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1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV)
was a leap year starting on
Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a leap year
starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar, the 1884th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
884th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 84th year of the 19th century,
and the 5th year of the 1880s decade. As of
the start of 1884, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian
calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 5Further
reading and year books Events[edit] January–March[edit] ·
January 4 – The Fabian Society is founded in London. ·
January 5 – Gilbert and Sullivan's Princess Ida premičres at the Savoy Theatre, London. ·
January 18 – Dr. William Price attempts
to cremate his dead baby son, Iesu Grist, in Wales. Later tried and acquitted
on the grounds that cremation is not
contrary to English law, he is
thus able to carry out the ceremony (the first in the United Kingdom in
modern times) on March 14, setting a
legal precedent.[1] ·
February 1 – A New English
Dictionary on historical principles, part 1 (edited by James A. H.
Murray), the first fascicle of what will become The Oxford English
Dictionary, is published in England.[2] ·
February 5 – Derby County Football
Club is founded in England. ·
March 13 – The siege of Khartoum, Sudan begins (ends on January 26, 1885). April–June[edit] ·
April 20 – Pope Leo XIII publishes the encyclical Humanum genus, denouncing Freemasonry and certain liberal beliefs
which he considers to be associated with it. ·
April 22 ·
A
German protectorate is established over South-West Africa. ·
The Colchester
earthquake, England, the UK's most destructive, occurs. ·
May 1 – The eight-hour workday is first proclaimed
by the Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions in the United States.
This date, called May Day or Labour Day, becomes a holiday recognized
in almost every industrialized country. ·
May 16 ·
Angelo Moriondo of Turin is granted a patent for an espresso machine.[3] ·
Sweden's Finance Minister Robert Themptander becomes
his country's Prime Minister (1884–88). ·
June 4 (N.S.) (May 23 O.S.) – The future flag of Estonia is consecrated, as the
flag of the Estonian
Students' Society. ·
June 13 – LaMarcus Adna
Thompson opens the "Gravity Pleasure Switchback Railway"
at Coney Island, New
York City. ·
June 28 – The Norwegian
Association for Women's Rights is founded. July–September[edit]
August 5: Statue of Libertybegun ·
July 3 – The Dow
Jones Transportation Average, consisting of eleven
transportation-related companies (nine railroads and two non-rail companies,
Western Union and Pacific Mail), is created. The index is the oldest stock
index still in use. ·
July 5 – Germany takes possession of Togoland. ·
July 14 – German administration is
established in Cameroon. ·
July 23 – Today's Courier records
the first tennis tournaments held on the grounds of Shrubland Hall, Leamington Spa, England. ·
August 5 – The cornerstone for
the Statue of Liberty is
laid on Bedloe's Island,
in New York Harbor. ·
August 10 – An earthquake measuring 5.5 Mfa affects a very
large portion of the eastern United States. The shock has a maximum Mercalli
intensity of VII (Very strong). Chimneys are toppled
in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Property damage is
severe in Jamaica, Queens and Amityville, New York.[4] ·
August 22 – The Sino-French War (for control of Tonkin) breaks out (continues to April 1885). ·
August 23 – Sino-French War – Battle of Fuzhou: French Admiral Amédée Courbet's Far East Squadron virtually
destroys China's Fujian Fleet. ·
September 5 – Staten Island
Academy is founded. ·
September 15 – The invention of local anesthesia by Karl Koller is
made public, at a medical congress in Heidelberg, Germany. October–December[edit]
October 6: US Naval War College founded. ·
October 6 – The United States Naval War College is
established in Newport, Rhode
Island. ·
October 18 – The University of
Wales, Bangor (UK) is founded. ·
