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1880 (MDCCCLXXX) was
a leap year starting
on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1880th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
880th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 80th year of the 19th century,
and the 1st year of the 1880s decade. As of
the start of 1880, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Further
reading and year books Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 22 – Toowong State School is
founded in Queensland,
Australia. ·
February – The journal Science is
first published in the United States, with financial backing from Thomas Edison. ·
The
first electric streetlight is
installed in Wabash, Indiana. ·
The
first successful shipment of frozen mutton from Australia arrives in
London, aboard the SS Strathleven. ·
The Black Donnelly Massacre takes the lives
of five members of one family in Biddulph
Township, Middlesex
County, Ontario, Canada. ·
The SS Columbia,
which will be the first outside usage of Thomas Edison's incandescent
light bulb, is launched at the Delaware River Iron Ship Building and Engine Works of John Roach &
Sons, in Chester,
Pennsylvania. ·
March 31 – Wabash, Indiana becomes the first
electrically lit city in the world. April–June[edit] ·
April – The government of Cape Colony sets a deadline for the
Basuto people to surrender their weapons; non-compliance leads to the Basuto Gun War. ·
April 18 – United
Kingdom general election, 1880: William Ewart
Gladstone defeats Benjamin Disraeli,
to become Prime
Minister for the second time.[1] ·
April 19 – The Prime Minister of Sweden, Louis De Geer,
resigns over the defeat of a defense reform bill in the country's Riksdag; he is succeeded by Count Arvid Posse (1880–1883). ·
April 27 – The Royal
University of Ireland is founded by charter, allowing
the Catholic
University of Ireland to re-form as University
College Dublin. ·
May 2 – After having her lights
installed by Edison's personnel, the SS Columbia is
lit up for the first time at the foot of Wall Street, in New York City. ·
May 13 – In Menlo Park, New
Jersey, Thomas Edison performs
the first test of his electric railway. ·
June –
The SS Columbia sets
off on her maiden voyage around Cape Horn to Portland, Oregon, carrying 13 locomotives
and 200 railcars. ·
June 1 – Tinius Olsen is awarded a United States
Patent, for the Little Giant Testing Machine. ·
June 28 – Australian police capture bank
robber Ned Kelly, after a
gun battle at Glenrowan, Victoria. ·
June 29 – France annexes Tahiti. July–September[edit] ·
July 14 – Dorchester
Penitentiary opens in Canada. ·
July 22 – Abdur Rahman Khan becomes Emir of Afghanistan. ·
July 27 – Second
Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Maiwand:
Afghan troops under Ayub Khan defeat British and Indian forces, under
Brigadier General George Burrows. ·
August 14 – Cologne Cathedral is
completed, after construction began in 1248,
632 years earlier. ·
August 24 – The SS Columbia completes
her maiden voyage, arriving without incident in Portland, Oregon, after a stopover in San Francisco. ·
August 26 – Competing circus
owners P. T. Barnum and James A. Bailey sign
a contract in Bridgeport,
Connecticut to create the Barnum &
Bailey Circus. In 1907, the circus will merge forces with another
competitor, the Ringling
Brothers Circus.[2] ·
September 1 – Second
Anglo-Afghan War – Battle of Kandahar: General
Frederick Roberts, commanding British forces, defeats the Afghan
troops of Mohammad
Ayub Khan, bringing an end to the war.[3] October–December[edit] ·
October – The Blizzard of 1880 begins in North
America. ·
October 1 – German company Munich Re is founded in Munich. ·
October 6 – The University
of Southern California opens its doors to 53 students and 10
faculty. ·
October 15 – Mexican soldiers
kill Victorio, one of the greatest Apache military strategists. ·
October 28 – The first stone is laid
for the Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech, England. ·
November 2 – U.S.
