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1879 (MDCCCLXXIX) was
a common year starting
on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar, the 1879th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 879th
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 79th year of the 19th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1870s decade. As of the start of 1879,
the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Further
reading and year books Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January – The current constitution
of the State of California in the United States is ratified. ·
January 1 – The Specie Resumption Act
takes effect. The United States Note is
valued the same as gold, for the first time
since the American Civil War. ·
January 11 – The Anglo-Zulu War begins. ·
January 22 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Isandlwana:
A force of 1,200 British soldiers is wiped out by over 20,000 Zulu warriors. ·
January 23 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Rorke's
Drift: Following the previous day's defeat, a smaller British
force of 140 successfully repels an attack by 4,000 Zulus. ·
February 8 – At a meeting of the Royal Canadian
Institute, engineer and inventor Sandford Fleming first proposes the
global adoption of standard time. ·
March 11 – The Ryukyu Domain is incorporated into
the Okinawa Prefecture of Japan, and the last ruler, Shō Tai, is exiled to Tokyo. ·
March 28 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Hlobane:
British forces suffer a defeat. ·
March 29 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Kambula:
British forces defeat 20,000 Zulus. April–June[edit] ·
April – Postman Ferdinand Cheval begins to build
his Palais Idéal at Hauterives in France. ·
April 5 – War of the Pacific:
Chile formally declares war on Bolivia and Peru.[1] ·
April 12 – Mary Baker Eddy founds the Church of
Christ, Scientist in Boston, Massachusetts. ·
April 26 – The National Park, later
renamed the Royal National Park,
is declared in New South Wales,
Australia, the world's second oldest purposed national park. ·
May 2 – The Spanish
Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español)
is founded clandestinely at the Casa Labra Tavern in Madrid, by printer Pablo Iglesias.[2] ·
May 10 – The Archaeological
Institute of America (AIA) is formed. ·
May 12 – English Catholic convert John Henry Newman is
elevated to Cardinal. ·
May 14 – The first group of 463 Indian indentured
labourers arrive in Fiji,
aboard the Leonidas. ·
May 26 – Russia and the United Kingdom
sign the Treaty of Gandamak,
establishing an Afghan state. ·
May 30 – New York City's Gilmore's
Garden is renamed Madison
Square Garden by William Henry
Vanderbilt, and is opened to the public at 26th Street and Madison
Avenue. ·
June 1 – Anglo-Zulu War: Napoléon,
Prince Imperial (Napoléon IV), great-nephew of Napoléon Bonaparte, Bonapartist pretender to the French
throne, is killed in Africa while attached to the British Army. ·
June 4 – Yasukuni Shrine is officially renamed,
from Tokyo Shokonsha Shrine in Japan.[3][4] ·
June 6 – William Denny
and Brothers launch the world's first ocean-going steamer to
be built of mild steel, the
SS Rotomahana, on the River Clyde in Scotland.[5]On October 2 they launch the first transatlantic steamer
of the same material, the SS Buenos Ayrean; on December 1 she makes her maiden voyage
out of Glasgow, bound for South America.[6] ·
June 14 – Sidney Faithorn
Green, a priest in the Church of England,
is tried and convicted for using Ritualist practices. ·
June 21 – German company Linde is founded by Carl von Linde. July–September[edit] ·
July 1 – American Christian
Restorationist Charles Taze Russell publishes
the first issue of the monthly Zion's Watch Tower and Herald of
Christ's Presence which, as The Watchtower, will become the most
widely circulated magazine in the world. ·
July 4 – Anglo-Zulu War – Battle of Ulundi: A British victory
effectively ends the war.[7] ·
