|
|
|
||
|
1919 (MCMXIX) was
a common year starting
on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar and
a common
year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar, the 1919th year of
the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the
919th year of the 2nd millennium,
the 19th year of the 20th century,
and the 10th and last year of the 1910s decade. As of the start of 1919,
the Gregorian calendar was 13 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which
remained in localized use until 1923. Contents · 1Events · 2Births · 3Deaths · 7Sources Events[edit] January[edit] ·
The Czechoslovak Legions occupy
much of the self-proclaimed "free city" of Pressburg (now Bratislava), enforcing
its incorporation into the new republic of Czechoslovakia.[1] ·
HMY Iolaire sinks
off the coast of Scotland; 201 die.[2] ·
Edsel Ford succeeds his father, as head
of the Ford Motor Company. ·
Russian Civil War:
In the Caucasus : The Red Army's Caspian-Caucasian
Front begins the Northern
Caucasus Operation against the White Army, but fails to made progress. ·
January 3 – The Faisal–Weizmann
Agreement is signed by Emir Faisal (representing the
Arab Kingdom of Hejaz)
and Zionist leader Chaim Weizmann, for Arab–Jewish cooperation
in the development of a Jewish homeland in Palestine,
and an Arab nation in a large part of the Middle East. ·
Spartacist uprising:
Socialist demonstrations in Berlin, Germany turn into an attempted communist
revolution. ·
In
Germany, the German Workers'
Party (Deutsche Arbeiterpartei,
DAP), predecessor of the Nazi Party, is formed by the merger of Anton Drexler's Committee of Independent
Workmen with journalist Karl Harrer's Political Workers' Circle. ·
The Tragic Week in Argentina, an anarchist uprising
in Buenos Aires,
begins; it is later suppressed by official forces. ·
Estonian War
of Independence: With Soviet Russian forces just 40 km
of the capital Tallinn, Estonian forces start a general and
successful counter-offensive against the Red Army. ·
January 8 – The funeral of Theodore Roosevelt,
26th President
of the United States, is held at Christ Church Oyster Bay, Long
Island; Roosevelt had died in his sleep at the age of 60, two days earlier.[3] ·
Russian Civil War:
Southern Front : The Red Army attacks and defeat the
White Don Army under Pyotr Krasnovinthe Voronezh–Povorino Operation. ·
January 9 – Friedrich Ebert orders the Freikorps into action in Berlin. ·
January 10–12 – The Freikorps attacks Spartacist
supporters around Berlin. ·
Romania annexes Transylvania. ·
The Georgian genocide occurs in Alagir.[clarification
needed] ·
Russian Civil War:
In the Southern Front, the Armed Forces
of South Russia under General Anton Denikin fights
for three months against the Red army for the possesion
of the strategic region of the Donbass. ·
January 13 – Workers' councils in
Berlin end the general strike;
the Spartacist uprising is over. ·
January 14 – Estonian War
of Independence: Estonian forces liberate Tartu from the Red Army. ·
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Liebknecht are murdered, following
the Spartacist uprising. ·
Great Molasses Flood:
A wave of molasses released
from an exploding storage tank sweeps through Boston, Massachusetts, killing 21 and
injuring 150. ·
The Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution,
authorizing Prohibition,
is ratified. ·
Pianist Ignacy Jan Paderewski becomes the
second Prime Minister
of Poland. ·
World War I: The Paris Peace
Conference opens at the Palace of Versailles,
France.[4] ·
Estonian War
of Independence: Estonian forces liberate Narva, expelling the Red Army from Northern Estonia. ·
Bentley Motors Limited is founded in
England. ·
The Monarchy of the
North is established in Northern Portugal. ·
January 19-28 ·
Russian Civil War:
The Red Army begin the counter offensive in
the Perm area against
the White forces. ·
Dáil Éireann meets
for the first time in the Mansion House,
Dublin. It comprises Sinn Féin members elected in the 1918 general
election who have, in accordance with their manifesto,
not taken their seats in the Parliament
of the United Kingdom, but chosen to declare an independent Irish Republic. In the first shots of
the Anglo-Irish War,
two Royal Irish
Constabulary (RIC) men are killed in an ambush at Soloheadbeg in Tipperary. ·
Emperor Gojong of
the Korean Empire dies. ·
January 23 – The Khotin Uprising breaks out in Khotyn, Ukraine. ·
January 25 – The League of Nations is
founded in Paris, France. ·
January 31 – Battle of George
Square: The British Army is called in to deal with
riots, during negotiations over working hours in Glasgow, Scotland. David Kirkwood being detained by police
during the Battle of George
Square February[edit] ·
February 1 – Estonian War
of Independence: Estonian forces liberate Valga and Vőru, expelling the Red Army from the entire territory of Estonia. ·
Russian Civil War:
Soviet troops occupy Ukraine. ·
February 4-5 – Pressburg
(Bratislava) becomes the capital of Slovakia.[5] ·
