|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
An 1888 lithograph of the 1883 eruption
of Krakatoa. 1883 (MDCCCLXXXIII)
was a common year starting
on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar, the 1883rd year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini(AD) designations, the 883rd
year of the 2nd millennium,
the 83rd year of the 19th century,
and the 4th year of the 1880s decade. As of
the start of 1883, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Further
reading and year books Events[edit]
February 16: Ladies Home Journal begins
(photo 1906). January–March[edit] ·
January 4 – Life magazine is founded in Los
Angeles ·
January 10 – A fire at the Newhall
Hotel in Milwaukee kills
73 people. ·
January 16 – The Pendleton
Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States
civil service, is passed. ·
January 19 – The first electric
lighting system employing overhead wires begins service in Roselle, New Jersey;
it was installed by Thomas Edison. ·
February – The
Adventures of Pinocchio by Carlo Collodi is first published
complete in book form, in Italy. ·
February 16 – The Ladies' Home Journal is
published for the first time. ·
February 23 – Alabama becomes the first U.S. state to
enact an antitrust law. ·
February 28 – The first vaudeville theater is opened, in Boston, Massachusetts. ·
March 2 – The Hong Kong
Observatory is formed. ·
March 20 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial
Property is held. April–June[edit]
May 24: Brooklyn Bridgeis opened. ·
April 5 – Oxygen is liquefied for the very first
time. ·
April 28 – The first sevens tournament is played at Melrose RFC in Scotland.[1] ·
May 23 – Robert Louis
Stevenson's children's pirate adventure novel Treasure Island is first published
in book format, in London. ·
May 24 – Brooklyn Bridge is opened to traffic,
after 13 years of construction. ·
May 30 – In New York City, a rumor that
the Brooklyn Bridge is
going to collapse causes a stampede, which crushes 12 people. ·
June 3 – Sheikh Maktoum al Butthi takes
power in Dubai (the al-Maktoum family has ruled Dubai as an Emirate ever
since). ·
June 13 – Count Arvid Posse leaves office as Prime Minister of Sweden. He is succeeded by Carl Johan Thyselius,
the first non-aristocrat (Swedish ; "ofrälse") to serve
as Swedish head of government, and Prime Minister. ·
June 16 – Victoria Hall
disaster: A rush for treats results in 183 children being asphyxiated, in a concert hall in Sunderland,
England. ·
June 28 – In Milan, Italy the first central European
electricity power station is
inaugurated. ·
June 30 – Robert Louis
Stevenson's novel The Black Arrow first appears as a
serial in the British magazine Young Folks; A
Boys' and Girls' Paper of Instructive and Entertaining Literature as
by Captain George North. Stevenson completes writing it at the
end of the summer in France. July–September[edit] ·
July 3 – The SS Daphne disaster in Glasgow leaves 124 dead. ·
July 4 – The world's first rodeo is held in Pecos, Texas. ·
July 22 – Zulu King Cetshwayo barely escapes a rebel attack
with his life. ·
August ·
King William's
College is opened on the Isle of Man. ·
August 12 – The last quagga dies at the Artis Magistra zoo in Amsterdam. ·
August 21 – An F5 tornado strikes Rochester, Minnesota,
leading to the creation of the Mayo Clinic. ·
August 26–27 – The volcanic island of Krakatoa erupts
at 10:02 AM (local time); 163 villages are destroyed, 36,380 killed by
tsunami. ·
August 29 – Dunfermline
Carnegie Library, the first Carnegie library, is opened in Andrew Carnegie's hometown, Dunfermline, Scotland. ·
September 11 – Major Evelyn