presidential election, 1880: James Garfield defeats Winfield S. Hancock. ·
November 4 – The first cash register is patented by James and John Ritty of Dayton, Ohio. ·
November 9 – A major earthquake strikes Zagreb and destroys many buildings,
including Zagreb Cathedral. ·
November 11 – Australian bushranger and
bank robber Ned Kelly is
hanged in Melbourne. ·
November 22 – Vaudeville actress Lillian Russell makes her debut
at Tony Pastor's
Theatre, in New York City. ·
December 20 – First Boer War: The Battle of
Bronkhorstspruit results in a Boer victory over the British. ·
December 30 – The Transvaal becomes
a republic, and Paul Kruger becomes
its first president. Date unknown[edit] ·
Pierre
Savorgnan de Brazza signs a treaty of protection with the
chief of the large Teke tribe,
and begins to establish a French protectorate on the north bank of
the Congo River. ·
Piezoelectricity is discovered by Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie. ·
The Capuchin
catacombs of Palermo are officially closed (there will be
some burials afterwards). ·
The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction,
of the Woman's
Christian Temperance Union, is established in the United States. Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
January 1 – Vajiravudh, Rama VI, King of Siam (d. 1925) ·
January 2 – Louis Charles
Breguet, French aircraft designer, builder and early aviation pioneer
(d. 1955) ·
January 3 – Father Francis Browne, Irish Jesuit priest, famous
for his last photos of the RMS Titanic (d. 1960) ·
January 6 – Tom Mix, American actor (d. 1940) ·
January 10 – Manuel Azańa, 2nd President of the Spanish
Second Republic, 55th Prime Minister of Spain (d. 1940) ·
January 11 – Rudolph Palm, Curaçao-born composer
(d. 1950) ·
January 17 – Mack Sennett, Canadian director, producer
(d. 1960) ·
January 18 – Paul Ehrenfest, Austrian-Dutch physicist
(d. 1933) ·
Sylvia Ashton, American actress (d. 1940) ·
Douglas MacArthur,
American general (d. 1964) ·
Herbert Strudwick,
English cricketer (d. 1970) ·
Dorothy Donnelly, American actress, lyricist
(d. 1928) ·
January 29 – W. C. Fields, American actor, comedian
(d. 1946) ·
February 5 – Gabriel Voisin, French aviation pioneer
(d. 1973) ·
February 8 – Franz Marc, German artist (d. 1916) ·
John L. Lewis, American labor union leader
(d. 1969) ·
George Preca, Maltese saint (d. 1962) ·
February 14 – Frederick J. Horne,
American four-star Admiral (d. 1959) ·
February 16 – Frank Burke,
American baseball player (d. 1946) ·
February 17 – Reginald Farrer, English botanist (d. 1920) ·
February 19 – Álvaro Obregón,
39th President of Mexico (d. 1928) ·
February 21 – Waldemar Bonsels, German writer (d. 1952) ·
February 22 – Frigyes Riesz, Hungarian mathematician
(d. 1956) ·
February 27 – Olivia Nordgren, Swedish politician
(d. 1969) ·
March 1 – Lytton Strachey, English writer, biographer
(d. 1932) ·
March 4 – Channing
Pollock, American playwright, critic (d. 1946) ·
March 10 – Broncho Billy
Anderson, American actor (d. 1971) ·
March 11 – Harry H. Laughlin,
American eugenicist (d. 1943) ·
March 15 – Montagu Love, English actor (d. 1943) ·
March 22 – Kuniaki Koiso, Prime Minister of
Japan (d. 1950) ·
March 23 – Heikki Ritavuori, Finnish Minister of the
Interior (d. 1922) ·
March 28 – Louis Wolheim, American character actor
(d. 1931) ·
March 30 – Seán O'Casey, Irish writer (d. 1964) April–June[edit]
·
April 13 – Charles Christie, Canadian-born film studio
owner (d. 1955) ·
April 15 – Max Wertheimer, Austrian-born psychologist,
father of Gestalt Theory (d. 1943) ·
April 18 – Sam Crawford, American Baseball
Hall of Famer (d. 1968) ·
April 30 – Charles
Exeter Devereux Crombie, Scottish-born cartoonist (d. 1967) ·
May 6 ·
Ernst Ludwig
Kirchner, German painter (d. 1938) ·
William J. Simmons,
American founder of the second Ku Klux Klan (d. 1945) ·
May 14 – B. C. Forbes, Scottish-born financial
publisher (d. 1954) ·
May 21 – Tudor Arghezi, Romanian writer (d. 1967) ·
May 25 ·
Jean Alexandre Barré,
French neurologist (d. 1967) ·
Alf Common, English footballer (d. 1946) ·
May 29 – Oswald Spengler, German philosopher
(d. 1936) ·
June 6 – W. T. Cosgrave, Irish politician (d. 1965) ·
June 9 – William S. Pye, American admiral (d. 1959) ·
June 17 – Carl Van Vechten, American writer,
photographer (d. 1964) ·