United Artists (UA) is incorporated
by D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks. ·
Russian Civil War:
Soviet troops occupy the city of Kiev after
the Battle of
Kiev (January 1919). ·
February 6 – The Seattle General
Strike begins in the United States, affecting over 65,000
workers. ·
Friedrich Ebert is elected the
first President
of Germany (Reichspräsident),
by the Weimar National
Assembly. ·
The Seattle General
Strike ends, when Federal troops
are summoned by the State of Washington's Attorney General. ·
February 12 – Ethnic Germans and
Hungarian inhabitants of Pressburg start a protest
against its incorporation into Czechoslovakia, but the Czechoslovak Legionsopen fire on
the unarmed demonstrators.[6] ·
February 14 – The Polish–Soviet War begins,
with the Battle
of Bereza Kartuska. ·
February 16-21 – Estonian War
of Independence: Uniformed peasants in Saaremaa rebel against the government
of Estonia; the rebellion is crushed by
government forces, leaving more than 200 dead. ·
February 25 – Oregon places a one cent per US gallon
(0.26˘/liter) tax on gasoline, becoming the
first U.S. state to levy a gasoline tax. ·
February 26 – Grand Canyon
National Park: An act of the United States
Congress establishes most of the Grand Canyon as a United States
National Park. ·
Amānullāh Khān becomes King
of Afghanistan. ·
An
independence mission to the U.S., funded by the Philippine legislature, sets
out from Manila to present its case to Secretary
of War Newton D. Baker.[7] March[edit] ·
March 1 – The March 1st Movement against Japanese
colonial rule in Korea is formed. ·
March 2 – The Founding
Congress of the Comintern opens in
Moscow. ·
March 3 – The Supreme
Court of the United States upholds the conviction of Charles Schenck. ·
Russian Civil War:
Begins the Chapan War: Peasants of the provinces
of Samara and Simbirsk rebel against Soviet rule. ·
March 4 ·
The Communist
International (Comintern) is
founded. ·
Russian Civil War:
The White forces in
Siberia under the command of Admiral Alexander Kolchak attack
the positions of The Red Army in
the Spring
Offensive. The Whites crushed the 5th Red army under Jan Blumberg,
and captured Okhansk, Osa, Sarapul and finally Ufa over
the next days. ·
March 4–5 – Kinmel Park Riots by troops of
the Canadian
Expeditionary Force awaiting repatriation at Kinmel Camp, Bodelwyddan, in North Wales. Five men are killed, 28
injured, and 25 convicted of mutiny.[8] ·
March 5 – A. Mitchell Palmer becomes United
States Attorney General, through recess appointment. ·
March 8 – The Rowlatt Act is
passed by the Imperial
Legislative Council in London, indefinitely extending the
emergency provisions of the Defence of India Act 1915. ·
March 9 – The Egyptian
Revolution of 1919 breaks out. ·
Russian Civil War:
The Cossacks of the Upper Don rebel against the Bolchevisk
rule in the Vyoshenskaya Uprising and joined the White forces. ·
March 15–17 – Members of the American
Expeditionary Forces convene in Paris, for the first American Legion caucus. ·
March 21 – The Hungarian
Soviet Republic is established by Béla Kun. ·
March 23 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement. ·
March 23–24 – Charles I,
the last Emperor of Austria,
leaves Austria for exile in Switzerland. ·
March 26 – Queen of the
South F.C. is formed in Dumfries.[9] ·
March 27 – The name Bratislava is officially adopted for
the city of Pressburg.[10] ·
March 31 – A general strike begins in the Ruhr. April[edit] ·
April 5 – Pinsk massacre: 35 Jews are killed without
trial, after being accused of Bolshevism. ·
April 6–7 – The Bavarian Soviet
Republic is founded. ·
April 10 – Mexican Revolution leader Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot
dead in Morelos. ·
April 12 – French serial killer Henri Désiré Landru is
arrested. ·
April 13 ·
Amritsar Massacre:
British and Gurkha troops massacre 379 Sikhs at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, in the Punjab
Province (British India). ·
Eugene V. Debs enters prison at the
Atlanta Federal Penitentiary in Atlanta, Georgia for speaking out
against the
draft during World War I. ·
April 15 – The Save the Children
Fund is created in the UK, to raise money for the relief of
German and Austrian children.a ·
April 20 – The French Army blows up the bridge over
the Dniester at Bender, Moldova, to protect the city from
the Bolsheviks.[11] ·
Russian Civil War:
The Reds go to the offensive in
the Siberia Front: General Gaya Gai defeats the White forces near
Orenburg after a 3-day battle. The next weeks , the red Army pushes the White forces behind the Ural mountains. ·
April 23 – The Estonian
Constituent Assembly convenes its first session. ·
April 25 ·
The Bauhaus architectural and design
movement is founded in Weimar, Germany. ·
ANZAC Day is observed for the first
time in Australia. ·
Pancho Villa takes Parral, Chihuahua, in Mexico, and executes
the mayor and his two sons by hanging. ·
April 30 – Several bombs are
