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1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was
a leap year starting
on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1876th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
876th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 76th year of the 19th century,
and the 7th year of the 1870s decade. As of
the start of 1876, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
The Reichsbank opens in Berlin. ·
The Bass Brewery Red Triangle becomes the
world's first registered
trademark symbol.[1] ·
February 2 – The National League of Professional Base Ball Clubs is
formed at a meeting in Chicago; it replaces the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. Morgan Bulkeley of the Hartford Dark Blues is
selected as the league's first president. ·
February 2 – Third Carlist War –
Battle of Montejurra: The new commander General Fernando Primo
de Riveramarches on the remaining Carlist stronghold at Estella, where he meets a force of about
1,600 men under General Carlos Calderón, at nearby Montejurra. After a
courageous and costly defence, Calderón is forced to withdraw. ·
February 14 – Alexander Graham
Bell applies for a patent for the telephone, as does Elisha Gray. ·
February 19 – Third Carlist War:
Government troops under General Primo de Rivera drive through the weak
Carlist forces protecting Estella, and take the city by storm. ·
February 22 – Johns Hopkins
University is founded in Baltimore. ·
February 24 – The first stage
production of the verse-play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen premieres, with incidental
music by Edvard Grieg,
in Oslo (then called Christiania), Norway. ·
February 26 – The Japanese force the
Korean government to sign the Japan–Korea
Treaty of 1876 (having brought a fleet to Incheon, the port of modern-day Seoul), opening three ports to Japanese
trade and forcing Korea's Joseon dynasty to cease considering
itself a tributary of China. On China's urging, Korea also signs treaties
with the European powers, in an effort to counterbalance Japan. ·
February 28 – Third Carlist War:
The Carlist forces do not succeed, and the
promises are never fulfilled. The Carlistpretender Carlos, Duke of
Madrid, goes into exile in France, bringing the conflict to an end
after four years. ·
February–March – The Harvard Lampoon humor
magazine is founded in Cambridge,
Massachusetts. ·
Spring
– Thousands of Plains Indians in
the United States travel to an encampment of
the Sioux chief Sitting Bull in the region of the Little Bighorn River,
creating the last great gathering of native peoples on the Great Plains.[2] ·
March – American librarian Melvil Dewey first publishes the Dewey
Decimal Classification system.[3] ·
March 7 – Alexander Graham
Bell is granted a United States patent for the telephone.[4] ·
March 10 – Alexander Graham Bell makes
the first successful telephone call, saying "Mr. Watson, come here, I
want to see you". ·
March 20 – Through constitutional
reform taking legal effect, Louis De Geer becomes
the first Prime Minister
of Sweden. April–June[edit] ·
April 16 – The April Uprising in Bulgaria occurs. ·
April 17 – Friends Academy is founded by Gideon
Frost at Locust Valley,
New York. ·
May – April Uprising (Bulgaria): Batak massacre – Bulgarians in Batak
are massacred by Ottoman troops. The number of victims ranges from 3,000 to
5,000, depending on the source. ·
May 1 ·
The Royal Titles Act
1876 confers the title Empress of India upon Queen Victoria. ·
The Settle–Carlisle
Railway in England is opened to passenger traffic (it opened
to goods traffic in 1875). ·
May 10 – The Centennial
Exposition begins in Philadelphia. ·
May 11/12 – Berlin Memorandum:
Germany, Russia and Austria-Hungary propose an armistice
between Turkey and its insurgents. ·
May 16 – British Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli rejects
the Berlin Memorandum. ·