July 8 – Led by George W. De Long,
the ill-fated United States Jeannette Expedition departs San Francisco,
in an attempt to reach the North Pole, by pioneering a route through
the Bering Strait. ·
August 16 – Fulham F.C. is founded in London as a
church soccer team. ·
August 21 – Claimed apparition to local
people at Knock, County Mayo, Ireland of
the Blessed Virgin Mary, Saint Joseph, Saint John the
Evangelist and Jesus Christ (as the Lamb of God). ·
September – Henry George self-publishes his major
work Progress and Poverty.[8] ·
September 8 – A fire in The Octagon, Dunedin (New
Zealand) claims 12 victims. ·
September 19 – The Blackpool
Illuminations are switched on for the first time. ·
September 25 – A fire in Deadwood, South
Dakota leaves 2,000 people homeless and 300 buildings
destroyed; total loss of property is estimated at $3 million. ·
September 29 – Meeker Massacre: Nathan Meeker and others are killed in
an uprising, at the White River Ute Indian reservation in Colorado. October–December[edit] October 22 – Using a filament of carbonized
thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical electric light bulb ·
October 7 – The Dual Alliance is
formed by Germany and Austria-Hungary. ·
October 8 – War of the Pacific –
Naval Battle of Angamos:
The Chilean Navy defeats Peruvian naval forces. ·
October 13 – The first female students
are admitted to study for degrees of Oxford University in
England, at the new Lady Margaret Hall and Somerville Hall,
and with the Society of
Oxford Home-Students.[7] ·
October 17 – Sunderland
Association Football Club is formed by a group of
schoolteachers, in Northeast England. ·
October 22 – Using a filament of carbonized thread, Thomas Edison tests the first practical
electric light bulb (it
lasts 13½ hours before burning out). ·
November – Land is acquired for Simmons
College of Kentucky, an historically
black school, established as a Baptist institution. ·
November – The Age of Michael begins,
according to French occultist Eliphas Levi, and Johannes Trithemius.[9] ·
November 4 – Thomas Edison applies for the patent
for his invention, the incandescent
light bulb (U.S. Patent 223,898 will be granted on January 27, 1880).[10] ·
November 10 – The Bell Telephone
Company and Western Union reach an agreement in the
United States, in which the former agrees to stay out of telegraphy, and the
latter to keep out of the telephone business.[11] ·
December 21 – Henrik Ibsen's controversial drama A Doll's House premières at
the Royal Danish Theatre in Copenhagen (having been first published
on December 4 in the city). ·
December 28 – Tay Bridge disaster:
The central part of the Tay Rail Bridge at Dundee, Scotland, collapses in a storm as a
train passes over it, killing 75.[7] ·
Thomas Edison demonstrates incandescent
lighting to the public for the first time, in Menlo Park, New
Jersey. ·
Gilbert and Sullivan's comic opera The Pirates of
Penzance opens at the Fifth Avenue Theatre in New York City (following a token
performance the day before for U.K. copyright reasons in Paignton, Devon).[12] Date unknown[edit] ·
Colonel Ahmed ‘Urabi forms the Egyptian
Nationalist Party. ·
The Hall effect is discovered by Dr. Edwin Hall. ·
The Stefan–Boltzmann law is
discovered by Jozef Stefan. ·
Wilhelm Wundt establishes the first
psychological research laboratory, at the University of
Leipzig. ·
Tetteh
Quarshie first brings cocoa beans to Ghana from Equatorial Guinea. ·
Gottlob Frege publishes Begriffsschrift, eine der arithmetischen
nachgebildete Formelsprache des reinen Denkens in Halle, a
significant text in the development of mathematical logic. Births[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 1 – E. M. Forster, English writer (d. 1970) ·
January 3 – Grace Coolidge, First
Lady of the United States (d. 1957) ·
January 10 – Bobby
Walker, Scottish footballer (d. 1930) ·
Ray Harroun, American race car driver
(d. 1968) ·
Calbraith Perry
Rodgers, American pioneer aviator, made first
transcontinental U.S. flight (d. 1912) ·