intercepted, in the first wave of the 1919
United States anarchist bombings. May[edit] ·
May 1 ·
A
large left-wing demonstration in France leads to a violent confrontation with
the police. ·
Riots break
out in Cleveland, Ohio;
2 people are killed, 40 injured, and 116 arrested. ·
May 2 – Weimar Republic troops and the Freikorps occupy Munich, and crush the Bavarian Soviet
Republic. ·
May 3 – Amānullāh Khān attacks the British
government in India. ·
May 4 ·
The May Fourth Movement opposes
foreign colonizers in China erupts. ·
The
League of Red Cross Societies is founded in Paris. ·
May 6 – The Third Anglo-Afghan
War begins. ·
May 8 – Edward George Honey proposes
a moment of silence, to commemorate the Armistice of World War I. ·
May 8–27 – United States Navy Curtiss flying boat NC-4,
commanded by Albert Cushing Read,
makes the first transatlantic flight,
from Naval Air
Station Rockawayto Lisbon via Trepassey, Newfoundland (departs May 16) and the Azores (arrives May 17). (On May 30–31 it flies on to Plymouth in England.) ·
May 9 – In Belgium, a new electoral law
introduces universal
manhood suffrage, and gives the franchise to certain classes of
women. ·
May 14 – The University
College of Wales, Aberystwyth,
establishes probably the world's first Chair in International
Politics, endowed by David
Davies and his sisters in honour
of Woodrow Wilson,
with Alfred Eckhard Zimmern as first professor.[12] ·
May 15 ·
The Hellenic Army lands at Smyrna, on ships of the British Royal Navy. ·
A
law providing for full women's suffrage in
the Netherlands is
introduced. ·
Winnipeg general
strike: Workers in Winnipeg, Canada launch a strike for better
wages and working conditions. ·
May 17 – The Committee of One Thousand
forms to oppose the Winnipeg general
strike. ·
May 19 ·
Mustafa Kemal
Atatürk lands at Samsun on the Anatolian Black Sea coast, marking the start of
the Turkish War
of Independence. The anniversary of this event is also an official
day of Turkish Youth. ·
Volcano Kelud erupts in Java,
killing about 5,000. ·
May 23 – The University of
California opens its second campus in Los Angeles. Initially
called Southern Branch of the University of California (SBUC),
it is eventually renamed the University
of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). ·
May 25 – Estonian War
of Independence: Estonian forces capture Pskov from the Red Army, and soon hand it over to the White forces. ·
May 27 ·
Fyodor Raskolnikov is
exchanged for 14 British prisoners of war. ·
Siege
of Spin Boldak (Third Anglo-Afghan
War): This is the last time the British Army uses an escalade.[13] ·
May 29 ·
Einstein's theory of general relativity is
tested by Arthur Eddington's
observation of the "bending of light" during a total solar eclipse in Príncipe, and by Andrew Crommelin in Sobral, Ceará, Brazil (confirmed November 19).[14] ·
The Republic of Prekmurje formally declares independence
from Hungary. ·
May 30 – By agreement with the United
Kingdom, later confirmed by the League of Nations,
Belgium is given the mandate over
part of German East Africa(Ruanda-Urundi). June[edit] "The Big Four" during the Paris Peace
Conference (from left to right, David Lloyd George, Vittorio Orlando, Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson). ·
June – Earl W. Bascom, rodeo cowboy and artist,
along with his father John W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada, designs and makes rodeo's
first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute, now the world standard. ·
June 2 – 1919
United States anarchist bombings: Eight mail bombs are sent to
prominent figures. ·
June 4 – Women's rights: The United States
Congress approves the 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution,
which would guarantee suffrage to women,
and sends it to the states for ratification. ·
June 5 – Estonian and Latvian Wars
of Independence: The advancing pro-German Baltische Landeswehr initiates war
against Estonia in Northern Latvia. ·
June 6 – The Hungarian Red Army attacks
the Republic of Prekmurje. ·
June 7 ·
Sette Giugno on Malta: British troops fire on a mob
protesting against the colonial government, killing
four. ·
Russian Civil War: Counteroffensive
of Eastern Front: The Reds army capture the city of Birsk from the White forces. ·
June 9 ·
Russian Civil War: Counteroffensive
of Eastern Front: The Reds army recapture the city of Ufa ·
June 14–15 – A Vickers Vimy piloted
by John Alcock DSC,
with navigator Arthur Whitten Brown,
makes the first nonstop
transatlantic flight, from St. John's,
Newfoundland, to Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. ·
June 15 – Pancho Villa attacks Ciudad Juárez, Mexico. When the bullets
begin to fly to the American side of the border, two units of the United
States 7th Cavalry Regiment cross
the border, to push Villa's forces from American territory. ·
June 17 – English Police Sergeant Thomas
Green is killed, during the Epsom Riot by Canadian troops. ·
June 18 – The biggest football club