Baring becomes Consul-General of Egypt
under British rule. ·
The Bombay
Natural History Society is founded in India. ·
The University
of Texas at Austin opens to students. ·
September 29 – A consortium of flour
mill operators in Minneapolis forms
the Minneapolis, Sault Ste. Marie and Atlantic Railway,
as a means to get their product to the Great Lakes ports, but avoid the high
tariffs of Chicago. October–December[edit] ·
October 1 – Sydney Boys High
School (the first boys' public school) is founded in Sydney,
Australia. ·
Amsterdam: The first International
Colonial and Export Exhibition closes, having had over 1
million visitors. ·
The Boys' Brigade (the first uniformed
youth organization in existence) is founded in Glasgow, Scotland. ·
The Orient Express train begins to run
through from Paris Gare de l'Est to Giurgiu in Romania, with onward ferry
and train connections to Istanbul (the
train has been running since June 5 as far as Vienna). ·
October 15 – The Supreme
Court of the United States declares part of the Civil Rights Act
of 1875 to be unconstitutional, allowing individuals and
corporations to discriminate based on race. ·
October 20 – Peru and Chile sign the Treaty of Ancón,
by which the Tarapacá province
is ceded to Chile, ending Peru's involvement in the War of the Pacific. ·
October 24 – Cardiff University,
Wales, opens (under the name of University College of South Wales and
Monmouthshire). ·
October 30 – Two Clan na Gael dynamite bombs explode in the London Underground,
injuring several people. The next day, Home Secretary Vernon
Harcourt drafts 300 policemen to guard the underground, and
introduces the Explosives Bill. ·
November 3 – The 14th Century AH begins
in the Islamic calendar on
the 1st of Muharram, 1201 AH. ·
November 3 – American Old West:
Self-described Black Bart the
Po-8 makes his last stagecoach robbery, but leaves a
handkerchief with a laundry mark that eventually leads to his capture. ·
November 14 – Chile's National Library
of Congress is founded. ·
November 18 – U.S. and Canadian
railroads institute 5 standard continental time zones, ending the confusion of
thousands of local times. ·
November 28 – Whitman College is chartered as a
4-year college in Walla Walla,
Washington. ·
December 5 – Bisbee Massacre: Five people are killed in
the robbery of a general store by bandits, in Bisbee, Arizona.[2] ·
December 16 - Tonkin Campaign: French forces capture
the Sơn Tây citadel. ·
December 21 - The Royal Canadian
Dragoons and The Royal Canadian
Regiment, the first Permanent Force cavalry and infantry regiments
of the Canadian Army, are formed. Date unknown[edit] ·
German bacteriologist Robert Koch discovers the cholera bacillus. ·
Antoni Gaudí begins to work on
the Sagrada Família Cathedral
in Barcelona (it will be consecrated in 2010). ·
Duncan, Arizona, is founded. ·
The
suburb of Ingleburn,
in Sydney, Australia, is established. ·
Construction
of Speicherstadt as
a free zone in
the Port of Hamburg begins. ·
During
construction of the Canadian Pacific
Railway in 1883, blasting and excavation reveal high
concentrations of nickel–copper ore at Murray Mine, on the edge of the Sudbury Basin, located near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. ·
Otto von Bismarck pushes
the first social security law through the Reichstag. ·
A depression starts
in Seattle, Washington, United States. ·
The British Parliament considers
a major bill to allow Indian judges to try Europeans in India. The British
community rises in protest, and defeats the measure. ·
The
Mexican government passes a law allowing real estate companies (controlled by
