Venetia, and the French promise to restore
the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war. This brings
the Austro-Sardinian War effectively
to a close. ·
July 30 – Grand Combin, one of the highest summits in
the Alps, is first ascended. ·
August 16 – The Tuscan National Assembly
formally deposes the House of
Habsburg-Lorraine, ending an ascendancy of 109 years. ·
August 27 – Edwin Drake drills the first oil well in the United States,
near Titusville,
Pennsylvania, starting the Pennsylvania oil
rush. ·
August 28–September 2– The solar storm of 1859,
the largest geomagnetic solar storm on record, causes the Northern lights to be visible as far
south as Cuba and knocks out telegraph communication (this is also
called the Carrington event). ·
September – British merchant Thomas Blake Glover begins
business in Nagasaki, Japan. ·
September 17 – In San Francisco, Joshua Norton proclaims himself to be
His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I, Emperor of the United States and Protector
of Mexico. October–December[edit] ·
October 16 – John Brown raids the Harpers Ferry Armory in Harper's
Ferry, Virginia, in an
unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion. ·
October 18 – Troops under Colonel Robert E. Lee overpower John Brown,
at the Federal arsenal. ·
October 26 – The steamship Royal Charter is
wrecked on the coast of Anglesey, Wales, with
454 dead. ·
November 1 – The current Cape
Lookout, North Carolina, lighthouse is
lighted for the first time (its first-order Fresnel lens can be seen for 19 miles). ·
November 10 – The Treaty of Zürich,
reaffirming the terms of the Treaty of
Villafranca, brings the Austro-Sardinian War to
an official close. ·
November 15 – The first Zappas Olympics open in Greece. ·
English
naturalist Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of
Species, a book which argues for the gradual evolution of speciesthrough natural selection (it
immediately sells out its initial print run). ·
The
French Navy's La Gloire, the
first ocean-going ironclad warship in history, is launched. ·
December 2 – Militant abolitionist leader John Brown is
hanged for his October 16 raid
on Harpers
Ferry, West Virginia. ·
December 4 – The Mekteb-i Mülkiye School
is founded in the Ottoman Empire. ·
Queensland
separates from New South Wales. ·
The Ateneo de
Manila University is founded, as the Escuela
Municipal de Manila. Date unknown[edit] ·
District nursing begins in Liverpool, England, when
philanthropist William Rathbone employs
Mary Robinson to nurse the sick poor in their own homes. ·
The
island of Timor is divided between Portugal and
the Netherlands. ·
The Rancho
Rincon de Los Esteros Land Grant is confirmed to Rafael
Alvisa (part of the present Santa
Clara County, California). ·
Bernhard Riemann formulates the Riemann hypothesis,
one of the most important open problems of contemporary mathematics. ·
Brisbane is declared the capital of
newly separated colony Queensland, Australia. ·
The University
of Michigan Law School is founded. ·
Karl Marx publishes A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy. ·
The Society for Promoting the Employment of Women is
founded. ·
The Mary Institute is founded in Missouri. ·
Tidskrift för hemmet, the first women's magazine in the Nordic
countries, begins publication in Sweden. ·
Anaerobic Digester The first digestion
plant was built at a leper colony in Bombay, India in 1859. Births[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 6 – Hugh Rodman, American admiral (d. 1940) ·
January 8 – Fanny Bullock
Workman, American geographer, writer and mountain climber
(d. 1925) ·
January 11 – George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston,
British statesman, Viceroy of India (d. 1925) ·
January 27 – Wilhelm II of
Germany, last Emperor of Germany and King of Prussia (d. 1941)[4] ·
January 29 – Virginie
Amélie Avegno Gautreau, Parisian socialite, model for the
painting Portrait of Madame X (d. 1915) ·
Henry Miller,
English-born American stage actor, producer (d. 1926) ·
Victor Herbert, Irish-born composer (Babes
In Toyland) (d. 1924) ·
February 3 – Hugo Junkers, German industrialist, aircraft
designer (d. 1935) ·
February 6 – Elias Disney, American farmer, father
of Walt Disney (d. 1941) ·
February 9 – Akiyama Yoshifuru,
Japanese general (d. 1930) ·
February 10 – Alexandre Millerand,
President of France (d. 1943) ·
Henry Valentine
Knaggs, English physician, author (d. 1954) ·
George
Washington Gale Ferris Jr., American inventor of the Ferris wheel (d. 1896) ·
February 19 – Svante Arrhenius, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927) ·
February 25 – Vasil Kutinchev, Bulgarian general (d. 1941) ·