January 13 – Melvin Jones,
American founder of Lions Clubs
International (d. 1961) ·
January 20 – Ruth St. Denis, American dancer (d. 1968) ·
Betty Kuuskemaa, Estonian actress (d. 1966) ·
Francis Picabia, French painter, poet
(d. 1953) ·
February 6 – Magnús Guðmundsson,
3rd Prime Minister of Iceland (d. 1937) ·
February 13 – Sarojini Naidu, Indian independence activist
and poet (d. 1949) ·
J. N. Brønsted,
Danish chemist (d. 1947) ·
Norman Lindsay, Australian painter (d. 1969) ·
February 26 – Frank Bridge, English composer (d. 1941) ·
March 3 – József Klekl,
Slovene writer, journalist (d. 1936) ·
March 6 – William P. Cronan,
19th Naval Governor of
Guam (d. 1929) ·
March 8 – Otto Hahn, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1968) ·
March 14 – Albert Einstein, German-born
physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1955) ·
March 18 – Emma Carus, American opera singer (d. 1927) ·
March 26 – Othmar Ammann, Swiss-born engineer (d. 1965) ·
March 27 ·
Sándor Garbai, Prime Minister of Hungary
(d. 1947) ·
Edward Steichen, Luxembourgeois-born
painter, photographer (d. 1973) ·
March 30 – Coen de Koning, Dutch speed skater (d. 1954) April–June[edit] ·
April 9 – Thomas Meighan, American actor (d. 1936) ·
April 11 – Bernhard Schmidt, German-Estonian optician,
inventor (d. 1935) ·
April 16 – Gala Galaction, Romanian writer (d. 1961) ·
April 20 ·
Italo Gariboldi, Italian general (d. 1970) ·
Robert Wilson Lynd,
Irish essayist, writer (d. 1949) ·
Paul Poiret, French couturier (d. 1944) ·
April 21 – Kartini, Indonesian national heroine,
women's rights activist (d. 1904) ·
April 26 – Owen Willans
Richardson, British physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1959) ·
April 29 – Sir Thomas Beecham, English conductor (d. 1961) ·
May 6 – Bedřich Hrozný,
Czech orientalist, linguist (d. 1952) ·
May 10 – James Alexander
Allan, Australian poet (d. 1967) ·
May 11 – Ahmad Nami, Prince of the Ottoman Empire,
5th Prime Minister of
Syria and 2nd President of Syria (d. 1962) ·
May 12 ·
George Landenberger, United States Navy Captain and the 23rd Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1936) ·
Georgia Ann Robinson,
community worker, first African-American woman
to be appointed a Los Angeles police officer (d. 1961) ·
May 16 – Gustaf Aulén, Bishop of Strängnäs in the
Church of Sweden (d. 1977) ·
May 19 ·
Nancy
Astor, Viscountess Astor, American-born British politician, wife
of Waldorf
Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor (d. 1964) ·
Waldorf
Astor, 2nd Viscount Astor, British businessman, politician,
husband of Nancy
Astor, Viscountess Astor (d. 1952) ·
May 20 – Hans Meerwein, German chemist (d. 1965) ·
May 22 – Alla Nazimova, Russian-born American stage,
film actress (d. 1945) ·
May 23 – Dezső Lauber, Hungarian sportsman
(d. 1966) ·
May 25 ·
Max Aitken,
Lord Beaverbrook, Canadian-born statesman, newspaper publisher
(d. 1964) ·
Andrew Kennaway
Henderson, New Zealand illustrator, cartoonist, and pacifist (d.
1960) ·
May 27 – Lucile Watson, Canadian-born film, stage
actress (d. 1962) ·
May 28 – Milutin
Milanković, Serbian scientist (d. 1958) ·
June 3 ·
Raymond Pearl, American biologist (d. 1940) ·
Harry Fischbeck (French
Wikipedia), American cinematographer (d.1968) ·
June 7 ·
Knud Rasmussen, Danish polar explorer,
anthropologist (d. 1933) ·
Joan Voûte, Dutch astronomer (d. 1963) ·
June 10 – Rafael Erich, Prime Minister of Finland
(d. 1946) ·
June 13 ·
Charalambos
Tseroulis, Greek general (d. 1929) ·
Lois Weber, American film director,
screenwriter (d. 1939) July–September[edit] ·
July 1 ·
Léon Jouhaux, French labour leader,
recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1954) ·
Nicky Arnstein, American professional
gambler and con artist; married to Fanny Brice (d. 1965) ·
July 5 – Wanda Landowska, Polish harpsichordist, musicologist
(d. 1959) ·
July 9 ·
Karen Platou, Norwegian politician (d. 1950) ·
Ottorino Respighi,
Italian composer, musicologist and conductor (d. 1936) ·
July 10 – Charles P.