The International
Meridian Conference in Washington, D.C. fixes the Greenwich meridian as
the world's prime meridian. ·
Letitia Alice
Walkington becomes the first woman to receive a degree from
the Royal
University of Ireland. ·
November 1 – The Irish Gaelic
Athletic Association is founded in Thurles, Ireland. ·
November 2 – Timișoara, Romania is the first town in
Europe with streets illuminated by electric light. ·
November 4 – United
States presidential election, 1884: Democratic Governor
of New York Grover Cleveland defeats Republican James G. Blaine in a very close
contest, to win the first of his non-consecutive terms. ·
November 15 – The Berlin Conference,
which regulates European colonisation and
trade in Africa, begins (ends February 26, 1885). ·
American Old West:
Near Frisco, New Mexico,
deputy sheriff Elfego Baca holds
off a gang of 80 Texan cowboys, who want to kill
him for arresting cowboy Charles McCarthy (the cowboys were terrorizing the
area's Hispanos, and Baca was working against
them). ·
Porfirio Díaz returns as President of Mexico,
an office he will hold until 1911. ·
December 4 – Reformers in Korea who
admire the Meiji Restoration in
Japan stage the Gapsin Coup, with
Japan's help. China intervenes to rescue the king, and help suppress the
rebels. ·
December 6 – The Washington Monument is
completed in Washington, D.C., becoming the tallest structure in the world at this
date. ·
The Third Reform Act widens the adult male
electorate in the United Kingdom to around 60%. ·
Mark Twain's Adventures
of Huckleberry Finn is first published, in London. ·
December 16 – The World Cotton
Centennial world's fair opens in New Orleans. Date unknown[edit] ·
The
first Christian missionary arrives
in Korea. ·
Police
training schools are established in every prefecture in Japan. ·
The Yellow Crane Tower last
burns in Wuhan. ·
Parliamentarism is introduced in
Norway. ·
Scottish Plymouth Brethren missionary Frederick Stanley
Arnot identifies the source of the Zambezi River, near Kalene Hill. ·
The
first ascent is made of Castle Mountain in the Canadian Rockies, by geologist Arthur Philemon
Coleman. ·
The Stefan–Boltzmann law is
reformulated by Ludwig Boltzmann. ·
Mexican
General Manuel Mondragón creates
the Mondragón rifle,
the world's first automatic rifle. ·
The water hyacinth is introduced in the
United States, and quickly becomes an invasive species. ·
Leicester City F.C. is
formed as Leicester Fosse Football Club in England. ·
An economic
depression hits the United States. ·
The Fredrika
Bremer Association is founded in Sweden. Births[edit] January–March[edit]
·
Papa Celestin, American jazz bandleader,
singer, cornetist, and trumpeter (d. 1954) ·
Konstantinos
Tsaldaris, Greek politician, 2-time Prime Minister of Greece
(d. 1970) ·
January 2 – Ben-Zion Dinur, Russian-born Israeli
educator, historian and politician (d. 1973) ·
Texas Guinan, American vaudeville performer
(d. 1933) ·
Charles Armijo
Woodruff, 11th Governor of
American Samoa (d. 1945) ·
January 13 – Sophie Tucker, Russian-born singer, comedian
(d. 1966) ·
January 20 – Charles
Whittlesey, United States Army officer, commander of the Lost
Battalion in World War I (d. 1921) ·
January 21 – Roger Nash Baldwin,
American social activist (d. 1981) ·
January 23 – Ralph DePalma, Italian-born race car driver
(d. 1956) ·
January 24 – Thomas Blamey, Australian field marshal
(d. 1951) ·
January 26 – Roy Chapman Andrews,
American explorer, adventurer, and naturalist (d. 1960) ·
January 28 – Auguste Piccard, Swiss physicist,
balloonist, and inventor (d. 1962) ·
January 29 – Rickard Sandler, 20th Prime Minister of
Sweden (d. 1964) ·
Sōjin Kamiyama,
Japanese actor in American silent films,(d. 1954) ·
Pedro Pablo Ramírez,
26th President of
Argentina, leader of World War II (d. 1962) ·
January 31 – Theodor Heuss, German politician, publicist
(d. 1963) ·
February 1 – Bradbury Robinson,
American football player, who threw the first forward pass in American
football history in 1906 (d. 1949) ·
February 8 – Burt Mustin, American actor (d. 1977) ·
February 10 – Frederick Hawksworth, GWR chief