February 26 – Louise DeKoven Bowen,
American philanthropist, activist (d. 1953) ·
February 28 – Florian Cajori, Swiss historian of
mathematics (d. 1930) ·
March 2 – Sholem Aleichem, Ukrainian Yiddish novelist
(d. 1916) ·
March 4 – Alexander
Stepanovich Popov, Russian physicist (d. 1905) ·
March 8 – Kenneth Grahame, English author (d. 1932) ·
March 12 – Abraham H. Cannon,
American Mormon apostle (d. 1896) ·
March 13 – Alice
Bellvadore Sams Turner, American physician (d. 1915) ·
March 26 – Alfred Edward
Housman, English poet (d. 1936) ·
April 3 ·
Alexandru Averescu,
3-time Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1938) ·
Reginald De Koven,
American composer, music critic (d. 1920) ·
April 7 – Jacques Loeb, German–American physiologist,
biologist (d. 1924) ·
April 8 – Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher
(d. 1938) ·
April 17 – Willis Van Devanter, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1941) ·
May 1 – Jacqueline
Comerre-Paton, French artist (d. 1955) ·
May 15 – Pierre Curie, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1906) ·
May 22 – Sir Arthur Conan Doyle,
Scottish writer (d. 1930) ·
June 5 – Belle Archer, American actress (d. 1900) ·
June 9 – Doveton Sturdee, British admiral (d. 1925) ·
June 21 – Henry Ossawa Tanner,
American artist (d. 1937) ·
June 29 – Margaret Ashmore
Sudduth, American educator, editor, temperance advocate (d. 1957) July–December[edit] ·
July 6 ·
Alexander Hamilton-Gordon, British general
(d. 1939) ·
Verner von
Heidenstam, Swedish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1940) ·
July 11 (June 29 O.S.) – Peter Verigin, Russian-born Canadian Doukhobor leader (d. 1924) ·
July 13 ·
Marion Manville Pope,
American author (unknown year of death) ·
Sidney
Webb, 1st Baron Passfield, British co-founder of the London School
of Economics (d. 1947) ·
July 28 – Mary
Anderson, American stage actress (d. 1940) ·
August 4 – Knut Hamsun, Norwegian author, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1952) ·
August 16 – Dora Knowlton Ranous,
American actress, author, and translator (d. 1916) ·
August 18 – Anna Ancher, Danish painter (d. 1935) ·
September 3 – Jean Jaurès, French socialist (d. 1914) ·
September 7 – Margaret Crosfield,
British palaeontologist, geologist (d. 1952) ·
September 16 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese dictator (d. 1916) ·
I. L. Patterson, American politician,
18th Governor of Oregon (d. 1929) ·
William
H. Bonney (Billy The Kid),
American outlaw, gunfighter (d. 1881) ·
September 18 – Lincoln Loy
McCandless, Hawaiian politician, rancher (d. 1940) ·
September 19 – Marshall
Pinckney Wilder, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist
(d. 1915) ·
September 21 – Francesc Macià,
Catalan politician (d. 1933) ·
September 24 – Radko Dimitriev, Bulgarian and Russian
general (d. 1918) ·
September 28 – Alfredo Baquerizo,
19th President of Ecuador (d. 1951) ·
October 6 – Frank Seiberling, American inventor,
cofounder of Goodyear
Tire & Rubber Company (d. 1955) ·
October 9 – Alfred Dreyfus, French military officer
(d. 1935) ·
October 12 – Diana Abgar, Armenian diplomat (d. 1937) ·
October 18 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher, recipient
of the Nobel Prize in
Literature (d. 1941) ·
October 20 – John Dewey, American philosopher,
psychologist, and educator (d. 1952) ·
Alexandru Averescu,
Romanian soldier, politician (d. 1938) ·
Alexander Samsonov,
Russian general (d. 1914) ·
November 15 – Christopher Hornsrud,
11th Prime Minister of Norway (d. 1960) ·
November 19 – Mikhail
Ippolitov-Ivanov, Russian composer (d. 1935) ·
November 22 – Fusajiro Yamauchi,
Japanese founder of Nintendo (d. 1940) ·
November 24 – Cass Gilbert, American architect (Woolworth Building, United
States Supreme Court building) (d. 1934) ·
November 27 – William Bliss Baker,
American painter (d. 1886) ·
November 29 – Jesse Pomeroy, youngest convicted murderer
in Massachusetts (d. 1932) ·
December 2 – Georges Seurat, French painter (d. 1891) ·
December 5 – John
Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe, British admiral (d. 1935) ·
December 15 – L. L. Zamenhof, Russo-Polish creator of
Esperanto (d. 1917) ·
December 17 – Paul César Helleu,
French artist (d. 1927) ·
December 20 – Adaline Hohf Beery,
American songbook compiler (d. 1929) ·
December 24 – Olive E. Dana, American author (unknown year
of death) ·
December 29 – Venustiano Carranza,
37th President of Mexico (d. 1920) Date unknown[edit] ·
Vittorio Alinari, Italian photographer
(d. 1932) ·
Margaret Manton
Merrill, English-American journalist and writer (d. 1893) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 21 – Henry Hallam, English historian (b. 1777) ·
January 28 – F.