in Central America, Liga Deportiva Alajuelense,
is founded in Costa Rica. ·
Russian Civil War:In the Siberian
Front begin the Perm
operation (1919) The 2nd and 3rd armies of Soviet Russia
recaptured the city of Perm. ·
Russian Civil War:
Southern Front, The White Volunteer Army defeated the exhausted
Red forces in the Kharkiv Operation , capturing the industril acity of Kharkiv . ·
June 21 ·
Bloody Saturday of
the Winnipeg general
strike: Royal
Northwest Mounted Police fire a volley of bullets into a
crowd of unemployed war veterans, killing two. ·
Scuttling
of the German fleet at Scapa Flow: Admiral Ludwig von Reuter scuttles
the German fleet interned at Scapa Flow, Scotland; nine German sailors
are killed. ·
June 23 – Estonian and Latvian Wars
of Independence – Battle of Cēsis: The Estonian army defeats the
pro-German Baltische Landeswehr in
northern Latvia, forcing it to retreat towards Riga;
the event has been celebrated as Victory Day in Estonia ever since. ·
June 26 – British Foreign
Office official St John Philby and T. E. Lawrence arrive in Cairo for discussions about Arab unrest
in Egypt, having been flown by Canadian
pilot Harry Yates in
a Handley Page bomber, which set off from England on June 21. ·
June 28 ·
The Treaty of Versailles is
signed, formally ending World War I.[4] John Maynard Keynes,
who had been present at the conference and was unhappy with the terms of the
treaty, brings out his own analysis later in the year, entitled The
Economic Consequences of the Peace. ·
The International
Labour Organization (ILO) is
established as an agency of the League of Nations. July[edit] ·
July 2 – The Syrian National
Congress in Damascus: Arab nationalists announce
independence. ·
July 2–6 – British airship R34 makes the first transatlantic
flight by dirigible, and the first westbound flight, from RAF East Fortune, Scotland, to Mineola, New York. ·
July 3 – Estonian and Latvian Wars
of Independence: The pro-German Baltische Landeswehr signs a peace
treaty with Estonia and Latvia. The pro-German Prime Minister
of Latvia Andrievs Niedra resigns,
and Latvian forces take over Riga on July 8. ·
Russian Civil War :
Eastern or Siberian Front: The Red Army captured the city of Ekaterinburg ubicated in the Ural mountains, in the Ekaterinburg
operationfrom
the White rule of Admiral Alexander Kolchak. ·
July 7 – The United States Army sends
a convoy across the continental U.S., starting in Washington, D.C., to assess
the possibility of crossing North America by road. This crossing takes many
months to complete, because the building of the U.S. Highway System has
not commenced. ·
July 11 – The eight-hour day and free Sunday become
law for workers in the Netherlands. ·
July 19 – The Foreign Ministry of the Azerbaijan
Democratic Republic is established, by decree of the chancellory for foreign affairs.[15] ·
July 21 – Wingfoot Air
Express crash: The dirigible Wingfoot Air Express catches
fire over downtown Chicago. Two passengers, one aircrewman and ten people on
the ground are killed. However, two people parachute to the ground safely.[16] ·
July 27 – The Chicago Race
Riot of 1919 begins, when a white man throws stones at a group
of four black teens on a raft. ·
July 28 – The International
Astronomical Union is founded in Paris, France. ·
July 31 – British
police strike in London and Liverpool, for recognition of the National
Union of Police and Prison Officers; over 2,000 strikers are dismissed. August[edit] Romanian troops entering Budapest ·
August 1 – Béla Kun's Hungarian
Soviet Republic collapses. ·
August 3 – The Romanian army
liberates Timișoara from the Hungarian
occupation. ·
August 4 – The Romanian army
occupies Budapest. ·
August 8 – The Treaty of Rawalpindi ends
the Third Anglo-Afghan
War. ·
August 11 – In Germany, the Weimar Constitution is
proclaimed to be in effect (ratified). ·
August 16–26 – First Silesian
Uprising: The Poles in Upper Silesia rise against the Germans. ·
Russian Civil War:
The Bolshevik fleet at Kronstadt,
near Petrograd, Russia, on the Baltic Sea, is mostly destroyed by
British warplanes and torpedo boats in a combined operation. ·
August 19 – Afghanistan gains
independence from the United Kingdom. Friedrich Ebertbecomes president in Weimar, Germany ·
August 21 – Friedrich Ebert becomes the first
president in Germany. ·
August 27 – South African Prime
Minister Louis Botha dies
in office. ·
Russian Civil War:
Southern Front, The Red Army commanded
by Vladimir Yegoryev attacks the
White Forces of General Anton Denikin, but
is defeated. ·
Russian Civil War:
The Red Army captures Pskov from White forces. ·
August 31 – The American
Communist Party is established. September[edit] ·
Russian Civil War :
Siberian Front: Admiral Alexander Kolchak launched
his final offensive in the Tobolsk operation , defeating the Red army ·
September 3 – Jan Smuts becomes the second Prime
Minister of South Africa. ·
September 6 – The U.S. Army expedition
across America, which started July 7, ends in San Francisco. ·
