|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
1881 (MDCCCLXXXI) was
a common year starting
on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1881st year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 881st
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 81st year of the 19th century,
and the 2nd year of the 1880s decade. As of
the start of 1881, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 1–24 – Siege of Geok Tepe: Russian
troops under General Mikhail Skobelev defeat
the Turkomans. ·
January 13 – War of the Pacific – Battle
of San Juan and Chorrillos: The Chilean army defeats Peruivan forces. ·
January 15 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Miraflores:
The Chileans take Lima, capital of Peru, after defeating its second line of
defense in Miraflores. ·
January 24 – William Edward
Forster, chief secretary for Ireland, introduces his Coercion
Bill, which temporarily suspends habeas corpus so that those people
suspected of committing an offence can be detained without trial; it goes
through a long debate before it is accepted February 2. ·
January 25 – Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham
Bell form the Oriental
Telephone Company. ·
February 4 – Linnington
Manor burns to the ground; only William Linnington
remains unharmed. ·
February 13 – The first issue of the
feminist newspaper La Citoyenne is
published by Hubertine Auclert. ·
February 14 Pine City, Minnesota incorporated.[1] ·
February 16 – The Canadian Pacific
Railway is incorporated.[2] ·
February 18 – Carlos Finlay introduces his discovery
of the transmission of Yellow Fever by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, in the Fifth International
Sanitary Conference held in Washington D.C.. ·
February 19 – Kansas becomes the first U.S. state
to prohibit all alcoholic beverages. ·
February 25 – Phoenix, Arizona is incorporated. ·
March 1 – The Cunard Line's SS Servia, the first steel transatlantic liner,
is launched at Clydebank in
Scotland.[3] ·
March 4 – James A. Garfield is sworn
in, as the 20th President of the United States. ·
March 12 – Andrew
Watson makes his Scotland debut,
as the world's first black international football player. ·
March 13 – Alexander II of
Russia is killed near his palace, when a bomb is thrown at
him, an act falsely blamed upon Russian
Jews. He is succeeded by his son, Alexander III. ·
March 23 – The First Boer War comes to an end. ·
March 26 (March 14 Old Style) – The Principality of
Romania is proclaimed the Kingdom of Romania. April–June[edit] ·
April 11 – Spelman College is established in
Atlanta, Georgia. ·
April 14 – The Four
Dead in Five Seconds Gunfight erupts in El Paso, Texas. ·
April 15 – Temuco, Chile is founded. ·
April 15 – Anti-Semitic
pogroms in Southern Russia begin. ·
April 21 – The University of
Connecticut is founded as the Storrs Agricultural School. ·
April 25 – Caulfield
Grammar School is founded in Melbourne, Australia. ·
April 28 – Billy the Kid escapes from his 2
jailers at the Lincoln County Jail
in Mesilla, New Mexico, killing James Bell and Robert Ollinger, before stealing a horse and riding out of town. ·
May 12 – In North Africa, Tunisia becomes a French protectorate
by the Treaty of Bardo. ·
May 13 – The Pacific island of Rotuma cedes to Great Britain, becoming
a dependency of the Colony of Fiji. World's first regular electric tramservice started in Berlin ·
May 16 – The world's first regular
electric tram service is started in Berlin, by Siemens & Halske. ·
May 21 ·
The American Red Cross is
established by Clara Barton. ·
The United
States Tennis Association is established by a small group of
tennis club members; the first U.S. TennisChampionships are played this
year. ·
May 22 (May 10 Old Style) – Prince Karl of
Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is crowned
King of Romania. ·
June 12 – The USS Jeannette is
crushed in an Arctic Ocean ice pack. ·
June 18 – The League of
the Three Emperors is resurrected. ·
June 20 – The current Cincinnati Reds baseball team plays its
first game. ·
June 26 – War of the Pacific – Battle of Sangrar: Peruvian and Chilean forces battle to
a draw. July–September[edit] ·
July 1 – General Order 70, the
culmination of the Cardwell–Childers
reforms of the British Army's organization, comes into
effect. ·
July 2 – Assassination
of James A. Garfield: United States President James A. Garfield is
shot by lawyer Charles J. Guiteau in
Washington, D.C. The wound becomes infected, killing Garfield on September 19. ·