mechanical engineer (d. 1976) ·
Max Beckmann, German painter, graphic artist
(d. 1950) ·
Marie Vassilieff, Russian artist (d. 1957) ·
Johan Laidoner, seminal figure of Estonian history between the World Wars
(d.1953) ·
February 13 – Alfred Carlton
Gilbert, American athlete, inventor (d. 1961) ·
February 16 – Robert J. Flaherty,
American filmmaker (d. 1951) ·
February 17 – María
Beatriz del Rosario Arroyo, Filipino Roman Catholic nun and servant of God
(d. 1957) ·
February 18 – Andrew Watson Myles,
Canadian politician (d. 1970) ·
February 22 – Lew Cody, American actor (d. 1934) ·
February 26 – John Cyril Porte, Irish-born British flying boat pioneer (d. 1919) ·
February 28 – Ants Piip, Prime Minister of Estonia
(d. 1942) ·
March 6 – R. Williams Parry,
Welsh poet (d. 1956) ·
March 13 – Sir Hugh Walpole, English novelist (d. 1941) ·
March 17 – Alcide Nunez, American jazz musician
(d. 1934) ·
March 21 – George David
Birkhoff, American mathematician (d. 1944) ·
March 24 – Peter Debye, Dutch chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1966) ·
March 25 – Georges Imbert, Alsatian chemist (d. 1950) ·
March 26 ·
Wilhelm Backhaus, German pianist (d. 1969) ·
Isaac C. Kidd, American admiral (d. 1941) ·
Paul Legentilhomme,
French general (d. 1975) ·
March 27 – James Cruze, American motion picture
director (d. 1942) April–June[edit]
Prince
Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland
·
April 4 – Isoroku Yamamoto, Japanese admiral (d. 1943) ·
April 5 – Ion Inculeț, President of Moldova
(d. 1940) ·
April 7 – Bronisław
Malinowski, Polish anthropologist (d. 1942) ·
April 12 – Otto Fritz Meyerhof,
German-born physician, biochemist, and recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 1951) ·
April 20 – Oliver Kirk, American Olympic boxer
(b. 1960) ·
April 22 ·
Tenby Davies, Welsh half-mile world champion
runner (d. 1932) ·
Armas Launis, Finnish composer,
ethnomusicologist (d. 1959) ·
April 24 – Otto Froitzheim, German tennis player
(d. 1962) ·
May 1 – Henry Norwest, Canadian World War I sniper
(d. 1918) ·
May 5 – Jean Decoux, French admiral, Governor-General
of French Indochina (1940-1945) (d. 1963) ·
May 8 – Harry S. Truman, 33rd President
of the United States (d. 1972) ·
May 10 – Olga Petrova, English-born actress (d. 1977) ·
May 14 – Claude Dornier, German aircraft designer
(d. 1969) ·
May 20 – Leon Schlesinger, American producer,
filmmaker (d. 1949) ·
May 21 – Manuel Pérez y Curis,
Uruguayan poet (d. 1920) ·
May 23 – Corrado Gini, Italian statistician,
demographer and sociologist (d. 1965) ·
May 27 – Max Brod, Austrian author (d. 1968) ·
May 28 – Edvard Beneš, Czechoslovak politician
(d. 1948) ·
May 30 ·
Siegmund Glücksmann,
German-Jewish politician (d. 1942) ·
Robert
"Fuzzy" Theobald, American admiral (d. 1957) ·
June 5 – Doris 'Dodo' Große, German artists' model,
lover of Ernst Ludwig
Kirchner (year of death unknown) ·
June 13 ·
Anton Drexler, German far-right politician
(d. 1942) ·
Gerald Gardner,
English founder of the Wiccan religion (d. 1964) ·
June 17 – Prince
Wilhelm, Duke of Södermanland (d. 1965) ·
June 18 – Édouard Daladier,
Prime Minister of France (d. 1970) ·
June 21 ·
Claude Auchinleck,
British field marshal (d. 1981) ·
Gordon Lowe, British tennis player (d. 1972) ·
June 23 – Cyclone Taylor, Canadian ice hockey player
(d. 1979) ·
June 27 – Gaston Bachelard, French philosopher
(d. 1962) ·
June 29 – William Whitworth,
senior British Royal Navy officer (d. 1973) ·
June 30 – Franz Halder, German general (d. 1972) July–September[edit]
·
July 2 – Alfons Maria Jakob,
German neurologist (d. 1931) ·
July 4 ·
Gustaf Malmström,
Swedish wrestler (d. 1970) ·
Pauline Carton, French actress (d. 1974) ·
July 7 – J. Roy Hunt, American motion picture
cameraman and cinematographer (d. 1972) ·
July 11 – Howard Estabrook, American actor, film
director and producer, and screenwriter (d. 1978) ·
July 12 ·
Robert McKeen, New Zealand politician
(d. 1974) ·
Edgar Stehli, American actor (d. 1973) ·
Amedeo Modigliani,
Italian painter, sculptor (d. 1920) ·
July 15 – Phraya
Manopakorn Nititada, Thailand's first Prime Minister (d. 1948) ·
