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1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was
a common year starting
on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1874th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 874th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 74th year of the 19th century,
and the 5th year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1874, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January – The Pangkor Treaty (also known as the
Pangkor Engagement), by which the British extended their control over first
the Sultanate of Perak, and later the other
independent Malay States, is signed. ·
January 1 – New York City annexes The Bronx. ·
January 2 – Ignacio
María González becomes head of state of the Dominican Republic for
the first time. ·
January 3 – Third Carlist War – Battle of Caspe: Campaigning on the Ebro in
Aragon for the Spanish Republican Government, Colonel Eulogio Despujol
surprises a Carlist force under Manuel Marco de Bello at Caspe, northeast of
Alcañiz. In a brilliant action the Carlists are routed, losing 200 prisoners
and 80 horses, while Despujol is promoted to Brigadier and becomes Conde de
Caspe. ·
Prince
Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, second son of Queen Victoria, marries Grand
Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, only daughter of Tsar Alexander III of
Russia. ·
Camille Saint-Saëns'
composition Danse macabre receives
its première. ·
February 21 – The Oakland Daily
Tribune publishes its first issue. ·
February 23 – Walter Clopton
Wingfield patents a game called "sphairistike",
which is more commonly called lawn tennis. ·
February 24–25 – Third Carlist War –
First Battle of Somorrostro: Determined to raise the siege of Bilbao by the
Pretender Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano
sends General Domingo Moriones with a relief force of 14,000 men. Carlists,
under General Nicolás Ollo, entrenched at Somorrostro outside Bilbao, drive
back a courageous assault by General Fernando Primo de Rivera and then the
entire Republican army. The republicans lose 1,200 men, and Moriones loses
his nerve, demanding reinforcements and a replacement for himself. Moriones,
men entrench and wait. ·
March 14 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Castellfollit de la Roca: Appointed to command the Spanish
Republican army in the north, General Ramón Nouvilas attempts to relieve the
Carlist siege of Olot in Girona. But at Castellfollit de la Roca, in one of
the Government's worst defeats, Nouvilas is routed by Carlist General Francesc Savalls, and captured along with
about 2,000 of his men. Olot capitulates two days later. ·
March 15 – France and Viet Nam sign
the Second Treaty of
Saigon, further recognizing the full sovereignty of France
over Cochinchina. ·
March 18 ·
Hawaii
signs a treaty with the United States, granting exclusive trading rights. ·
The Dresden
English Football Club is founded, the first soccer club on
the European mainland. ·
March 25–27 – Third Carlist War –
Second Battle of Somorrostro: In a renewed attempt to raise the siege of
Bilbao by Don Carlos VII, Republican commander Marshal Francisco Serrano
himself arrives with 27,000 men and 70 cannon. However, in three days of
fierce fighting, the Carlist General Joaquín Elío, with just 17,000 men, once
again drives off the attack at nearby Somorrostro, and it is another six
weeks before Serrano manages to relieve Bilbao. ·
March – The Young Men's Hebrew
Association in Manhattan (which
still operates today as the 92nd Street Y) is founded. April–June[edit] ·
April 15–May 15 – A group of young
painters, Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes, Peintres,
Sculpteurs, Graveurs, gives their first exhibition, at the studio of the
photographer Nadar in
Paris. Louis Leroy's
critical review of it published on 25 April gives rise to the term Impressionism for the movement, with
reference to Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise. ·
May 2 – Third Carlist War –
Siege of Bilbao: The siege is lifted. ·
May 9 – The first commercial
horse-drawn carriage debuts in the city of Bombay, plying two routes. ·
May 20 – Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis receive
a U.S. patent for blue jeans, with copper rivets. The price is
$13.50 per dozen. ·
May 27 – The first group of Dorsland Trekkers, a series of
expeditions by Trekboere in
search of political independence and better farming conditions, departs South
Africa to settle in Angola, led by Gert Alberts.[1] ·
June 14 – Michel Domingue becomes head of state
of Haiti. ·
June 22 – Andrew Taylor Still starts
the movement for osteopathic