July 4 – Tuskegee Institute opens
in Alabama. ·
July 7 – The first episode of Carlo Collodi's The Adventures
of Pinocchio is published in Italy. ·
July 14 – Billy the Kid is shot and killed
by Pat Garrett,
outside Fort Sumner, New Mexico. ·
July 20 – American Indian Wars: Sioux chief Sitting Bull leads the last of his
people in surrender to United States troops at Fort Buford in Montana. ·
July 23 – The Boundary Treaty of 1881 between Chile and Argentina is
signed in Buenos Aires. ·
August 3 – The Pretoria Convention peace
treaty is signed, officially ending the war between the Boers and Britain. ·
August 27 – The fifth
hurricane of the Atlantic season hits Florida and the
Carolinas, killing about 700. ·
September 5 – The Thumb Fire in the U.S. state of Michigan destroys over a million acres
(4,000 km²) and kills 282 people. ·
September 12 – Francis Howell
High School (Howell Institute) in St. Charles,
Missouri, and Stephen F. Austin High Schoolin Austin, Texas open on the same day,
putting them in a tie for the title of the oldest public high school west
of the Mississippi River. ·
September 19 – President James A. Garfield dies
eleven weeks after being shot. Vice President Chester A. Arthurbecomes the
21st President of the United States. ·
September 20 – President Chester A.
Arthur is sworn
in. ·
September 26 – Godalming in England becomes the
first town to have its streets illuminated by electric light(hydroelectrically generated).[4] October–December[edit] ·
October 5–December 31 – The International
Cotton Exposition is held in Atlanta, Georgia. ·
October 10 – Richard D'Oyly Carte's Savoy Theatre opens in London, the
world's first public building to be fully lit by electricity, using Joseph Swan's incandescent
light bulbs.[3][5][6] The
stage is first lit electrically on December 28.[7] ·
October 13 – Determined to bring about
the revival of
the Hebrew language as a way of unifying Jews, Eliezer Ben-Yehuda has
what is believed to be the first conversation in Modern Hebrew, with friends living in Paris. ·
October 26 – The Gunfight at
the O.K. Corral occurs in Tombstone, Cochise County,
Arizona, USA. ·
October 29 – Judge (U.S. magazine) is first
published. ·
November
– The Newcastle United
F.C. is founded as the Stanley F.C., with a further name
change to Newcastle East End F.C. the following year. ·
November 3 – The Mapuche uprising of 1881 begins, with
an attack on Quillem, Chile. ·
November 9 – Brahms' Piano
Concerto No. 2 premieres in Budapest. ·
November 11 – The Clarkson Memorial in Wisbech is completed, and unveiled to
the public. ·
November 19 – A meteorite strikes the Earth near the
village of Großliebenthal, a few kilometers
southwest of Odessa, Ukraine. ·
December 8 – Ringtheaterbrand:
At least 380 die in a fire at the Vienna Ringtheater. ·
December 25–27 – The Warsaw pogrom is
carried out in Vistula Land, Russian Empire.[8] ·
December 28 – Virgil Earp is ambushed in Tombstone, Arizona,
and loses the use of his left arm. Date unknown[edit] ·
Kinshasa (the capital of the
modern-day Democratic
Republic of the Congo) is founded by Henry Morton Stanley,
as a trading outpost called Léopoldville. ·
On
the Isle of Man (an
internally self-governing dependent territory of the United Kingdom),
the House of Keys Election
Act extends the franchise for the national legislature, to spinsters and
widows owning real estate of a certain value. ·
Edward
Rudolf founds the Church of England Central
Society for Providing Homes for Waifs and Strays (modern-day The Children's
Society). ·
The Pali Text Society is
founded by British scholar Thomas William
Rhys Davids, for the study of Pali (Ceylonese) texts. ·
Some Vatican archives are
opened to scholars for the first time. ·
Abilene, Texas, is founded. ·
Minto, North Dakota,
is founded. ·
Rafaela, Argentina, is formed. ·
New
York City's oldest independent school for girls, the Convent
of the Sacred Heart New York (91st Street), is founded. ·
Culford School, a public
school in Suffolk, England, is
founded as the East Anglian School for Boys. ·
Leyton Orient F.C. is founded in London. Births[edit] January–March[edit] ·
Lascelles
Abercrombie, English poet, critic (d. 1938) ·
Giovanni Papini,
Italian essayist, poet and novelist (d. 1956) ·
January 13 – Essington Lewis, Australian industrialist
(d. 1961) ·
January 15 – John
Rodgers, American naval officer, naval aviation pioneer (d. 1926) ·
January 17 – Antoni Łomnicki, Polish mathematician (d. 1941) ·
January 21 – Arch McCarthy, American baseball player (d.