July 17 – Prince
George Bagration (d. 1957) ·
July 18 ·
Alberto di Jorio, former head of the Vatican Bank, secretary of the 1958 conclave (d. 1979) ·
Alexandra Tolstaya,
Russian activist (d. 1979) ·
July 19 – Maurice Nicoll, British psychiatrist
(d. 1953) ·
July 23 – Emil Jannings, Swiss-born German actor
(d. 1950) ·
July 25 – Rafael Arévalo
Martínez, Guatemalan writer (d. 1975) ·
July 27 – Kathleen Howard, Canadian/American opera
singer, character actress (d. 1956) ·
August 2 – Rómulo Gallegos,
48th President of Venezuela (d. 1969) ·
August 4 – Billie Burke, American actress (d. 1970) ·
August 8 – Sara Teasdale, American poet (d. 1933) ·
August 9 – John S. McCain, Sr.,
American admiral (d. 1945) ·
Robert G. Fowler, American pioneer aviator
(d. 1966) ·
Robert Pohl, German "Father of solid
state physics" (d. 1976) ·
Panait Istrati, Romanian writer (d. 1935) ·
August 15 – Mary Nash, American actress (d. 1976) ·
August 20 – Rudolf Bultmann, German Lutheran theologian
(d. 1976) ·
August 23 – Will Cuppy, American humorist (d. 1949) ·
Harry Antrim, American actor (d. 1967) ·
Vincent Auriol, 16th President of France (d. 1966) ·
August 28 – Peter Fraser, 24th Prime
Minister of New Zealand (d. 1950) ·
August 30 – Theodor Svedberg, Swedish chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1971) ·
September 1 – Richard C. Saufley,
American naval aviation pioneer (d. 1916) ·
September 13 – Petros Voulgaris, Prime Minister of Greece
(d. 1957) ·
September 17 – Charles
Tomlinson Griffes, American composer (d. 1920) ·
September 18 – Margit Slachta, Hungarian politician
(d. 1974) ·
İsmet
İnönü, Turkish soldier, statesman, 3-time Prime Minister
of Turkey and 2nd President of Turkey (d. 1973) ·
Hugo Schmeisser, German weapons designer
(d. 1953) ·
September 25 – Forrest Smithson, American Olympic athlete
(d. 1962) ·
September 30 – Bessie Barriscale,
American actress (d. 1965) October–December[edit]
·
October 7 – Major Harold Geiger, U.S. Army aviation pioneer
(d. 1927) ·
October 9 – Martin Johnson,
American adventurer, documentary filmmaker (d. 1937) ·
Friedrich Bergius,
German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 1949) ·
Eleanor Roosevelt,
American politician, diplomat, activist, and First
Lady of the United States (d. 1962) ·
October 16 – Rembrandt Bugatti,
Italian sculptor (d. 1916) ·
October 24 – Arthur S. Carpender,
American admiral (d. 1960) ·
October 28 – William Douglas Cook,
New Zealand founder of Eastwoodhill
Arboretum and Pukeiti (d. 1967) ·
November 4 – Harry Ferguson, Irish engineer, inventor
(d. 1960) ·
Loyal Blaine Aldrich,
American astronomer (d. 1965) ·
Norman Thomas, American social reformer
(d. 1968) ·
November 22 – Syed Sulaiman Nadvi,
Indian/Pakistani historian, biographer, littérateur and scholar of Islam
(d. 1953) ·
November 24 – Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, 2nd President of Israel
(d. 1963) ·
Walther Stampfli, member
of the Swiss Federal Council (d. 1965) ·
Rajendra Prasad, Indian politician,
1st President of India (d. 1963) ·
December 4 – R. C. Majumdar, Indian historian (d. 1980) ·
December 7 – Petru Groza, Romanian politician, 46th Prime Minister
of Romania (d. 1958) ·
December 14 – Nicholas Charnetsky,
Soviet Orthodox priest,
bishop, martyr and blessed (d. 1959) ·
December 17 – Alison Uttley, English writer of children's
books (d. 1976) ·
December 19 – Antonín Zápotocký,
6th President and 15th Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (d. 1957) ·
December 22 – Bartlett Adamson, Australian journalist,
poet, author and political activist (d. 1951) ·
Samuel Berger,
American Olympic boxer (b. 1925) ·
Evelyn Nesbit, American model, actress
(d. 1967) ·
December 29 – Ted Theodore, Australian politician, Premier of
Queensland (d. 1950) ·
December 30 – Hideki Tojo, Japanese general, 27th Prime Minister of
Japan (d. 1948) ·
December 31 – Stanley Forman Reed, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United
States (d. 1980) Date unknown[edit] ·
M. Louise Gross, American politician,
lobbyist (d. 1951) ·
Wyncie King, American illustrator (d. 1961) ·
Catherine