May 17 – Nikolaus Otto files his patent for the four-stroke cycle internal
combustion engine.[5] ·
May 18 – Wyatt Earp starts work in Dodge City, Kansas,
serving under Marshal Larry
Deger. ·
June 4 – The Transcontinental
Express arrives in San Francisco via the First
Transcontinental Railroad, 83 hours and 39 minutes after having
left New York City. ·
June 17 – American Indian Wars: Battle of the
Rosebud. 1,500 Sioux and Cheyenne, led by Crazy Horse, beat back General George Crook's forces at Rosebud Creek
in Montana Territory. ·
June 25/26 – American Indian Wars: Battle of
the Little Bighorn. 300 men of the U.S. 7th
Cavalry Regiment under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong
Custer are wiped out by 5,000 Lakota, Cheyenne and Arapaho, led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse. July – September[edit]
Punch cartoon from June 17. Russia preparing to let slip the
"Dogs of War", its imminent engagement in the growing Balkan conflict
between Slavic states and Turkey, while policeman John Bull (Britain) warns Russia to
take care. The Slavic states of Serbia and Montenegro would declare war on
Turkey two weeks later. ·
July 1 – Serbia declares war on
the Ottoman Empire. ·
July 2 – Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire. ·
July 8 – Reichstadt Agreement:
Russia and Austria-Hungary agree on partitioning the Balkan Peninsula. ·
July 13 – The prosecution of Arthur Tooth, an Anglican clergyman, for using ritualist practices
begins. ·
August 1 – Colorado is admitted as the 38th U.S. state. ·
August 8 – Thomas Edison receives a patent for
his mimeograph. ·
August 13 – Richard Wagner inaugurates the Bayreuth Festival. ·
August 31 – Murad V, Sultan of
the Ottoman Empire, is deposed and succeeded by his brother Abdul Hamid II. ·
September 5 – Gladstone publishes
his Bulgarian Horrors pamphlet. ·
September 7 – In Northfield,
Minnesota, Jesse James and
the James–Younger Gang attempt
to rob the town's bank, but are surrounded by an angry mob and nearly wiped
out. ·
September 10 – Benjamin Disraeli and Queen Victoria pass a law stating
that Labrador dogs are
no longer allowed in the city of London and its surrounding boroughs, due to
labourers becoming extremely distracted by their presence.[citation needed] ·
September 12 – King Leopold II of Belgium hosts
the Brussels
Geographic Conference, on the subject of colonizing and exploring
central Africa. By the event's conclusion, a new international body named
the International
African Association (indirect forerunner of the modern
Congo state) is established. October–December[edit] ·
October 4 – Texas A&M
University opens for classes. ·
October 6 – The American
Library Association is founded in Philadelphia. ·
October 31 – The great 1876 Bengal cyclone strikes
the coast of modern-day Bangladesh, killing 200,000. ·
November 1 – The British Colony of New
Zealand dissolves its 9 provinces,
and replaces them with 63 counties. ·
November 2 – A giant squid, 6.1 meters long, washes ashore
at Thimble Tickle Bay in Newfoundland. ·
November 4 – The long-awaited First Symphony of Johannes Brahms has its premičre
at Karlsruhe, under the baton of Otto Dessoff. ·
November 7 – U.S.
presidential election, 1876: After long and heated disputes, Rutherford B. Hayes is
eventually declared the winner over Samuel Jones Tilden.
A failed grave robbery of the Lincoln Tomb takes place on the same
night. ·
November 10 – The Centennial
Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ·
November 23 – Corrupt Tammany Hall leader William Marcy Tweed
(better known as Boss Tweed) is
delivered to authorities in New York City, after being captured in Spain. ·
November 25 – American Indian Wars: Dull Knife Fight – In retaliation for
the dramatic American defeat at the Battle of
the Little Bighorn, United States Army troops
under General Ranald S. Mackenzie sack Chief Dull Knife's sleeping Cheyenne village at the headwaters of
the Powder River (the