medicine in the United States at Kirksville, Missouri. ·
June 25–June 27 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Monte Muro: Carlist forces
entrenched around Abárzuza, on the
approach to Estella in Navarre, repel an attack by
Isabelino/Liberal (supporters of Queen Isabella II) troops led by
General Manuel
Gutiérrez de la Concha, Marqués del Duero, who is killed on the
third day of fighting. July–September[edit] ·
July 1 ·
The Universal Postal
Union is established. ·
The Philadelphia Zoo opens, the first
public zoo in the United States. ·
The Sholes and
Glidden typewriter, with cylindrical platen and QWERTY keyboard, is first marketed in
the United States. ·
The Bank of Spain emits the first peseta banknotes.[2] ·
July 14 – The Chicago Fire of 1874 burns
down 47 acres of the city, destroying 812 buildings, killing 20, and
resulting in the fire insurance industry demanding municipal reforms from
Chicago's city council. ·
July 23 – Aires de
Ornelas e Vasconcelos is appointed Archbishop of the
Portuguese colonial enclave of Goa. ·
July 24 ·
Mathew Evans and Henry Woodward patent
the first incandescent lamp,
with an electric light bulb. ·
Third Carlist War –
Sack of Cuenca: After Carlist forces successfully defend Estella, Don Alfonso
de Bourbon, brother of the Don Carlos VII, leads 14,000 Catalan Carlists
south to attack Cuenca (136 km from Madrid), held by Republicans under
Don Hilario Lozano. After two days the outnumbered garrison capitulates, but
Don Alfonso permits a terrible slaughter. The city is sacked. Subsequently,
another republican force defeats the disorderly Catalans, who flee back to
the Ebro. ·
July 31 – Patrick Francis
Healy, S.J., the first Black man to receive a PhD, is inaugurated
as president of Georgetown University, the oldest Catholic University in
America, and becomes the first Black to head a predominantly White university. ·
August 11 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Oteiza: Two months after Government forces were repulsed from
Carlist-held Estella, in Navarre, Republican General Domingo Moriones makes a
fresh diversionary attack a few miles to the southeast at Oteiza. In heavy
fighting Moriones secures a costly tactical victory over Carlist General
Torcuato Mendíri, but the war continues another 18 months, before Estella
finally falls. ·
September 9 Captain Lyman's wagon train
besieged by Indians in Hemphill County,
Texas. ·
September 14 – Battle of Liberty
Place: In New Orleans,
former Confederate Army members of the White League temporarily drive
Republican Governor William P. Kellogg from
office, replacing him with former Democratic Governor John McEnery.
U.S. Army troops restore Kellogg to office five days later.[3] ·
September 28 – Texas–Indian wars:
U.S. Army Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie leads
his force of 600 men on the successful raid of the last sanctuary of
the Kiowa, Comanche and Cheyenne Indian tribes, a village
inside the Palo Duro Canyon in
Texas, and carries out their removal to the designated Indian reservations
in Oklahoma.[4] October–December[edit] ·
October 9 – The Treaty of Bern establishes the General Postal Union,
to coordinate the exchange of international mail. ·
October 19 – The modern University of Zagreb is
founded in Zagreb. ·
November 2 – The first issue of Japanese language newspaper Yomiuri Shinbun is published
in Tokyo, Japan.[5] ·
November 4 – Democrats gain
control of the United
States House of Representatives for the first time
since 1860. ·
November 7 – Harper's Weekly publishes a cartoon by Thomas Nast which is the first use of
an elephant as a symbol for the Republican
Party in the United States.[6] ·
November 9 – The New York Zoo hoax, a
supposed breakout of animals from the Central Park Zoo, is perpetrated on the
public. ·
November 10 – John Ernst
Worrell Keely demonstrates his "induction resonance
motion motor", a perpetual motion
machine, which eventually turns out to be a fraud. ·
November 11 – The Gamma Phi Beta sorority is founded at Syracuse University.
This is the first women's Greek letter organization to be called a sorority. ·
November 25 – The United
States Greenback Party is established as a political party, made primarily of farmers
financially hurt by the Panic of 1873. ·
December 1 – Iceland is granted a constitution, and limited home rule from
Denmark. ·
December 29 – General Martínez and
Brigadier General Luís Daban stage a pronunciamento at Sagunto, and proclaim Isabel's son Alfonso as King of Spain. Subsequently,
the Madrid garrison follows suit, and the First Spanish
Republic comes to an end. Date unknown[edit] ·
The Agra Canal opens in India. ·
St.