September 10 – The Treaty of
Saint-Germain is signed, ending World War I with Austria-Hungary. ·
September 10–15: The Florida Keys
hurricane kills 600 in the Gulf of Mexico, Florida and Texas. ·
September 12 – Gabriele D'Annunzio,
with his entourage, marches into Fiume and convinces Italian troops to
join him. ·
September 17 – German South
West Africa is placed under South African administration. ·
September 21 – The Steel strike of 1919 begins
across the United States. ·
Russian Civil War:
The last British Army troops leave Archangel, and leave the fighting to the
Russians. October[edit] ·
October 2 – President of the United
States Woodrow Wilson suffers
a serious stroke, rendering him an invalid for the remainder of his life. ·
October 7 – The Dutch airline KLM is
formed (as of 2007, it will be the world's oldest
airline still flying under its original name). ·
October 9 – In Major League
Baseball, the Cincinnati Reds win the World Series,
five games to three, over the Chicago White Sox,
whose players are later found to have lost intentionally. ·
October 10 – Estonia adopts a radical land reform, nationalizing 97% of agrarian
lands, mostly still belonging to Baltic Germans. ·
October 13 – The Convention relating to the Regulation of Aerial
Navigation is signed, in Paris, France. ·
In Germany, Adolf Hitler gives his first speech for
the German Workers'
Party (DAP). ·
The
historic Condado Vanderbilt Hotel is
inaugurated, in San Juan, Puerto
Rico. ·
October 28 – Prohibition
in the United States: The United States
Congress passes the Volstead Act, over President Woodrow Wilson's veto. Prohibition goes into
effect on January 17, 1920, under the provisions
of the 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution. November[edit] ·
November 1 – The Coal Strike of 1919 begins
in the United States, by the United Mine Workers under John L. Lewis; a final agreement is reached
on December 10. ·
The
first Palmer Raid is
conducted on the second anniversary of the Russian Revolution;
over 10,000 suspected communists and anarchists are arrested in 23 different
U.S. cities. ·
Inspired
by Cape Town's daily Noon Gun Three
Minute Pause, King George V institutes
the Two Minute Silence,
following a suggestion by Sir Percy
Fitzpatrick, to be observed annually at the Eleventh Hour of the Eleventh Day of the Eleventh
Month.[17] ·
November 9 – Felix the Cat appears in Feline Follies, marking the first
cartoon character to become popular. ·
November 10 – Abrams v. United
States: The Supreme
Court of the United States upholds the conviction Abrams, for
inciting resistance to the war effort against Soviet Russia. ·
November 10–12 – The first national convention of
the American Legion is
held in Minneapolis. ·
Russian Civil War:
The Northwestern Army of
General Nikolai Yudenich retreats to Estonia and is disarmed. ·
The Centralia
Massacre in Centralia,
Washington (United States), originating at an Armistice Day parade, results in the
deaths of four members of the American Legion, and the lynching of a local
leader of the Industrial
Workers of the World (IWW). ·
First Remembrance Day observed in the British Empire with a two-minute silence at
11:00 hours.[17] ·
Russian Civil War :
Siberian Front: Admiral Alexander Kolchak's
White forces begin the Great Siberian
Ice March from the cities of Omsk and Tomsk to Irkutsk in the Lake Baikal, escaping from the
victorious Red army . ·
November 16 – After Entente pressure, Romanian forces
withdraw from Budapest and
allow Admiral Horthy to
march in. ·
November 19 – The Treaty of Versailles fails
a critical ratification vote in the United States Senate.
It will never be ratified by the U.S. ·
November 27 – The Treaty of
Neuilly-sur-Seine is signed between the Allies and Bulgaria. ·
November 30 – Health officials declare
the global "Spanish" flu
pandemic has ceased. December[edit] ·
American-born Nancy
Astor, Viscountess Astor, becomes the first
woman to take her seat in the House
of Commons of the United Kingdom, having become the second to be
elected on November 28.[18] ·
XWA
(now CINW), in Montreal, becomes the first public radio station in North America to go on
the air. ·
December 3 - After nearly 20 years of
planning and construction, including two collapses causing 89 deaths,
the Quebec Bridge opens
to traffic. ·
December 4 – The French Opera House in New Orleans, Louisiana is destroyed by fire. ·
December 5 – The Turkish Ministry of War releases Greeks, Armenians and Jews from military service. ·
December 17 - Uruguay becomes a
signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty. ·
December 19 – The fictional
character Ham Gravy makes
his début in Thimble Theatre Comics. ·
December 21 – The United States deports
249 people, including Emma Goldman, to Russia on the USAT Buford. ·
December 23 - Sex Disqualification
(Removal) Act 1919 becomes law in the United Kingdom. ·
December 25 – Cliftonhill Stadium in Coatbridge,
Scotland, opens as the home of Albion Rovers F.C..