soldiers destroy all of the villagers' winter food and clothing, and then
slash their ponies' throats). ·
November 29 – Porfirio Díaz becomes President of
Mexico. ·
December
– The first American edition of Mark Twain's The
Adventures of Tom Sawyer is published by the American
Publishing Company; a British edition has appeared in early June
in London with the first review appearing on June 24 in a British magazine. ·
December 2 – Chugai Economic
Daily, as predecessor of Nikkei Economic Daily (Nihon Keizai Shinbun),
is first issued in Tokyo, Japan.[6] ·
December 5 – The Brooklyn Theatre
fire kills at least 278, possibly more than 300. ·
December 6 – The first cremation in the United States takes
place, in a crematory built by Francis Julius
LeMoyne at North Franklin Township, Washington County,
Pennsylvania. ·
December 23 – Constantinople
Conference opens. ·
December 29 – The Ashtabula
River railroad disaster occurs in Ohio when
a bridge collapses leaving 92 dead. Date unknown[edit] ·
The Northern
Chinese Famine of 1876–79, which will claim 30 million lives and
become the 5th
worst famine in recorded history, begins after the droughts of the
previous year. ·
Tanzimat ends in the Ottoman Empire. ·
Heinz Tomato Ketchup is
introduced. ·
Adolphus Busch's brewery, Anheuser-Busch in St. Louis, Missouri, first markets Budweiser, a pale lager, as a nationally sold beer. ·
Charles Wells opens
his brewery, based in Bedford, England. ·
In Düsseldorf, German company Henkel is founded. ·
Lyford
House, by Richardson Bay, Tiburon, California,
is constructed. ·
Construction
of Spandau Prison in
Berlin is completed. ·
Samurai are banned from carrying swords
in Japan, and their stipends are replaced by a
one-time grant of income-bearing bonds. ·
The Conchological Society of Great Britain & Ireland is
founded. ·
Lars Magnus Ericsson and
Carl Johan Andersson start a small mechanical workshop in Stockholm, Sweden, dealing with telegraphy equipment, which grows into
the worldwide company Ericsson. ·
Heinrich Schliemann begins
excavation at Mycenae. ·
Stockport
Lacrosse Club, thought to be the oldest existing lacrosse club in the world, is founded
at Cale Green Cricket Club in Davenport (they
still play there in the 21st century). Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
January 5 – Konrad Adenauer, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1967) ·
January 8 – Arturs Alberings, Prime Minister of Latvia
(d. 1934) ·
Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari,
Italian composer (d. 1948) ·
Jack London, American author (d. 1916) ·
January 20 – Józef Hofmann, Polish pianist (d. 1967) ·
January 22 – Bess Houdini, wife, stage partner of Harry Houdini (d. 1943) ·
January 23 – Otto Diels, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1954) ·
January 29 – Havergal Brian, British composer (d. 1972) ·
February 8 – Paula
Modersohn-Becker, German painter (d. 1907) ·
February 12 – Thubten
Gyatso, 13th Dalai Lama (d. 1933) ·
Mack Swain, American actor (d. 1935) ·
G. M. Trevelyan, British historian (d. 1962) ·
February 19 – Constantin
Brâncuși, Romanian sculptor (d. 1957) ·
March 1 – Henri de
Baillet-Latour, Belgian International Olympic Committee president
(d. 1942) ·
March 2 – Pope Pius XII (d. 1958) ·
March 3 – Georges Guillain, French neurologist
(d. 1961) ·
March 4 ·
Léon-Paul Fargue,
French poet (d. 1947) ·
Theodore Hardeen, Hungarian magician and
stunt performer, founder of the Magician's Guild (d. 1945) ·
March 10 – Ernst Tandefelt, Finnish nobleman, assassin
of Minister Ritavuori (d. 1948) ·
March 11 – Carl Ruggles, American composer (d. 1971) ·
March 15 – Óscar R. Benavides,
67th and 76th President of Peru (d. 1945) ·
March 21 – Walter Tewksbury, American athlete (d. 1968) ·
March 26 – Prince William
of Wied, sovereign Prince of Albania (d. 1945) ·
March 31 – Borisav
"Bora" Stanković, Serbian writer (d. 1927) April–June[edit] ·
April 1 – Peter Strasser, German naval officer,