Nicholas' Church, Hamburg, designed by English architect George Gilbert Scott,
is completed. Its 147 metres (482 ft)-tall spire makes it (briefly, and by 5m)
the world's tallest building (a title held
since 1647 by Strasbourg Cathedral). ·
The House of Keys, lower house of the Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man, moves from Castletown to Douglas.[7] ·
Charles Taze Russell and
the Bible Student
movement claim this year marks the invisible return of Jesus
Christ to earth. ·
Gold is
discovered in the Black Hills. ·
The San
Diego Natural History Museum is founded. ·
The
following Association football clubs
are founded in Great Britain: ·
Aston Villa. ·
Bolton Wanderers (as
Christ Church F.C.) ·
English
chemist C. R. Alder Wright synthetizes heroin for the first time. ·
The
Supreme Council 33° Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry of
Canada is founded. ·
The
medieval Frankish
Tower on the Acropolis of Athens is
demolished. Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
January 1 – Gustav Albin Weißkopf,
German-born aviation pioneer (d. 1927) ·
January 4 – Josef Suk,
Czech composer, violinist (d. 1935) ·
January 5 – Joseph Erlanger, American
physiologist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1965) ·
January 12 – Marta Anna Wiecka,
Polish Roman Catholic religious
professed and blessed (d. 1904) ·
January 13 – Alexandros
Hatzikyriakos, Greek admiral, politician (d. 1958) ·
January 16 – Robert W. Service,
American poet (d. 1958) ·
January 20 – Steve Bloomer, English footballer, cricketer
and baseball player (d. 1938) ·
January 21 – Frederick Madison
Smith, American religious leader, author (d. 1946) ·
January 25 – William Somerset
Maugham, English author (d. 1965) ·
Vsevolod Meyerhold,
Russian theatre practitioner (d. 1940) ·
Gheorghe Mironescu,
2-time Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1949) ·
January 29 – John D.
Rockefeller Jr., American entrepreneur (d. 1960) ·
February 1 – Hugo von
Hofmannsthal, Austrian writer (d. 1929) ·
February 2 – William T. Innes, American writer,
ichthyologist, publisher (d. 1969) ·
February 3 – Gertrude Stein, American writer, patron of
the arts (d. 1946) ·
February 6 – Henry C. Mustin, American naval aviation
pioneer (d. 1923) ·
February 9 – Amy Lowell, American poet (d. 1925) ·
Elsa Beskow, Swedish writer (d. 1953) ·
Fritz Hart, English-born composer (d. 1949) ·
February 15 – Sir Ernest Shackleton,
Irish explorer (d. 1922) ·
February 17 – Thomas J. Watson, American computer pioneer
(d. 1956) ·
Max Adalbert, German actor (d. 1933) ·
Carl Stockdale, American actor (d. 1953) ·
February 20 – Mary Garden, American opera soprano of Scots
descent (some sources state her birth year as 1877) (d. 1967) ·
February 23 – Konstantin Päts,
Estonian president (d. 1956) ·
February 24 – Honus Wagner, American baseball player
(d. 1955) ·
February 26 – Nikolai Korotkov, Russian surgeon (d. 1920) ·
March 4 – Stephen Victor
Graham, United States Navy Rear
Admiral and 18th Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1955) ·
March 5 – Henry Travers, English actor (d. 1965) ·
March 12 – Charles Weeghman, American restaurateur,
owner of Chicago Cubs (d. 1938) ·
March 16 – Frédéric
François-Marsal, Prime Minister of France (d. 1958) ·
March 20 – Börries von
Münchhausen, German poet (d. 1945) ·
March 24 ·
Luigi Einaudi, 2nd President of Italy
(d. 1961) ·
Harry Houdini, Hungarian-born magician
(d. 1926) ·
March 26 – Robert Frost, American poet (d. 1963) ·
March 29 – Lou Henry Hoover, First
Lady of the United States (d. 1944) ·
March 30 ·
Charles
Herbert Lightoller, 2nd Officer of the RMS Titanic (d. 1952) ·
Nicolae Rădescu,
45th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1953) April–June[edit]
·
April 8 – Stanisław
Taczak, Polish general, commander-in-chief of the Greater Poland
Uprising (d. 1960) ·
April 15 – Johannes Stark, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1957) ·
April 19 – Ernst Rüdin, Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist
(d. 1952) ·
April 25 – Guglielmo Marconi,
Italian inventor, recipient of the Nobel Prize in