They lose the opening match 2–0 to St Mirren. Date unknown[edit] ·
Les Champs Magnétiques, the first book produced using the techniques of surrealist
automatism, is written by André Breton and Philippe Soupault. ·
Female suffrage is enacted in Germany and Luxembourg. ·
The World
League Against Alcoholism is established by the Anti-Saloon League. ·
John Browning finalizes the design for
the M1919 Browning
machine gun (.30 caliber),
the first widely distributed and practical air cooled medium machine gunintroduced to the
United States Military. It receives an official designation, and production
is started in the same year. ·
John T. Thompson finalizes the design
of the Thompson
submachine gun in the United States. ·
Severe inflation in Germany sees
the Papiermark rise
to 47 marks against
the United States dollar by December, compared to 12 marks in April.[19] Births[edit]
January[edit] ·
Sirr Al-Khatim Al-Khalifa,
5th Prime Minister of Sudan (d. 2006) ·
Carole Landis, American actress (d. 1948) ·
Sheila Mercier, English actress ·
Daniil Granin,
Soviet-Russian author (d. 2017) ·
J. D. Salinger, American novelist (The
Catcher in the Rye) (d. 2010) ·
January 2 – Charles Willeford, American writer (d. 1988) ·
January 3 – Dorothy
Morrison, American actress ·
January 4 – Lester L. Wolff, American politician ·
January 5 – Hector Abhayavardhana, Sri Lankan political theorist
(d. 2012) ·
January 10 – Ugo Sansonetti,
Italian maters athlete and writer ·
January 13 – Robert Stack, American actor (d. 2003) ·
Giulio Andreotti, Italian politician,
3-time Prime Minister of
Italy (d. 2013) ·
Andy Rooney, American television personality
(d. 2011) ·
January 15 – George Cadle Price, 2-Time Prime Minister
of Belize (1981–84 and 1989–93) (d. 2011) ·
January 19 – Antonio Pietrangeli, Italian film director and
screenwriter (d. 1968) ·
Frances Bay, Canadian actress (d. 2011) ·
Hans Hass, Austrian zoologist (d. 2013) ·
Ernie Kovacs, American comedian (d. 1962) ·
Bob Paisley, English footballer and manager
(d. 1996) ·
January 24 – Leon Kirchner, American composer (d. 2009) ·
Valentino Mazzola,
Italian footballer (d. 1949) ·
Hyun Soong-jong,
24th Prime Minister of South Korea ·
January 27 – Ross Bagdasarian Sr., American musician and actor (Alvin
and the Chipmunks) (d. 1972) ·
January 28 – Gabby Gabreski, American fighter ace
(d. 2002) ·
January 30 – John C. Elliott, American politician and
39th Governor of
American Samoa (1952) (d. 2001) ·
January 31 – Jackie Robinson, African-American baseball
player (d. 1972) February[edit] ·
February 1 – Artie Singer, American songwriter, music
producer, and bandleader (d. 2008) ·
Peter Butterworth,
English actor and comedian (d. 1979) ·
Janet Waldo, American actress (d. 2016) ·
Red Buttons, American actor (d. 2006) ·
Andreas Papandreou, Prime Minister
of Greece (1981–89 and 1993–96) (d. 1996) ·
February 9 – Robert Martin,
American fighter pilot (d. 2018) ·
February 11 – Eva Gabor, Hungarian actress, better known
for her role in Green Acres (d. 1995) ·
Forrest Tucker, American actor, better known
for his role in F Troop (d. 1986) ·
Ferruccio Valcareggi,
Italian football player and manager (d. 2005) ·
Tennessee Ernie Ford,
American musician (d. 1991) ·
Eddie
Robinson, American football coach (d. 2007) ·
February 15 – Norman Garbo, American author and lecturer ·
February 16 – Irene Brown, British author and codebreaker
(d. 2017) ·
February 17 – Kathleen Freeman, American actress (d. 2001) ·
Jack Palance,
American actor (d. 2006) ·
José de
Jesús Pimiento Rodríguez, Colombian cardinal ·
February 19 – William Gianelli,
American politician ·
Joe Krol, Canadian
football player (d. 2008) ·
James O'Meara, British Battle of Britain Spitfire flying ace (d. 1974) ·
February 24 – Árpád Bogsch, Hungarian international
civil servant (d. 2004) ·
Karl H. Pribram,