airship commander (d. 1918) ·
April 3 – Margaret Anglin, Canadian stage actress
(d. 1958) ·
April 4 – Maurice de Vlaminck,
French painter, poet (d. 1958) ·
April 9 – Ettore Bastico, Italian field marshal
(d. 1972) ·
April 11 – Paul Henry,
Irish artist (d. 1958) ·
Torine Torines, Swedish mechanic (d. 1944) ·
April 14 – Sir Murray Bisset, South African cricketer,
Governor of Southern Rhodesia (d. 1931) ·
April 22 – Róbert Bárány,
Hungarian physician, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1936) ·
April 23 – Mary Ellicott Arnold,
American social activist, writer (d. 1968) ·
April 24 – Erich Raeder, German admiral (d. 1960) ·
May 10 ·
Ivan Cankar, Slovenian writer (d. 1918) ·
Shigeru Honjō, Japanese general
(d. 1945) ·
May 18 – Hermann
Müller, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1931) ·
May 27 – Sir William Stanier, English steam locomotive
engineer (London,
Midland and Scottish Railway) (d. 1965) ·
June 4 – Clara Blandick, American actress (d. 1962) ·
June 5 ·
Tony Jackson,
American jazz musician (d. 1920) ·
Isaac Heinemann, German-born Israeli
scholar, professor of classical literature (d. 1957) ·
June 13 – William Sealy Gosset,
English chemist (d. 1937) ·
June 19 – Sir Nigel Gresley, English steam locomotive
engineer (Flying
Scotsman & Mallard)
(d. 1941) ·
June 21 – Swami Kalyandev, Indian supercentenarian
(d. 2004) ·
June 22 – Madeleine Vionnet,
French fashion designer (d. 1975) July–September[edit]
·
July 2 – Wilhelm Cuno, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1933) ·
July 8 – Alexandros
Papanastasiou, 2-time Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1936) ·
July 12 ·
Max Jacob, French poet (d. 1944) ·
Alphaeus Philemon
Cole, American portrait painter, engraver, and etcher (d. 1988) ·
July 13 – Archduchess
Maria Annunciata of Austria (d. 1961) ·
July 16 ·
Victor van
Strydonck de Burkel, Belgian general (d. 1961) ·
Alfred Stock, German chemist (d. 1946) ·
July 19 ·
Ignaz Seipel, 4th Chancellor of Austria
(d. 1932) ·
Joseph Fielding
Smith, president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (d. 1972) ·
July 29 – Maria Ouspenskaya,
Russian actress, acting teacher (d. 1949) ·
August 7 – Mata Hari, Dutch exotic dancer, spy
(d. 1917) ·
August 15 – Stylianos Gonatas,
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1966) ·
Eric
Drummond, 16th Earl of Perth, British politician (d. 1951) ·
Henri Winkelman, Dutch general (d. 1952) ·
August 25 – Eglantyne Jebb, English co-founder of
the Save the Children
Fund, champion of children's human rights (d. 1928) ·
September 1 – Harriet Shaw Weaver,
English political activist (d. 1961) ·
September 5 – Wilhelm Ritter
von Leeb, German field marshal (d. 1956) ·
September 6 – John James Rickard
Macleod, Scottish-born physician and physiologist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1935) ·
September 7 – Francesco Buhagiar,
2nd Prime Minister of Malta (d. 1934) ·
September 13 – Sherwood Anderson,
American writer (d. 1941) ·
September 15 – Bruno Walter, German conductor (d. 1962) ·
September 16 – Marvin Hart, American boxer (d. 1931) ·
September 18 – James Scullin, 9th Prime Minister of
Australia (d. 1953) ·
September 22 – André Tardieu, 3-time Prime Minister of
France (d. 1945) ·
Moshe Zvi Segal, Israeli linguist, Talmudic
scholar, and Israel Prize recipient
(d. 1968) ·
Brudenell White, Australian general
(d. 1940) ·
Syed Ghulam Bhik Nairang,
Indian/Pakistani Muslim leader, poet (d. 1952) ·
Edith Abbott, American social worker,
educator, and author (d. 1957) ·
September 29 – Charlie Llewellyn,
first non-white South African Test cricketer (d. 1964) October–December[edit]
·
October 2 – Arnold Peter Mřller,
Danish shipping magnate (d. 1965) ·
October 7 – Louis Tancred, South African cricketer
(d. 1934) ·
October 13 – Rube Waddell, American baseball player
(d. 1914) ·
October 21 – Sir Fraser Russell, Governor of
Southern Rhodesia (d. 1952) ·
October 29 – Anton Boisen, American founder of the clinical