General Porfirio Díaz's
political associates) to survey public and "vacant" lands, and to
retain one third of the land they survey. ·
Bernard Kroger establishes the
first Kroger grocery store, in Cincinnati, Ohio. ·
The
first purebred Percheron (horse) stud book is created in France. ·
Founding
of: ·
Baltimore
Polytechnic Institute ·
The
Black Arabs F.C (now Bristol Rovers) Births[edit] January–February[edit]
·
Ichirō Hatoyama, Prime Minister of
Japan (d. 1959) ·
Alberto Gerchunoff,
Argentine writer (d. 1949) ·
January 3 – Clement Attlee, Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1967) ·
January 4 – Johanna Westerdijk,
Dutch plant pathologist (d. 1961) ·
January 5 – Döme Sztójay,
prime minister of Hungary (d. 1946) ·
January 6 – Kahlil Gibran, Lebanese poet, painter, and
novelist (d. 1931) ·
Florence Reed, American actress (d. 1967) ·
Hubert Latham, pioneer aviator of the pre-World War I era (d. 1912) ·
Francis X. Bushman,
American actor (d. 1966) ·
Aleksei
Nikolaevich Tolstoi, Russian writer (d. 1945) ·
January 16 – Hugh Oswald Short, British aviation pioneer and aircraft builder,
youngest of the Short Brothers (d. 1969) ·
January 19 – Waite Phillips, American businessman,
philanthropist (d. 1964) ·
Enoch L. Johnson, American political boss,
racketeer (d. 1968) ·
Bertram Ramsay, British admiral (d. 1945) ·
January 21 – Olav Aukrust, Norwegian poet (d. 1929) ·
January 30 – Eddie Collins,
American vaudeville-veteran comic (d. 1940) ·
February 8 – Joseph Alois
Schumpeter, Austrian economist (d. 1950) ·
February 9 – Fritz
August Breuhaus de Groot, German architect, interior designer and
designer (d. 1960) ·
February 15 – Sax Rohmer, English author (d. 1959) ·
February 16 – Elizabeth Craig,
British writer (d. 1980) ·
February 18 – Nikos Kazantzakis,
Greek writer (d. 1957) ·
Marguerite Clark, American silent film
actress (d. 1940) ·
Abe Attell, American boxer (d. 1970) ·
February 23 – Karl Jaspers, German philosopher (d. 1969) ·
February 28 – Gheorghe
Argeșanu, 40th Prime Minister of Romania (d. 1940) March–April[edit]
·
March 3 – Cyril Burt, British educational psychologist
(d. 1971) ·
March 4 ·
Julius Fromm, German businessman, inventor
known for the Condom machine (d. 1945) ·
Sam Langford, Canadian boxer (d. 1956) ·
Maude Fealy, American actress (d. 1971) ·
March 7 – Michael Somogyi, Hungarian-American
biochemist, professor (d. 1971) ·
March 19 ·
Norman Haworth, British chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1950) ·
Joseph Stilwell, American general (d. 1946) ·
March 24 – Dorothy Campbell, Scottish golfer (d. 1945) ·
March 27 – Dimitrios Semsis, Greek violinist (d. 1950) ·
April 1 ·
Laurette Taylor, American actress (d.1946) ·
Lon Chaney, Sr., American actor (d. 1930) ·
April 5 – Walter Huston, Canadian-born American actor
(d. 1950) ·
April 11 – Leonard Mudie, English actor (d. 1965) ·
April 12 – Dally Messenger, Australian rugby league
player (d. 1959) ·
April 15 – Stanley Bruce, 8th Prime
Minister of Australia (d. 1967) ·
April 25 – Semyon Budyonny, Cossack cavalryman, Marshal
of the Soviet Union (d. 1973) ·
April 27 – Hubert Harrison, African-American writer,
critic, and activist (d. 1927) ·
April 30 – Jaroslav Hašek,
Czech writer (d. 1923) May–June[edit]
·
May 1 – Tom Moore, Irish-American actor (d. 1955) ·
May 5 ·
Eleazar López
Contreras, 32nd President of
Venezuela (d. 1973) ·
Archibald
Wavell, 1st Earl Wavell, British field marshal (d. 1950) ·
May 9 – José Ortega y Gasset,
Spanish philosopher (d. 1955) ·
May 10 – Eugen Leviné, Communist leader of the Munich Soviet
Republic (d. 1919) ·
May 14 – Charlie Seeling, New Zealand-born rugby