Physics (d. 1937) ·
April 28 – Sidney Toler, American actor, playwright and
theatre director (d. 1947) ·
May 3 – François Coty, French perfume manufacturer
(d. 1934) ·
May 7 – Ilmari Kianto, Finnish poet (d. 1970) ·
May 9 – Howard Carter, British archaeologist
(d. 1939) ·
May 14 – Polaire, French actress, singer (d. 1939) ·
May 18 – Anna Boschek, Austrian politician (d. 1957) ·
May 19 – Gilbert Jessop, English cricketer (d. 1955) ·
May 22 – Daniel François
Malan, 4th Prime Minister of South Africa (d. 1959) ·
May 26 – Henri Farman, pioneer French pilot, aircraft
designer (d. 1958) ·
May 27 – Dustin Farnum, American actor (d. 1929) ·
May 29 – G. K. Chesterton, English author (d. 1936) ·
June 11 – Lyman Gilmore, American aviation pioneer
(d. 1951) ·
June 16 – Arthur Meighen, 9th Prime Minister
of Canada (d. 1960) ·
June 17 – Grant Mitchell,
American actor (d. 1957) ·
June 18 – King George Tupou II of Tonga, (d. 1918) ·
June 19 – Peder Oluf Pedersen,
Danish engineer, physicist (d. 1941) July–September[edit]
·
July 3 – Richard B. Bennett,
11th Prime Minister
of Canada (d. 1947) ·
July 4? – Moloko Temo, South African supercentenarian
(d. 2009) ·
July 5 – Eugen Fischer, German professor of medicine,
anthropology, and eugenics (d. 1967) ·
July 6 – Isaías de Noronha,
13th President of Brazil (d. 1963) ·
July 14 – Abbas II,
last khedive of Egypt (d. 1944) ·
July 25 – Alfred Walton Hinds,
17th Naval Governor of
Guam (d. 1957) ·
July 26 – Serge Koussevitzky,
Russian conductor (d. 1951) ·
July 27 – Frank Shannon, American actor (d. 1959) ·
July 29 – J. S. Woodsworth, Canadian politician
(d. 1942) ·
August 1 – Constantin Levaditi,
Romanian physician and microbiologist (d. 1953) ·
August 6 – Charles Fort, Dutch-American writer, researcher into
anomalous phenomena (d. 1932) ·
August 8 – Albert
Stanley, 1st Baron Ashfield, British-American businessman
(d. 1948) ·
Herbert Hoover, 31st President
of the United States (d. 1964) ·
Jirō Minami, Japanese general, Governor-General
of Korea (1936-1942) (d. 1955) ·
August 27 – Carl Bosch, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1940) ·
Paul Kuhn,
German operatic tenor (d. 1966) ·
Redcliffe N. Salaman,
British botanist (d. 1955) ·
Henry Fountain
Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962) ·
Arnold Schoenberg,
Austrian composer (d. 1951) ·
August 14 – Bertha M. Wilson, American dramatist,
critic, and actress (d. 1936) ·
September 21 – Gustav Holst, English composer (d. 1934) ·
September 23 – Ernst Streeruwitz,
6th Chancellor of Austria (d. 1952) October–December[edit]
·
October 3 – Charles B. Middleton,
American actor (d. 1949) ·
October 8 – István Bethlen,
28th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1946) ·
October 10 – Jadwiga
Dziubińska, Polish politician (d. 1937) ·
October 8 – Nance O'Neil, stage & film actress,
friend of Lizzie Borden (d. 1965) ·
October 9 – Nicholas Roerich, Russian painter (d. 1947) ·
October 13 – József Klekl, Slovene politician in Hungary (d. 1948) ·
October 15 – Prince Alfred of
Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (d. 1899) ·
October 17 – Lumsden Hare, Irish-born actor, theatre
director and producer (d. 1964) ·
October 18 – Christine Murrell,
English medical doctor, first female member of the British
Medical Association's Central Council (d. 1933) ·
October 20 – Charles Ives, American composer (d. 1954) ·
October 26 – Martin Lowry, English chemist (d. 1936) ·
November 1 – Salima Machamba Sultan of
Mohéli (d. 1964) ·
November 13 – Henry Kolker, American stage, screen actor
(d. 1947) ·
November 14 – Johann Schober, 3rd Chancellor of Austria
(d. 1932) ·
November 15 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist,
recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1949) ·
November 27 – Chaim Weizmann, 1st President of Israel
(d. 1952) ·
November 29 – António Egas Moniz,
Portuguese physician and neurologist, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955) ·
Winston Churchill, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom, recipient of the Nobel Prize in