pastoral education movement (d. 1965) ·
Alfred S. Alschuler,
American architect (d. 1940) ·
William
Haywood, British architect (d. 1957) ·
November 3 – Rupert D'Oyly Carte,
English hotelier, theatre owner and impresario (d. 1948) ·
Adolf von
Brauchitsch, German general (d. 1935) ·
Culbert Olson, Governor of California
(d. 1962) ·
Charlie Townsend, English cricketer
(d. 1958) ·
November 17 – August Sander, German photographer (d. 1964) ·
November 23 – Manuel de Falla, Spanish composer (d. 1946) ·
November 24 – Walter Burley
Griffin, American architect (d. 1937) ·
December 9 – Berton Churchill, Canadian actor (d. 1940) ·
December 12 – Alvin Kraenzlein, American athlete (d. 1928) ·
December 20 – Walter Sydney Adams,
American astronomer (d. 1956) ·
December 21 – Jack
Lang, Australian politician (d. 1975) ·
Muhammad Ali Jinnah,
founder, first governor general of Pakistan (d. 1948) ·
Adolf Otto
Reinhold Windaus, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1959) ·
December 29 – Pablo Casals, Catalan cellist (d. 1973) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Alice Emma Ives, American playwright
(d. 1930) ·
Petro Trad, 5th President and 14th Prime
Minister of Lebanon (d. 1947) ·
Abd Allah Siraj, Prime Minister of Jordan
(d. 1949) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
General George Armstrong
Custer ·
January 10 – Gordon Granger, American General (b. 1822) ·
January 15 – Eliza McCardle
Johnson, First
Lady of the United States (b. 1810) ·
February 18 – Charlotte Cushman,
American actress (b. 1816) ·
February 24 – Joseph Jenkins
Roberts, 2-time President of Liberia (b. 1809) ·
March 29 – Karl Ferdinand Ranke,
German educator (b. 1806) ·
April 9 – Charles
Goodyear, American politician (b. 1804) ·
May 7 – William Buell
Sprague, American clergyman, author (b. 1795) ·
May 8 – Truganini, Tasmanian Aboriginal woman (b.
c. 1812) ·
May 24 – Henry Kingsley, English novelist (b. 1830) ·
May 26 – František Palacký,
Czech historian, politician (b. 1798) ·
June 4 – Abdülaziz, 32nd Sultan of
the Ottoman Empire (b. 1830) ·
June 6 – Auguste
Casimir-Perier, French diplomat (b. 1811) ·
June 7 – Josephine of
Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden and Norway (b. 1807) ·
June 8 – George Sand, French writer (b. 1804) ·
June 21 – Antonio López
de Santa Anna, President of Mexico (b. 1794) ·
June 25 – General George Armstrong
Custer, U.S. Army officer (in battle) (b. 1839) ·
June 27 – Harriet Martineau,
British social theorist, writer (b. 1802) July–December[edit]
·
July 1 – Mikhail Bakunin, Russian revolutionary,
anarchist (b. 1814) ·
August 2 – Wild Bill Hickok, American gunfighter,
entertainer (b. 1837) ·
September 5 – Manuel Blanco
Encalada, Spanish-Chilean admiral and politician, 1st President of
Chile (b. 1790) ·
September 27 – Braxton Bragg, Confederate Civil War general
(b. 1817) ·
October 1 – James Lick, American land baron (b. 1796) ·
November 16 – Karl Ernst von Baer,
Estonian-German scientist, explorer (b. 1792) ·
November 18 – Narcisse Virgilio
Díaz, French painter (b. 1807) ·
December 29 – Titus Salt, English woollen manufacturer,
philanthropist (b. 1803) ·
December 31 – Catherine Labouré,
French visionary, saint (b. 1806) Date Unknown[edit] Anna Volkova, Russian chemist (b. 1800) References[edit] 1.
^ "United Kingdom Intellectual Property Office". 2.
^ Powers, Thomas. "How the Battle of Little Bighorn Was Won". Smithsonian
Magazine. 3.
^ Dewey, Melvil (1876). A Classification and Subject Index for Cataloguing and
Arranging the Books and Pamphlets of a Library. OCLC 78870163.
Retrieved 2012-07-31. 4.
^ Patent #174,466. 5.
^ van Dulken, Stephen (2001). Inventing the 19th
Century. London: British Library.
pp. 104–5. ISBN 0-7123-0881-4. 6.
^ ja:日本経済新聞#沿革 (Japanese
language). Retrieved 2017-10-03. ·
Appleton's
Annual Cyclopedia ...for 1876 (1885) online edition, comprehensive world coverage |
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