unknown) ·
January 23 – Luisa Casati,
Italian heiress, artistic muse and patron of the arts (d. 1957) ·
January 30 – Whitford Kane,
Irish born American actor (d. 1956) ·
January 31 – Irving Langmuir, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1957) ·
February 1 – Dimitrana Ivanova, Bulgarian reform pedagogue,
suffragist and women's rights activist (d. 1960) ·
February 2 – Gustav Herglotz,
German mathematician (d. 1953) ·
Eulalio Gutiérrez, President of Mexico (d. 1939) ·
Kliment Voroshilov, Russian military officer,
politician (d. 1969) ·
February 11 – Carlo Carrà,
Italian painter (d. 1966) ·
February 12 – Anna Pavlova, Russian ballerina (d. 1931) ·
February 13 – Eleanor Farjeon,
English children's writer, poet (d. 1965) ·
February 17 – Bess Streeter
Aldrich, American fiction writer (d. 1954) ·
February 21 – Kenneth J. Alford,
British soldier, composer (d. 1945) ·
February 27 – Sveinn Björnsson, 1st President of Iceland
(d. 1952) ·
February 28 – Otto Dowling, United States Navy Captain, 25th Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1946) ·
March 4 ·
Thomas
Sigismund Stribling, American novelist (d. 1965) ·
Richard C. Tolman,
American mathematical physicist (d. 1948) ·
March 9 – Ernest Bevin, British labour
leader, politician and statesman (d. 1951) ·
March 10 – Thomas
Quinlan, English operatic impresario (d. 1951) ·
March 13 – Louis Chauvin, American ragtime pianist
(d. 1908) ·
March 17 – Walter Rudolf Hess,
Swiss physiologist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1973) ·
March 20 – Fritz Pfleumer,
German-Austrian engineer, inventor (d. 1945) ·
March 22 – Hans Wilsdorf,
German-Swiss watchmaker, founder of Rolex (d. 1960) ·
March 23 ·
Roger Martin du Gard,
French writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1958) ·
Hermann Staudinger,
German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1965) ·
March 25 ·
Béla Bartók,
Hungarian composer (d. 1945) ·
Mary Webb, English novelist (d. 1927) ·
March 26 – Guccio Gucci,
Italian fashion designer, founder of Gucci (d. 1953) April–June[edit] ·
April 1 – Octavian Goga,
37th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1938) ·
April 3 – Alcide De Gasperi, Italian statesman,
politician (d. 1954) ·
April 12 – Rudolf Ramek, 5th
Chancellor of Austria (d. 1941) ·
April 14 – Husain Salaahuddin, Maldivian writer (d. 1948) ·
April 16 – E. F.