Austrian-American neuroscientist (d. 2015) ·
Monte Irvin, American baseball player
(d. 2016) ·
February 26 – Rie Mastenbroek,
Dutch swimmer (d. 2003) ·
February 28 – Brian Urquhart, English war veteran and
diplomat March[edit] ·
March 2 – Jennifer Jones, American actress (d. 2009) ·
March 3 ·
Peter Abrahams, South African-born Jamaican
novelist and journalist (d. 2017) ·
Mary Cosh, English
journalist, historian and author ·
Tadahito Mochinaga,
Japanese stop-motion animator (d. 1999) ·
March 5 – Myron H. Bright, United States federal judge
(d. 2016) ·
March 6 – Michael Karkoc,
German war criminal ·
March 7 – M. N. Nambiar, Indian film actor (d. 2008) ·
March 10 – Leonor Oyarzún, First Lady of Chile ·
March 11 – Kira Golovko,
Russian actress (d. 2017) ·
March 12 – Donald Zec,
English journalist ·
March 13 – Jack P. Lewis, American Biblical scholar
(d. 2018) ·
March 14 – Dickey Chapelle, American photojournalist
(d. 1965) ·
March 15 – Lawrence Tierney, American actor (d. 2002) ·
March 17 ·
Nat King Cole, African-American singer
("Unforgettable")
(d. 1965) ·
Mad Mike Hoare, English-Irish mercenary ·
March 18 – Santiago
Álvarez, Cuban filmmaker (d. 1998) ·
March 19 – Abdullah Tariki,
Saudi politician and government official (d. 1997) ·
March 20 – Gerhard Barkhorn,
German World War II fighter ace (d. 1983) ·
March 24 – Lawrence
Ferlinghetti, American poet and publisher ·
March 25 – Jeanne Cagney, American actress (d. 1984) ·
March 26 – Strother Martin, American actor (d. 1980) ·
March 29 ·
William S. Anderson,
Chinese-English business salesman and president and chairman of NCR Corporation ·
Eileen Heckart,
American actress (d. 2001) ·
March 30 – Henry Danton, English dance teacher April[edit] ·
April 1 ·
Joseph Murray, American surgeon, recipient
of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2012) ·
Jeannie Rousseau, French Allied intelligence
agent (d. 2017) ·
April 3 – Ervin Drake, American songwriter (d. 2015) ·
April 4 – Charles O. Porter,
American politician (d. 2006) ·
April 5 – Lester James Peries, Sri Lankan director, screenwriter and
producer (d. 2018) ·
April 6 – Caren Marsh Doll, American actress and
dancer ·
April 8 – Ian Smith, Prime Minister
of Rhodesia (1967–79) (d. 2007) ·
April 9 – Iain Moncreiffe,
Scottish genealogist and Officer of Arms (d. 1985) ·
April 13 ·
Howard Keel, American singer, dancer and
actor (Dallas) (d. 2004) ·
Madalyn Murray
O'Hair, American atheist activist (d. 1995) ·
April 16 – Edward Simons Fulmer,
American Army Air Forces officer (d. 2017) ·
April 18 ·
Samuel L. Myers Sr.,
American economist ·
Esther Afua Ocloo, Ghanaian
entrepreneur and pioneer of microlending (d. 2002) ·
April 19 – Gloria Marín, Mexican actress (d. 1983) ·
April 21 ·
Licio Gelli, Italian financer (d. 2015) ·
André Bettencourt,
French politician (d. 2007) ·
April 22 – Donald J. Cram, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 2001) ·
April 23 – Anne Buydens,
Belgian-American actress ·
April 24 – Glafcos Clerides,
Cypriot president (1993–2003) (d. 2013) ·
April 29 – Stephen
Wilkinson, English conductor and composer May[edit] ·
May 1 ·
Lance Barnard, Australian politician
(d. 1997) ·
Manna Dey, Indian playback singer (d. 2013) ·
Mohammed Karim Lamrani, Prime Minister
of Morocco (d. 2018) ·
Dan O'Herlihy,
Irish film actor (d. 2005) ·
May 3 – Pete Seeger, American folk singer and
musician (d. 2014) ·
May 4 ·
Dory Funk, American professional wrestler
(d. 1973) ·
Basil Yamey, South
African-English economist and academic ·
May 5 – Georgios
Papadopoulos, President of Greece and Prime Minister of Greece
(d. 1999) ·
May 7 ·
La Esterella,
Flemish singer (d. 2011) ·
Eva Perón, wife of
Argentine President Juan Perón (d. 1952) ·
May 8 – Lex Barker, American actor (d. 1973) ·
May 9 – Mitja Ribičič, Yugoslav
politician (d. 2013) ·
May 10 – Atmasthananda, Indian Hindu leader