June 21 – Josiah Stamp, 1st Baron Stamp, British civil
servant, industrialist and economist (d. 1941) ·
June 24 – Joăo Cândido
Felisberto, Brazilian sailor (d. 1969) ·
June 26 – Mitchell Lewis, American actor (d. 1956) ·
June 27 – Helen Keller, American spokeswoman for the
deaf and blind (d. 1968) ·
June 29 – Ludwig Beck, German general, Chief of the
General Staff (d. 1944) ·
June 30 – Elisabeth Tamm, Swedish politician (d. 1958) July–September[edit]
Queen Wilhelmina
of the Netherlands ·
July 1 – Tuti Yusupova, Uzbekistani longevity
claimant (d. 2015) ·
July 3 – Carl Schuricht, German conductor (d. 1967) ·
July 5 – Jan Kubelík, Czech violinist (d. 1940) ·
July 8 – Antisa Khvichava, Georgian supercentenarian
(d. 2012) ·
July 11 – Friedrich Lahrs, German architect (d. 1964) ·
July 12 – Tod Browning, American motion picture
director, horror film pioneer (d. 1962) ·
July 15 – Alessandro Guidoni,
Italian air force general (d. 1928) ·
July 21 – Milan Rastislav
Štefánik, Slovak General, politician and astronomer (d. 1919) ·
July 24 ·
Ernest Bloch, Swiss-born composer (d. 1959) ·
Kristian Hellström,
Swedish athlete (d. 1946) ·
July 26 ·
Volodymyr
Vynnychenko, 1st Prime Minister of Ukraine (d. 1951) ·
Jean Clemens, youngest of Mark Twain (d. 1909) ·
August 4 – Werner von Fritsch,
German general (d. 1939) ·
August 6 – Hans Moser,
Austrian actor (d. 1964) ·
August 8 – Earle Page, 11th Prime
Minister of Australia (d. 1961) ·
August 10 – Robert L. Thornton,
American businessman, philanthropist and mayor of Dallas, Texas (d. 1964) ·
August 12 – Christy Mathewson,
American baseball player (d.1925) ·
August 15 – Anna Rüling, German journalist, the first
known lesbian activist (d. 1953) ·
August 19 – Jean Patou, French fashion designer
(d. 1936) ·
August 22 – George Herriman, American cartoonist
(d. 1944) ·
August 23 – Wyndham Standing, English stage, film actor
(d. 1963) ·
August 26 – Guillaume
Apollinaire, French poet (d. 1918) ·
August 29 – Marie-Louise
Meilleur, longest-lived Canadian (verified) ever (d. 1998) ·
August 30 – Nikolai Astrup, Norwegian painter (d. 1928) ·
August 31 – Queen Wilhelmina
of the Netherlands (d. 1962) ·
September 12 – H. L. Mencken, American journalist (d. 1956) ·
Metropolitan
Benjamin (Fedchenkov), Eastern Orthodox missionary and writer, Exarch of the Russian Church in
North America (d. 1961) ·
Archie Hahn, American athlete (d. 1955) ·
September 15 – Chujiro Hayashi, Japanese Reiki master (d. 1940) ·
September 16 – Alfred Noyes, English poet (d. 1958) ·
September 20 – Ugo Cavallero, Italian field marshal
(d. 1943) ·
September 22 – Christabel Pankhurst,
English suffragette (d. 1958) ·
September 23 – John Boyd Orr, Scottish physician and
biologist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1971) ·
September 24 – Sarah Knauss, American supercentenarian
verified as longest-lived American ever (d. 1999) ·
September 27 – Pier Ruggero Piccio,
Italian World War I fighter ace, air force general (d. 1965) ·
September 29 – Liberato Pinto, 78th Prime Minister of
Portugal (d. 1949) October–December[edit]
·
October 4 – Damon Runyon, American writer (d. 1946) ·
October 7 – Paul Hausser, German general (d. 1972) ·
October 12 – Marcel-Bruno Gensoul,
French admiral (d. 1973) ·
Hong Yi, born Li Shutong, Chinese Buddhist
artist, art teacher (d. 1942) ·
Una O'Connor,
Irish actress (d. 1959) ·
October 24 – Antonina De Angelis,
Italian Roman Catholic religious
professed and blessed (d. 1962) ·
Grantland Rice, American sportswriter
(d. 1954) ·
Alfred Wegener, German scientist,
meteorologist (d. 1930) ·
November 2 – John Foulds, English classical music
composer (d. 1939) ·
November 3 – Avra Theodoropoulou,
Greek suffragist (d. 1957) ·
November 5 – Richard Oswald, Austrian film director
(d. 1963) ·
November 6 – Robert Musil, Austrian novelist (d. 1942) ·
November 9 – Giles Gilbert Scott,
British architect (d. 1960) ·
November 10 – Jacob Epstein, American-born sculptor
(d. 1959) ·
November 12 – Harold Rainsford
Stark, American admiral (d. 1972) ·
November 18 – Naum Torbov, Bulgarian architect (d. 1952) ·
John Flynn,
Australian medical services pioneer (d. 1951) ·
Elsie J. Oxenham, born Elsie J. Dunkerley,
English children's novelist (d. 1960) ·
November 29 – Sara Allgood, Irish-American actress
(d. 1950) ·
December 1 – Joseph Trumpeldor,