Snyder, American admiral (d. 1964) ·
July 15 – Joseph Campbell,
Irish poet, lyricist (d. 1944) ·
July 20 – Habib Miyan, Indian supercentenarian
(d. 2008) ·
July 22 – Janusz Korczak (pen-name of Henryk
Goldszmit), Polish-Jewish children's author, pediatrician and child
pedagogist (b. 1878 or 1879) (d. 1942) ·
July 28 – Lucy Burns, American women's rights
campaigner (d. 1966) ·
August 8 ·
Wesley Newcomb
Hohfeld, American jurist (d. 1918) ·
Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary
(d. 1919) ·
August 13 – John Ireland,
English composer and organist (d. 1962) ·
August 15 – Ethel Barrymore, American film and stage
actress (d. 1959) ·
August 21 – Claude Grahame-White,
British aviation pioneer (d. 1959) ·
August 23 – Yevgenia Bosch, Ukrainian politician
(d. 1925) ·
August 28 – Sydney Ayres, American silent film actor
(d. 1916) ·
August 30 – Fritzi Scheff, Viennese-born American
actress and singer (d. 1954) ·
Isidro Ayora, 22nd President of Ecuador
(d. 1978) ·
Emperor Taishō,
123rd Emperor of Japan (d. 1926) ·
Max Schreck, German actor (d. 1936) ·
Adolf Strauss,
German general (d. 1973) ·
Joseph Wirth, Chancellor
of Germany (d. 1956) ·
September 13 – Tsutomu Sakuma, Japanese naval officer
(d. 1910) ·
September 14 – Margaret Sanger, American birth control
advocate (d. 1966) ·
September 15 – Joseph Lyons, 10th Prime
Minister of Australia, Premier of Tasmania (d. 1939) ·
September 20 – Victor Sjöström,
Swedish film actor, director (d. 1960) ·
Shinobu Ishihara, Japanese ophthalmologist
and professor (d. 1963) ·
Lope K. Santos, Filipino writer and
grammarian (d. 1963) ·
Hans Hahn,
Austrian mathematician (d. 1934) ·
Cyril Scott, English composer and writer
(d. 1970) October–December[edit] ·
October 2 – Wallace Stevens, American poet (d. 1955) ·
October 3 – Warner Oland, Swedish-born actor (d. 1938) ·
October 5 – Francis Peyton Rous,
American pathologist, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1970) ·
October 9 – Max von Laue, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1960) ·
October 15 – Jane Darwell, American actress (d. 1967) ·
October 18 – Giovanni Marinelli,
Italian Fascist political leader (d. 1944) ·
Joseph Canteloube,
French composer, singer (d. 1957) ·
Eugene Ely, American pioneer aviator
(d. 1911) ·
October 28 – Sydney Jacob, Indian-born British male
tennis player (d. 1977) ·
October 29 – Franz von Papen, German diplomat; served as
Chancellor (1932) and as Vice-Chancellor (1933–34; under Adolf Hitler)
(d. 1969) ·
November 1 – Pál Teleki, 2-time Prime Minister of Hungary
(d. 1941) ·
November 4 – Will Rogers, American humorist (d. 1935) ·
November 7 – Leon Trotsky, Russian revolutionary
(d. 1940) ·
November 9 – S. O. Davies, oldest post-war British MP
(d. 1972) ·
Vachel Lindsay, American poet (d. 1931) ·
Patrick Pearse, Irish rebel leader (d. 1916) ·
November 15 – Lewis Stone, American stage, film actor,
known for playing Judge Hardy (d. 1953) ·
November 26 – Charles W. Goddard,
American playwright, screenwriter (d. 1951) ·
December 4 – Nagai Kafu, Japanese writer (d. 1959) ·
December 5 – Clyde Cessna, American aviator, aircraft
designer, manufacturer (d. 1954) ·
Jouett Shouse, American politician (d. 1968) ·
Hanna Grönvall,
Swedish politician, trade union worker (d. 1953) ·
P. L. Robertson, Canadian inventor (d. 1951) ·
E. H. Shepard, English artist, book
illustrator (d. 1976) ·
December 12 – Laura Hope Crews, American film, stage
actress (d. 1942) ·
December 18 – Paul Klee, Swiss artist (d. 1940) ·
Ion G. Duca, 35th Prime Minister of Romania
(d. 1933) ·
Earle Ovington, American aviator, flew first
experimental airmail (d. 1936) ·
December 25 – Grace George, American stage actress
(d. 1961) ·
December 27 – Sydney Greenstreet,
British-born American film, stage actor (d. 1954) ·
December 28 – Billy Mitchell, U.S. general, military
aviation pioneer (d. 1936) ·
December 29 – Florence Mary Taylor,
Australia's first female architect (d. 1969) ·
December 30 – Ramana Maharshi, Indian sage, jivanmukta (d. 1950) Date unknown[edit] ·
Abdallah Beyhum, 10th Prime Minister of
Lebanon (d. 1962) ·
Etelka Freund, Hungarian pianist (d. 1977) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] ·
January 8 – Baldomero
Espartero, Spanish general, regent and Prime Minister (b. 1793) ·