L. Wood, 1st Earl of Halifax, British politician (d. 1959) ·
April 27 – Móric Esterházy, 18th Prime Minister of
Hungary (d. 1960) ·
May 1 – Mary MacLane,
Canadian writer (d. 1929) ·
May 4 - Alexander Kerensky,
Russian politician (d. 1970) ·
May 13 – Lima Barreto, Brazilian writer (d.1922) ·
May 14 ·
G. Murray Hulbert,
American politician (d. 1950) ·
Maude Fulton, American playwright and
actress (d. 1950) ·
May 19 – official birthday of Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk, founder and first President of Turkey (d. 1938) ·
May 20 – Władysław Sikorski, Polish general, politician
(d. 1943) ·
May 26 – Adolfo de la Huerta,
38th President of Mexico (d. 1955) ·
May 30 – Georg von Küchler, German field marshal (d. 1968) ·
June 9 – Marion Leonard, American silent film actress
(d. 1956) ·
June 17 – Tommy Burns,
Canadian-born boxer (d. 1955) ·
June 26 – Ya'akov Cohen, Israeli poet (d. 1960) July–September[edit] ·
July 2 – Royal H. Weller, American politician
(d. 1929) ·
July 3 – Leon Errol, Comedic American actor (d. 1951) ·
July 4 – Ulysses S. Grant III,
American soldier, planner (d. 1968) ·
July 11 ·
Dirk Janssen, Dutch gymnast (d. 1986) ·
Louise Marion
Bosworth, American social scientist (d. 1982) ·
July 22 ·
Augusta Fox Bronner,
American psychologist, specialist in juvenile psychology (d. 1966) ·
Kenneth Whiting, United States Navy officer,
submarine and naval aviation pioneer (d. 1943) ·
July 27 – Hans Fischer, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1945) ·
July 28 – Günther Quandt, German industrialist, founder of the
industrial empire that in modern times includes BMW and Altana (d. 1954) ·
July 30 – Smedley Butler, United States Marine Corps
general (d. 1940) ·
August 3 – Nathan Post, 7th and 10th Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1938) ·
August 6 – Sir Alexander Fleming,
Scottish biomedical researcher, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1955)[9] ·
August 7 – François Darlan,
French admiral and 81st Prime Minister of France from 1941 to 1942 (d. 1942) ·
August 8 – Paul Ludwig
Ewald von Kleist, German field marshal (b. 1954) ·
August 12 – Cecil B. DeMille, American film director,
producer (d. 1959) ·
August 19 – George Enescu, Romanian composer (d. 1955) ·
August 20 – Edgar Guest, English poet (d. 1959) ·
Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic
politician (d. 1938) ·
Henry Maitland
Wilson, British field marshal (d. 1964) ·
Harry Hillman, American track athlete
(d. 1945) ·
Refik Saydam, 5th Prime
Minister of Turkey (d. 1942) ·
September 11 – Asta Nielsen,
Danish silent film star (d. 1972) ·
September 12 – Daniel Jones,
British phonetician (d. 1967) ·
September 15 – Ettore Bugatti, Italian car designer,
founder of Bugatti Automobiles (d. 1947) ·
September 16 – Clive Bell, English art critic (d. 1964) ·
Alfred
Francis Blakeney Carpenter, British admiral (d. 1955) ·
Aubrey Faulkner, South African cricketer
(d. 1930) ·
September 25 – Lu Xun, leading
figure of modern Chinese literature (d. 1936) ·
September 26 – Hiram Wesley Evans,
American Ku Klux Klan Imperial Wizard (d. 1966) ·
September 29 – Ludwig von Mises, Austrian economist
(d. 1973) October–December[edit] ·
October 1 – William Boeing, American engineer, airplane
manufacturer (d. 1956) ·
October 4 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (d. 1948) ·
October 11 – Hans Kelsen,
Austrian legal theorist (d. 1973) ·
William Temple,
English Archbishop of
Canterbury (d. 1944) ·
P. G. Wodehouse, English-born comic writer
(d. 1975) ·
October 22 – Clinton Davisson, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1958) ·
October 25 – Pablo Picasso, Spanish painter (d. 1973) ·
October 26 – Margaret Wycherly, English stage, film actress
(d. 1956) ·
October 28 – Vin Coutie,
Australian footballer (d. 1951) ·
November 4 – Gaby Deslys,
French dancer, actress (d. 1920) ·
November 5 – George A. Malcolm,
American lawyer, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines
and educator (d. 1961) ·
November 8 – Robert Esnault-Pelterie, French aircraft designer,
pioneer rocket theorist (d. 1957) ·
November 12 – Maximilian von Weichs, German field marshal (d. 1954) ·
November 14 – Nicholas Schenck, Russian-born film studio
executive (d. 1969) ·