player d. 1956) ·
May 16 ·
Celâl Bayar, Turkish politician, statesman,
3rd President of Turkey (d. 1986) ·
Solomone Ula Ata, Prime Minister of Tonga
(d. 1950) ·
May 18 ·
Walter Gropius, German architect (d. 1969) ·
Hasui Kawase, Japanese painter, printmaker
(d. 1957) ·
Eurico Gaspar Dutra,
Brazilian marshal, 16th President of Brazil (d. 1974) ·
May 23 ·
Douglas Fairbanks,
American actor (d. 1939) ·
Ferenc Talányi,
Slovene writer, partisan, and painter (d. 1959) ·
May 24 – Elsa Maxwell, American gossip columnist,
international party giver (d. 1963) ·
May 25 – Lesley J. McNair, American general (d. 1944) ·
May 26 – Mamie Smith, American vaudeville singer
(d. 1943) ·
May 27 – Jessie Arms Botke,
American artist (d. 1971) ·
May 28 – Vinayak Damodar
Savarkar, Indian pro-independence activist, Hindu nationalist
(d. 1966) ·
May 31 – Lauri Kristian
Relander, President of Finland (d. 1942) ·
June 5 – John Maynard Keynes,
English economist (d. 1946) ·
June 7 – Sylvanus G. Morley, American scholar, World
War I spy (d. 1948) ·
June 11 – Aubrey Fitch, American admiral (d. 1978) ·
June 18 – Mary Alden, American stage, screen actress
(d. 1946) ·
June 20 – Royal E. Ingersoll,
American admiral (d. 1976) ·
June 21 ·
Richard Remer, American athlete (d. 1973) ·
Lluís Companys,
President of Catalonia (d. 1940) ·
June 24 – Victor Francis Hess,
Austrian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1964) ·
June 28 – Pierre Laval, Prime Minister
of France (d. 1945) ·
June 29 – Lothrop Stoddard, American eugenicist, radical scientific racist
(d. 1950) July–August[edit]
·
July 1 ·
Arthur Borton, English soldier (d. 1933) ·
István Friedrich,
24th Prime Minister of Hungary (d. 1951) ·
July 3 – Franz Kafka, Austrian writer (d. 1924) ·
July 4 – Rube Goldberg, American cartoonist (d. 1970) ·
July 6 – Godfrey Huggins, Rhodesian politician,
physician (d. 1971) ·
July 7 – Toivo Kuula, Finnish composer (d. 1918) ·
July 10 – Johannes Blaskowitz,
German general (d. 1948) ·
July 16 – Charles Sheeler, American photographer,
artist (d. 1965) ·
July 19 ·
Max Fleischer, Austrian animator, film
producer (Betty Boop)
(d. 1972) ·
Beatrice
Forbes, Countess of Granard, American-born heiress (d. 1972) ·
July 20 ·
Catherine
Bramwell-Booth, English Salvation Army Officer (d. 1987) ·
Luiza Zavloschi, Romanian politician
(d. 1967) ·
July 23 – Stuart Paton, British screenwriter, film
director (d. 1944) ·
July 25 – Alfredo Casella, Italian composer (d. 1947) ·
July 26 – Edwin Balmer, American science fiction,
mystery writer (d. 1959) ·
July 28 – Angela Hitler, Austrian elder half-sister
of Adolf Hitler (d. 1949) ·
July 29 ·
Porfirio Barba-Jacob,
Colombian writer (d. 1942) ·
Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy
(d. 1945) ·
August 2 – Aurelio Mosquera, Ecuadorian politician,
25th President of Ecuador (d. 1939) ·
August 6 – Scott Nearing, American political activist,
economist, and simple living advocate (d. 1983) ·
August 9 – Chester Gillette, American murderer
(execution) (d. 1908) ·
Pauline Frederick,
American stage, screen actress (d. 1938) ·
Marion Lorne, American film, stage and
television actress (d. 1968) ·
August 15 – Ivan Meštrović,
Croatian sculptor and architect, (d. 1962) ·
Coco Chanel, French stylist (d. 1971) ·
Elsie Ferguson, American actress (d. 1961) ·
Leonid Kulik, Russian mineralogist (Tunguska event) (d. 1942) ·
José Mendes Cabeçadas,
9th President of Portugal and 94th Prime Minister of Portugal (d. 1965) ·
Axel Pehrsson-Bramstorp,
24th Prime Minister of Sweden (d. 1954) ·
Jesse Pennington, English footballer
(d. 1970) ·
Jonathan
Mayhew Wainwright IV, American general (d. 1953) ·