January 24 – Heinrich Geißler,
German physicist (b. 1814) ·
February 11 – Honoré Daumier,
French caricaturist, painter (b. 1808) ·
February 23 – Albrecht Graf von
Roon, Prime Minister of Prussia (b. 1803) ·
February 25 – Charles Peace, British criminal (executed)
(b. 1832) ·
February 28 – Hortense Allart, French writer (b. 1801) ·
March 1 – Joachim Heer, Swiss politician (b. 1825) ·
March 2 – John Eberhard Faber,
German-born American pencil manufacturer (b. 1822) ·
March 10 – Prince
Paul of Thurn and Taxis, German prince (b. 1843) ·
March 22 – Sir John Woodford,
British army general and archaeologist (b. 1785) ·
March 27 ·
Hércules Florence,
Brazilian photographer (b. 1804) ·
Prince
Waldemar of Prussia (b. 1868) ·
March 30 – Thomas Couture, French painter, teacher
(b. 1815) ·
April 16 – Bernadette Soubirous,
French saint (b. 1844) ·
April 23 – Elisabetta
Fiorini Mazzanti, Italian botanist (b. 1799) ·
April 30 – Sarah Josepha Hale,
American author (b. 1788) ·
May 5 – Félix Charles Douay,
French general (b. 1816) ·
May 14 ·
Epameinondas
Deligeorgis, Prime Minister of Greece (b. 1829) ·
Henry Sewell, 1st Premier of New
Zealand (b. 1807) ·
May 15 – Gottfried Semper, German architect (b. 1803) ·
June 1 ·
Napoléon,
Prince Imperial, son of French Emperor Napoleon III (b. 1856) ·
Louisa
Caroline Huggins Tuthill, American children's book author
(b. 1799) ·
June 3 – Frances Ridley
Havergal, English religious poet (b. 1836) ·
June 7 – William Tilbury Fox,
English dermatologist (b. 1836) ·
June 11 – William, Prince
of Orange, heir to Dutch throne (b. 1840) July–December[edit] ·
July 7 – Béla Wenckheim,
8th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1811) ·
July 17 – Maurycy Gottlieb, Ukrainian painter
(b. 1856) ·
July 19 – Louis Favre, French engineer (b. 1826) ·
August 11 – George Willison
Adams, Ohio abolitionist (b. 1799) ·
August 14 – Ivan Davidovich
Lazarev, Russian general (b. 1820) ·
August 30 – John Bell Hood, American Confederate general
(b. 1831) ·
September 17 – Eugène
Viollet-le-Duc, French architect (b. 1814) ·
September 26 – Sir William Rowan, British field marshal
(b. 1789) ·
September 30 – Francis Gillette, American politician
(b. 1807) ·
October 8 – Miguel Grau
Seminario, Peruvian Admiral during the War of the Pacific
(b. 1834) ·
October 25 – Nachum Kaplan, Lithuanian rabbi (b. 1811) ·
October 31 – Joseph Hooker, American general (b. 1814) ·
November 5 – James Clerk Maxwell,
Scottish physicist (b. 1831) ·
November 23 – Louisa
Susannah Cheves McCord, American political essayist (b. 1810) ·
December 2 – Ferdinand Lindheimer,
German-born botanist (b. 1801) ·
December 7 – Jón Sigurðsson,
campaigner for Icelandic independence (b. 1811) ·
December 24 – Anna Bochkoltz, German operatic soprano,
voice teacher and composer (b. 1815) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Chō Kōran, Japanese poet, painter
(b. 1804) References[edit] 1.
^ Kohn, George C., ed. (2006). "Pacific, War of
the". Dictionary of Wars. Infobase Publishing. p. 389. 2.
^ "El Partido Socialista se fundó en 1879".
PSOE. Retrieved 2013-02-08. 3.
^ ja:靖国神社#歴史(Japanese
language) Retrieved January 7, 2017 4.
^ ja:招魂社(Japanese
language) Retrieved January 7, 2017 5.
^ "SS Rotomahana". Clydebuilt.
Retrieved 2014-04-14. 6.
^ "S/S Buenos Ayrean, Allan Line". Norway
Heritage. Retrieved 2016-03-11. 7.
^ Jump up to:a b c Palmer,
Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London:
Century Ltd. pp. 303–04. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2. 8.
^ Commercially published in 1880 by D. Appleton
& Company, New York. 9.
^ Steiner, Rudolf (1994) [1917]. Bamford, Christopher,
ed. The Archangel Michael. Hudson, New York: Anthroposophic Press. ISBN 0-88010-378-7. 10.
^ Usher, Abbott Payson (1954). A History of
Mechanical Inventions. Courier Dover Publications. p. 402. 11.
^ Schwarzlose, Richard A. (1990). The Nation's
Newsbrokers: The Rush to Institution: From 1865 to 1920. Northwestern
University Press. p. 84. 12.
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin
Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0. Further reading and year books[edit] ·
Appletons'
annual cyclopædia and register of important events of the year 1879 online |
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