Russian Zionist (d. 1920) ·
December 3 – Fedor von Bock, German field marshal
(d. 1945) ·
December 4 – Garfield Wood, American motorboat racer
(d. 1971) ·
December 10 – Jessie Aspinall, Australian doctor, first
female junior medical resident at the Royal Prince
Alfred Hospital (d. 1953) ·
December 11 – Frank Tarrant, Australian cricketer
(d. 1951) ·
December 24 – Johnny Gruelle, American cartoonist,
children's book author (d. 1938) ·
December 31 – George Marshall, United
States Secretary of State, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1959) Date unknown[edit] ·
Tringe Smajli, Albanian guerrilla fighter,
sworn virgin (d. 1917) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
Anselm Feuerbach, German painter (b. 1829) ·
Marthe Camille Bachasson, Count of Montalivet, French
statesman (b. 1801) ·
January 8 – Joshua A. Norton, self-anointed Emperor
Norton I of the United States of America (b. 1811) ·
Ellen Lewis
Herndon Arthur, wife of Chester A. Arthur (b. 1837) ·
Ida, Countess
von Hahn-Hahn, German author (b. 1805) ·
January 14 – Frederick
VIII, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein (b. 1829) ·
January 20 – Captain Moonlite, Australian bushranger
(hanged) (b. 1842) ·
January 31 – Adolphe
Granier de Cassagnac, French politician (b. 1806) ·
February 18 – Nikolay Zinin, Russian organic chemist
(b. 1812) ·
February 29 – Sir James Milne Wilson,
Premier of Tasmania (b. 1812) ·
April 23 – Raden Saleh, Indonesian painter (b. 1807) ·
March 14 – Pagan Min, King of Ava (b. 1811) ·
March 31 – Henryk Wieniawski,
Polish composer (b. 1835) ·
May 2 ·
Eunice Hale Waite
Cobb, American public speaker (b. 1803) ·
Tom Wills, Australian cricketer, pioneer of
Australian rules football (b. 1835) ·
May 4 – Edward Clark,
Confederate Governor of Texas (b. 1815) ·
May 8 – Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (b. 1821) ·
May 20 ·
Károly
Alexy, Hungarian sculptor (b. 1816) ·
Ana Néri, Brazilian nurse (b. 1814) ·
June 8 – Maria
Alexandrovna (Marie of Hesse), Empress Consort of Czar Alexander II of
Russia (b. 1824) ·
June 28 – Texas Jack Omohundro,
American frontier scout, actor, and cowboy (b. 1846) July–December[edit]
·
July 7 – Lydia Maria Child,
American novelist, abolitionist (b. 1802) ·
July 17 – Tomasz
Chołodecki, Polish political activist (b. 1813) ·
July 21 – Hiram Walden, American politician (b. 1800) ·
August 9 – William Bigler, American politician
(b. 1814) ·
August 15 – Adelaide Neilson, English actress (b. 1848) ·
August 16 – Herschel
Vespasian Johnson, American politician (b. 1812) ·
August 17 – Ole Bull, Norwegian violinist (b. 1810) ·
August 24 – Chief Ouray, Native American leader (b.
c. 1833) ·
September 21 – Manuel Montt, 5th President of Chile
(b. 1809) ·
October 5 – Jacques Offenbach,
German-born French composer (b. 1819) ·
October 14 – Victorio, Chiricahua Apache chief (b.
c. 1825) ·
October 22 – Alphonse Pénaud,
French aviation pioneer (b. 1850) ·
October 23 – Bettino Ricasoli, Italian statesman
(b. 1809) ·
November 11 – Ned Kelly, Australian bush ranger (hanged) (b.
c. 1855) ·
November 23 – Sir Redmond Barry, Australian judge,
sentenced Ned Kelly to death (b. 1813) ·
November 28 – Aires de
Ornelas e Vasconcelos, (Portuguese) Archbishop of Goa (b. 1837) ·
November 30 – Jeanette Threlfall,
English hymnwriter (b. 1821) ·
December 7 – Maria Giuseppa
Rossello, Italian Roman Catholic religious sister and
blessed (b. 1811) ·
December 20 – Gaspar Tochman, Polish-American soldier
(b. 1797) ·
December 22 – George Eliot, English writer (b. 1819) Date Unknown[edit] ·
Manolache
Costache Epureanu, 2-time Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1823) References[edit] 1.
^ Johnson, Ben. "Prime Ministers of Britain".
Retrieved 2013-08-14. 2.
^ Harris, Neil (1981). Humbug: The Art of P. T.
Barnum. University of Chicago Press. p. 250. 3.
^ Hensman, Howard (2008). The Afghan War Of
1879-80. Lancer Publishers. p. 532. Further reading and year books[edit] ·
1880 Annual Cyclopedia (1881) highly detailed coverage
of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents;
Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture,
and Mechanical Industry" for year 1880; massive compilation of facts and
primary documents; worldwide coverage; 756 pp |
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