August 30 – Theo van Doesburg,
Dutch artist, painter, architect, and poet (d. 1931) September–October[edit]
·
September 2 – Rudolf Weigl, Polish biologist (d. 1957) ·
September 5 – Mel Sheppard, American Olympic athlete
(d. 1942) ·
September 13 – August Zaleski, former President of Poland (d. 1972) ·
September 14 – Gadicherla
Harisarvottama Rao, Indian journalist and independence activist
(d. 1960) ·
September 15 – Esteban Terradas
i Illa, Catalan mathematician, scientist, and engineer (d. 1950) ·
September 22 – Ferenc Oslay, Hungarian-Slovene historian, writer and irredenta
(d. 1932) ·
September 28 – Berta
Pīpiņa, Latvian politician (d. 1942) ·
October 2 – Karl von Terzaghi,
Austrian civil engineer and "father of soil mechanics" (d. 1963) ·
October 8 – Otto Heinrich
Warburg, German physician and physiologist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 1970) ·
October 15 – Robert L. Ghormley,
American admiral (d. 1958) ·
October 21 – D. S. Senanayake, 1st Prime Minister of Sri
Lanka (d. 1952) ·
October 26 – Paul Pilgrim, American athlete (d. 1958) ·
October 30 – Bob Jones, Sr., American evangelist, pioneer
religious broadcaster, and founder and first president of Bob Jones University (d. 1968) ·
October 31 – Anthony Wilding, New Zealand tennis player
(d. 1915) November–December[edit]
·
November 3 – Chaturbhuj Sahay, Samrth Guru and Spiritual
Reformer (d. 1957) ·
November 4 – Nikolaos Plastiras,
Greek general and politician (d. 1953) ·
November 8 – Arnold Bax, English composer (d. 1953) ·
November 9 – Edna May Oliver, stage and film character
actress (d. 1942) ·
November 11 – Ernest Ansermet, Swiss conductor (d. 1969) ·
November 14 – Ado Birk, 3rd Prime Minister of Estonia
(d. 1942) ·
November 18 – Carl Vinson, U.S. Congressman (d. 1981) ·
Harvey Spencer Lewis,
American occultist (b. 1939) ·
Merrill C. Meigs, American newspaper
publisher and aviation promoter (d. 1968) ·
Percy Marmont, British stage & screen
actor (d. 1977) ·
Diego Martínez
Barrio, Spanish politician, 2-time Prime Minister of
Spain (d. 1962) ·
December 3 – Anton Webern, Austrian composer (d. 1945) ·
Alexander Papagos,
Prime Minister of Greece (d. 1955) ·
Joseph Pilates, German physical culturist
and developer of Pilates (d. 1967) ·
December 10 – Giovanni Messe, Italian field marshal and
politician (d. 1968) ·
Cliff Sterrett, American cartoonist
(d. 1964) ·
Max Moody, Sr., American businessman and
founder of M. D. Moody
& Sons, Inc. (d. 1949) ·
December 13 – Belle da Costa
Greene, American librarian, bibliographer, and archivist (d. 1950) ·
December 14 – Morihei Ueshiba, Japanese martial artist and
founder of aikido (d. 1969) ·
David Powell,
Scottish-American stage and film actor (d. 1925) ·
Max Linder, French actor (d. 1925) ·
December 17 – Raimu, French actor (d. 1946) ·
Edgard Varèse, French composer (d. 1965) ·
Edna Goodrich, American actress (d. 1972) ·
December 25 – Hugo Bergmann, German and Israeli Jewish
philosopher (d. 1975) ·
December 26 – Maurice Utrillo, French artist and
illustrator (d. 1955) ·
December 28 – Lloyd Fredendall, American general (d. 1963) ·
December 29 – Forrest Taylor, American stage, film and
television actor (d. 1965) ·
December 31 – Leo Otis Colbert, American admiral and
engineer, third Director of the United
States Coast and Geodetic Survey (d. 1968) Date unknown[edit] ·
Lotte Herrlich, German photographer
(d. 1956) ·
Z. D. Mangoaela, South African folklorist
and writer (d. 1963) ·
Chen Xiefen, Chinese feminist and journalist
(d. 1923) ·
T. F. O'Rahilly, Irish academic (d. 1953) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 8 – Miska Magyarics, Slovene poet in Hungary (b. 1825) ·