Schleimer-Kill, Luxemburgian women's rights activist (d. 1973) ·
Ayoub Tabet, 6th Prime Minister of Lebanon
(d. 1947) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit]
·
January 6 – Gregor Mendel, Czech geneticist (b. 1822) ·
January 25 – Johann Gottfried
Piefke, German conductor, composer (b. 1815) ·
February 8 – Cetshwayo kaMpande,
Zulu king (b. 1826) ·
Alice
Hathaway Lee Roosevelt, first wife of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1861) ·
Martha Bulloch
Roosevelt, mother of Theodore Roosevelt (b. 1835) ·
February 26 – Emmanuel Félix
de Wimpffen, French general (b. 1811) ·
March 1 – Isaac Todhunter, English mathematician
(b. 1820) ·
March 13 – Leland Stanford, Jr.,
son of Governor Leland Stanford of California, in whose memory Stanford University was
founded (b. 1868) ·
March 19 – Elias Lönnrot, Finnish philologist,
collector of traditional Finnish oral poetry (b. 1802) ·
March 21 ·
Ezra Abbot, American Bible scholar (b. 1819) ·
Constantin
A. Crețulescu, 7th Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1809) ·
March 23 – Henry C. Lord, American railroad executive
(b. 1824) ·
March 28 – Prince
Leopold, Duke of Albany, youngest son of Queen Victoria (b. 1853) ·
April 4 – Marie Bashkirtseff,
Russian artist (b. 1858) ·
April 6 – Emanuel Geibel, German poet, dramatist
(b. 1815) ·
April 24 – Marie Taglioni, Swedish-Italian ballerina
(b. 1804) ·
May 6 – Judah P. Benjamin, Cabinet
officer of the Confederate States (b. 1811) ·
May 12 – Bedřich Smetana,
Czech composer (b. 1824) ·
May 13 – Cyrus McCormick, American inventor (b. 1809) ·
May 29 – Sir Henry Bartle Frere,
British colonial administrator (b. 1815) ·
June 19 – Juan Bautista
Alberdi, Argentine politician, writer and main Constitution
promoter (b. 1810) ·
June 21 – Alexander,
Prince of Orange, heir apparent to the Dutch throne (b. 1851) ·
June 25 – Hans Rott, Austrian composer (b. 1858) July–December[edit]
·
July 1 – Allan Pinkerton, American detective
(b. 1819) ·
July 10 – Paul Morphy, American chess player (b. 1837) ·
July 15 ·
Henry
Wellesley, 1st Earl Cowley, British diplomat (b. 1804) ·
Almira Hart
Lincoln Phelps, American educator, author (b. 1793) ·
August 9 – Annestine Beyer, Danish reform pedagogue
(b. 1795) ·
August 18 – Mary C. Ames, American writer (b. 1831) ·
September 10 – George Bentham, English botanist (b. 1800) ·
October 4 – Leona Florentino, Filipina poet (b. 1849) ·
October 7 – Bernard Petitjean,
French Roman Catholic missionary to Japan (b. 1829) ·
October 16 – Bernice Pauahi
Bishop, Hawaiian ali‘i (b. 1831) ·
October 18 – William
VIII, Duke of Brunswick (b. 1806) ·
November 3 – Menyhért Lónyay,
5th Prime Minister of Hungary (b. 1822) ·
November 16 – František Chvostek,
Moravian physician (b. 1835) ·
November 25 – Adolph
Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe, German chemist (b. 1818) ·
December 1 – William
Swainson, second, and last, Attorney-General of
the Crown Colony of
New Zealand (b. 1809) ·
December 3 – Jane Lundie Bonar,
Scottish hymnwriter (b. 1821) ·
December 20 – Domenico Consolini,
Italian Catholic Cardinal (b. 1806) References[edit] 1.
^ Hutton, Ronald (2009). Blood
and Mistletoe: The History of the Druids in Britain. New Haven: Yale
University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-14485-7. 2.
^ Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference
Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0. 3.
^ #33/256. Bollettino delle privative industriali
del Regno d’Italia 2nd Series 15 (1884) pp.
635–655. 4.
^ Stover, C.W.; Coffman, J.L., Seismicity of the United States, 1568–1989 (Revised),
U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1527, United
States Government Printing Office, pp. 314–316 Further reading and year books[edit] ·
1884 Annual Cyclopedia (1885) highly detailed coverage
of "Political, Military, and Ecclesiastical Affairs; Public Documents;
Biography, Statistics, Commerce, Finance, Literature, Science, Agriculture,
and Mechanical Industry" for year 1884; massive compilation of facts and
primary documents; worldwide coverage; 855pp |
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