November 15 – Franklin Pierce
Adams, American columnist, poet (d. 1960) ·
November 24 – Al Christie, Canadian-born director,
producer (d. 1951) ·
Jacob Fichman, Romanian-born Israeli poet,
essayist (d. 1958) ·
Pope John XXIII (b. Angelo Roncalli),
Italian pontiff (1958-1963) (d. 1963) ·
November 28 – Stefan Zweig, Austrian writer (d. 1942) ·
December 2 – Heinrich Barkhausen, German physicist (d. 1956) ·
December 5 – René Cresté,
French actor, director (d. 1922) ·
December 3 – Henry Fillmore, American composer,
bandleader (d. 1956) ·
December 12 – Doris Keane, American stage actress
(d. 1945) ·
December 16 – Henri Dentz,
French general (d. 1945) ·
December 24 – Juan Ramón Jiménez,
Spanish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1958) Deaths[edit] Modest Mussorgsky,
painted 2–5 March 1881, only a few days before the composer's death January–June[edit] ·
January 1 – Louis Auguste Blanqui, French socialist, political activist
(b. 1805) ·
January 3 – Anna McNeill
Whistler, James Whistler's mother, subject of his painting
(b. 1804) ·
January 21 – Wilhelm Matthias Naeff, member
of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1802) ·
January 24 – Frances Stackhouse
Acton, British botanist, archaeologist, writer and artist
(b. 1794) ·
February 5 – Thomas Carlyle, Scottish writer, historian
(b. 1795) ·
February 9 – Fyodor Dostoyevsky,
Russian novelist (b. 1821) ·
February 14 – Fernando Wood, New York City mayor (b. 1812) ·
February 23 – Robert F. R. Lewis,
American naval officer (b. 1826) ·
March 2 – Sir John Cracroft Wilson, British civil servant, and
politician in New Zealand (b. 1808) ·
March 13 – Emperor Alexander II of
Russia (assassinated) (b. 1818) ·
March 28 – Modest Mussorgsky,
Russian composer (b. 1839) ·
March 31 – Lucy Virginia French,
American blank verse poet (b. 1825) ·
April 19 – Benjamin Disraeli, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1804) ·
April 26 – Ludwig Freiherr von und zu
der Tann-Rathsamhausen, Bavarian general
(b. 1815) ·
April 27 – Ludwig von Benedek, Austrian general (b. 1804) ·
May 24 – Samuel Palmer, English artist (b. 1805) ·
May 25 – Giuseppe Maria Giulietti, Italian explorer (b. 1847) ·
June 6 – Henri Vieuxtemps,
Belgian composer (b. 1820) ·
June 28 – Jules Armand Dufaure, 3-time Prime Minister of France
(b. 1798) July – December[edit] ·
July 1 – Baron
Jules Dupotet de Sennevoy,
French writer (b. 1796) ·
July 14 – Billy the Kid, American gunslinger (b. 1859) ·
July 17 – Jim Bridger, American explorer and trapper
(b. 1804) ·
August 11 – Jane Digby, English adventurer (b. 1807) ·
August 15 – Alexandru G. Golescu, 11th Prime Minister of
Romania (b. 1819) ·
September 7 – Sidney Lanier, American writer (b. 1842) ·
September 8 – Prince
Frederick of the Netherlands, Dutch noble, general (b. 1797) ·
September 13 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general, inventor, politician from Rhode Island (b. 1824) ·
September 19 – James A. Garfield,
20th President
of the United States (b. 1831) ·
September 22 – Solomon L. Spink, U.S. Congressman from
Illinois (b. 1831) ·
October 3 – Orson Pratt, American religious leader
(b. 1811) ·
October 3 – Princess Sumiko, Japanese princess (b. 1829) ·
October 31 – George DeLong, American naval officer,
explorer (starvation) (b. 1844) ·
December 18 – George Edmund Street,
British architect (b. 1824) See also[edit] References[edit] 1.
^ http://genealogytrails.com/minn/pine/history_naming.html 2.
^ "An Act Respecting the Canadian Pacific
Railway" 3.
^ Jump up to:a b Williams,
Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld
& Nicolson. pp. 434–435. ISBN 0-304-35730-8. 4.
^ "Godalming Power
Station". Engineering Timelines. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
Retrieved 2010-07-06. 5.
^ "The Savoy Theatre". The Times. London. 1881-10-03. p. 7. 6.
^ Burgess, Michael (January 1975). "Richard D'Oyly Carte". The Savoyard: 7–11. 7.
^ "Savoy Theatre". The Times.
1881-12-29. p. 4. Retrieved 2012-01-30. 8.
^ Kelemen, Lawrence. "The History of Christmas". simpletoremember.com.
SimpleToRemember.com - Judaism Online. Retrieved 8 February 2016. 9.
^ "BBC - History - Alexander Fleming". bbc.co.uk.
Retrieved 3 January 2017. |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|