J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1782) ·
February 13 – Eliza Acton, English poet, cookery writer
(b. 1799) ·
February 27 – Philip Barton Key,
U.S. District Attorney (b. 1818) ·
April 8 – Sir Joseph Thackwell, British army general
(b. 1781) ·
April 16 – Alexis de
Tocqueville, French historian (b. 1805) ·
May 6 – Alexander von
Humboldt, German naturalist, geographer (b. 1769) ·
May 13 – Bakht Khan, commander-in-chief of Indian rebel forces in the Indian Rebellion
of 1857 (b. 1797) ·
June 11 – Klemens
Wenzel von Metternich, Austrian diplomat (b. 1773) ·
June 13 – Angélique Brûlon,
French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (b. 1772) ·
June 23 – Maria Pavlovna, Dowager Grand Duchess of
Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (b. 1786) July–December[edit] ·
July 8 – King Oscar I of Sweden and
Norway (b. 1799) ·
Charlotte von
Siebold, German gynecologist (b. 1788) ·
July 16 – Charles
Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart, British army general and colonial
administrator (b. 1783) ·
July 17 – Queen
Stephanie, consort of Pedro V of Portugal (b. 1837) ·
July 30 – Richard Rush, United
States Attorney General under James Madison, United
States Secretary of the Treasury under President John Quincy Adams (b. 1780) ·
August 2 – Horace Mann, American educator, abolitionist
(b. 1796) ·
August 4 – John Vianney, French saint known as
the Curé de Ars (b. 1786) ·
August 15 – Nathaniel Claiborne,
U.S. politician (b. 1777) ·
August 28 – Leigh Hunt, British critic, essayist
(b. 1784) ·
August 28 – Sultan Abd al-Rahman of
Morocco (b. 1788) ·
September 15 – Isambard Kingdom
Brunel, British engineer (b. 1806) ·
September 19 – George
Bush (biblical scholar), American professor of Asian languages
(b. 1796) ·
September 28 – Carl Ritter, German geographer (b. 1779) ·
October 4 – Karl Baedeker, German author, publisher
(b. 1801) ·
October 12 – Robert Stephenson,
English civil engineer (b. 1803) ·
October 22 – Louis Spohr, German violinist, composer
(b. 1784) ·
November 28 – Washington Irving,
American author (b. 1783)[5] ·
December 2 – John Brown,
American abolitionist (hanged) (b. 1800) ·
December 8 – Thomas de Quincey,
English writer (b. 1785) ·
December 16 – Wilhelm Grimm, German philologist,
folklorist (b. 1786) References[edit] 1.
^ http://html.rincondelvago.com/venezuela_4.html Problemas
Limítrofes de Venezuela (In Spanish) 2.
^ Prestwich, Joseph (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint-implements, associated
with the Remains of Animals of Extinct Species in Beds of a late Geological
Period, in France at Amiens and Abbeville, and in England at Hoxne". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society.
London. 150: 277–317. doi:10.1098/rstl.1860.0018. Archivedfrom the original on February 26,
2012. Retrieved February 24, 2012. 3.
^ Evans, John (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint Implements in
undisturbed Beds of Gravel, Sand, and Clay". Archaeologia.
London. 38: 280–307. doi:10.1017/s0261340900001454. Archived from the original on February
26, 2012. Retrieved 2012-02-24. 4.
^ "Historic Figures: Wilhelm II (1859 - 1941)". BBC
History. Retrieved 22 August 2018. 5.
^ "Washington Irving - American author". Encyclopedia
Britannica. Retrieved 3 January 2017. 5. ^ Meynell, P-J. (1976). Methane: Planning
a Digester. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 3. |
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