Samuel Mudd, American doctor to John Wilkes Booth (b. 1833) ·
Elling Eielsen, Norwegian Lutheran leader
(b. 1804) ·
January 23 – Gustave Doré, French artist (b. 1832) ·
January 24 – Friedrich von Flotow,
German composer (b. 1812) ·
February 13 – Richard Wagner, German composer (b. 1813) ·
February 15 – Prince
Kachō Hiroatsu of Japan (b. 1875) ·
Napoléon Coste,
French guitarist and composer (b. 1806) ·
Vasudev Balwant
Phadke, Indian revolutionary (b. 1845) ·
March 4 – Alexander
Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of the Confederate States of America (b. 1812) ·
March 14 – Karl Marx, German communist philosopher
(b. 1818) ·
March 20 – Charles Lasègue,
French physician (b. 1816) ·
March 21 – Grigol Orbeliani, Georgian poet and soldier
(b. 1804) ·
March 28 – Napoleon
Bonaparte Buford, American general and railroad executive
(b. 1807) ·
April 4 – Peter Cooper, American industrialist,
inventor and philanthropist (b. 1791) ·
April 15 – Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin (b. 1823) ·
April 16 – Charles II,
Duke of Parma (b. 1799) ·
April 26 – Napoleon Orda, Belarusian composer and
artist (b. 1807) ·
April 30 – Édouard Manet, French painter (b. 1832) ·
May 24 – Keʻelikōlani,
princess of Hawaii (b. 1826) ·
May 26 – Abdelkader El
Djezairi, Algerian leader (b. 1808) ·
June 6 – Ciprian Porumbescu,
Romanian composer (b. 1853) ·
June 11 – Caroline Leigh
Gascoigne, English writer (b. 1813) ·
June 20 – John William Colenso,
Bishop of Natal (b. 1814) ·
June 26 – Edward Sabine, Irish astronomer (b. 1788) July–December[edit]
·
July 22 – Edward Ord, U.S. Army officer (b. 1818) ·
July 23 – Rose Massey, English actress (b. 1851?) ·
July 24 – Matthew Webb, First recorded person to swim
the English Channel without the use of artificial aids. (b. 1848) ·
July 27 – Montgomery Blair, American politician
(b. 1813) ·
July 28 – Carlo Pellion di
Persano, Italian admiral and politician (b. 1806) ·
August 24 – Henri, Count of
Chambord, pretender to the French throne (b. 1820) ·
September 3 – Ivan Turgenev, Russian writer (b. 1818) ·
September 10 – Otto Pius Hippius,
Baltic German architect (b. 1826) ·
September 16 – Junius Brutus
Booth, Jr., American actor and theatre manager (b. 1821) ·
October 5 – Joachim Barrande, French palaeontologist
(b. 1799) ·
October 14 – Sir Arthur
Elton, 7th Baronet, writer and Liberal Party politician (b. 1818) ·
October 20 – George
Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall (b. 1797) ·
October 22 – Thomas Mayne Reid,
Irish-American novelist (b. 1818) ·
Dayananda Saraswati,
Hindu religious leader (b. 1824) ·
Robert Volkmann, German composer (b. 1815) ·
November 19 – Carl Wilhelm Siemens,
German engineer (b. 1823) ·
December 13 – Victor de Laprade,
French poet and critic (b. 1812) ·
December 27 – Andrew A. Humphreys,
American general and civil engineer (b. 1810) Dates unknown[edit]
·
Margaret Agnes Bunn,
British actress, (b. 1799) ·
Mary S. B. Shindler,
American poet (b. 1810) References[edit] 1.
^ "History of melrose sevens".
Retrieved 2014-03-02. 2.
^ "Bisbee Massacre", in The Encyclopedia
of Lawmen, Outlaws, and Gunfighters, Leon Claire Metz, ed. (Infobase
Publishing, 2002) p25 Further reading and year books[edit] ·
1883 Annual Cyclopedia (1884) online; highly detailed
coverage of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public
Documents; Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science,
Agriculture, and Mechanical Industry" for 1883; massive compilation of
facts and primary documents; worldwide coverage. 897pp |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
.jpg)