Literature (d. 1965) ·
Lucy Maud Montgomery,
Canadian author (d. 1942) ·
Friedrich Hasenöhrl,
Austrian physicist (d. 1915) ·
December 7 – James L. Kraft, Canadian-American
entrepreneur, inventor (d. 1953) ·
December 11 – Paul Wegener, German actor, film director,
and screenwriter; one of the pioneers of German Expressionism (d. 1948) ·
December 13 – Josef Lhévinne,
Russian pianist (d. 1944) ·
December 17 – William Lyon
Mackenzie King, 10th Prime Minister
of Canada (d. 1950) ·
December 22 – Franz Schmidt, Austrian composer (d. 1939) ·
December 26 – Khan Bahadur
Ahsanullah, Indian educationist, philosopher, philanthropist,
social reformer, Sufi thinker, scientist and spiritual person (d. 1965) ·
Thomas W. Benoist,
American aviator, aircraft designer and manufacturer, founder of the world's
first scheduled airline (d. 1917) ·
Cecil Hunter-Rodwell,
British colonial administrator (d. 1953) ·
Margaret G. Hays, turn-of-the-century
American female comics writer, artist (d. 1925) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 8 – Abbé Charles
Étienne Brasseur de Bourbourg, French writer, historian (b. 1814) ·
January 14 – Johann Philipp Reis,
German scientist, inventor (b. 1834) ·
January 17 – Chang and Eng Bunker, Siamese twins, sideshow performers (b. 1811) ·
January 19 – August
Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben, German poet (b. 1798) ·
February 3 – William Charles
Lunalilo, last monarch of the House of Kamehameha (b. 1835) ·
February 8 – David Friedrich
Strauss, German theologian (b. 1808) ·
February 24 – John Bachman, American Lutheran minister,
social activist and naturalist (b. 1790) ·
March 8 – Millard Fillmore, 13th President
of the United States (b. 1800) ·
March 10 – Moritz von Jacobi,
German engineer, physicist (b. 1801) ·
March 11 – Charles Sumner, American senator, civil
rights activist (b. 1811) ·
March 20 – Hans Christian
Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810) ·
April 13 – Etō Shimpei, Japanese statesman
(executed) (b. 1834) ·
April 20 – Alexander H. Bailey,
American politician (b. 1817) ·
June 20 – John Ruggles, American politician (b. 1789) ·
June 21 – Anders Jonas
Ångström, Swedish physicist (b. 1814) July–December[edit] ·
July 8 – Agnes Strickland, English popular historian
(b. 1796) ·
July 12 – Fritz Reuter, German novelist (b. 1810) ·
July 24 – Gijsbert Haan, Dutch-American religious
leader (b. 1801) ·
August 14 – Jonathan Clarkson
Gibbs, African-American minister, politician (b. 1821) ·
August 26 – Julie-Victoire
Daubié, French journalist (b. 1824) ·
August 27 – Ștefan Golescu,
8th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1809) ·
September 12 – François Guizot,
Prime Minister of France (b. 1787) ·
October 5 – Charles-Mathias
Simons, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (b. 1802) ·
October 6 – Samuel M. Kier, American oil magnate
(b. 1813) ·
October 23 – Abraham Geiger, German rabbi, a founder of European Reform Judaism (b. 1810) ·
October 28 – William Henry
Rinehart, American sculptor (b. 1825) ·
November 18 – Sir Henry Prescott, British admiral and
colonial administrator (b. 1783) ·
November 29 – Ioan Manu, Russian politician (b. 1803) ·
December 7 – Constantin von
Tischendorf, German Biblical scholar (b. 1815) ·
December 22 – Johann Peter Pixis,
German pianist, composer (b. 1788) References[edit] 1.
^ Geni: Kmdt. Gert Andries Jacobus Alberts, b1c5d3e1 (Accessed
on 17 April 2017) 2.
^ Standard Catalog of World Paper Money General Issues,
1368 - 1960. 2008. p. 1088. ISSN 1538-2001. 3.
^ "Chief Justice Edward Douglass White", by
William H. Forman, Jr., in ABA Journal(March 1970) p261 4.
^ Frances H. Kennedy, American Indian Places: A
Historical Guidebook (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2008) p168 5.
^ "The Yomiuri Shimbun ： Corporate Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun". Corporate
Profile of The Yomiuri Shimbun (in Japanese). Retrieved 2017-07-23. 6.
^ “Attitude of the Easy Boss”. 7.
^ "Old House of Keys". Isle of
Man Guide. Retrieved 2012-08-11. |
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