(d. 2017) ·
May 15 – Eugenia Charles, 3rd Prime Minister
of Dominica (d. 2005) ·
May 16 ·
Liberace, American pop musician (d. 1987) ·
Richard
Mason, British novelist (d. 1997) ·
May 17 – Antonio Aguilar, Mexican singer and actor
(d. 2007) ·
May 18 – Margot Fonteyn, English ballet dancer
(d. 1991) ·
May 19 ·
Arvid
Andersson, Swedish weightlifter (d. 2011) ·
Mitja Ribičič,
Slovene politician, 25th Prime Minister of Yugoslavia (d. 2013) ·
May 20 ·
Jal Cursetji,
Indian navy admiral ·
George Gobel,
American comedian (d. 1991) ·
May 21 – Vera Altayskaya,
Soviet actress (d. 1978) ·
May 22 – Paul Vanden Boeynants, 2-time Prime Minister of Belgium
(d. 2001) ·
May 23 ·
Betty Garrett, American actress and dancer
(d. 2011) ·
Avraham Drori,
Polish-born Israeli politician (d. 1964) ·
May 27 – Emvin Cremona,
Maltese artist (d. 1987) ·
May 28 – Lim Chong Eu, Malaysian politician (d. 2010) ·
May 29 – Jacques Genest, Canadian physician and
academic (d. 2018) ·
May 30 ·
René Barrientos,
2-time President of Bolivia (d. 1969) ·
Jim Miller, Australian rules footballer June[edit] ·
June 5 – Veikko Huhtanen,
Finnish artistic gymnast (d. 1976) ·
June 6 ·
Peter
Carington, British politician (d. 2018) ·
Doris Merrick, American actress and model ·
June 7 – George Glamack,
American basketball player (d. 1987) ·
June 8 ·
Abdirashid Ali Shermarke, 2nd
President and 3rd Prime Minister of Somalia (d. 1969) ·
Władysław Siemaszko, Polish publicist and lawyer ·
June 9 – Jimmy Newberry, American pitcher (d. 1983) ·
June 11 – Richard Todd, Irish-born British actor
(d. 2009) ·
June 12 – Ahmed Abdallah, President of the
Comoros (d. 1989) ·
June 14 – June Spencer, English actress ·
June 16 – V. T. Sambanthan,
Malaysian politician (d. 1979) ·
June 18 – Gordon A. Smith, Canadian artist and teacher ·
June 19 ·
Pál Fábry, Hungarian
politician (d. 2018) ·
Gérard Dionne, Canadian Roman Catholic bishop ·
June 21 ·
Tsilla Chelton, French
actress (d. 2012) ·
Gérard Pelletier,
Canadian journalist, politician and diplomat (d. 1997) ·
June 22 – Clifton McNeely, American basketball player
and coach (d. 2003) ·
June 23 ·
R. C. Pitts, American basketball player
(d. 2011) ·
Mohamed Boudiaf,
4th President of Algeria (d. 1992) ·
Hermann Gmeiner,
Austrian educator (d. 1986) ·
June 24 ·
Jack Naylor, American inventor (d. 2007) ·
Al Molinaro, American actor (d. 2015) ·
June 26 ·
George Athan Billias,
American historian (d. 2018) ·
Donald M. Ashton, English art director
(d. 2004) ·
June 27 – Amala Shankar,
Indian danseuse ·
June 28 – Joseph P. Lordi,
American government official (d. 1983) ·
June 29 ·
Walter Babington
Thomas, Commander of British Far East Land Forces (d. 2017) ·
Slim Pickens, American film and television
actor (d. 1983) ·
Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada,
Mexican cardinal (d. 2008) July[edit] ·
July 1 ·
Malik Dohan
al-Hassan, Iraqi politician ·
Mikhail Shultz, Soviet/Russian physical chemist
(d. 2006) ·
Arnold Meri, Estonian colonel (d. 2009) ·
Gerald E. Miller, American vice admiral
(d. 2014) ·
July 2 – Henri Génčs,
French actor and singer (d. 2005) ·
July 3 ·
Mauro Cía,
Argentine boxer ·
Gabriel Valdés,
Chilean politician, lawyer and diplomat (d. 2011) ·
July 4 ·
Gerd Hagman, Swedish actress (d. 2011) ·
Douglas Birks, English cricketer (d. 2004) ·
July 5 – Walter Obodzinsky, Polish-born member of the Wehrmacht
(d. 2004) ·
July 6 ·
Edward Kenna, Australian Second World War
recipient (d. 2009) ·
Ray Dowker, New
Zealand cricketer (d. 2004) ·
July 7 ·
Earl Mazo,
American journalist, author, and government official (d. 2007) ·
Hans Adolph Buchdahl, German-born Australian physicist
(d. 2010) ·
Bill Stroud, English football player and
coach (d. 2006) ·
July 8 ·
Helena Salles, Brazilian swimmer (d. 2011) ·
Ernst Haefliger,
Swiss tenor (d. 2007) ·
Walter Scheel, President of Germany (d. 2016) ·
July 10 ·
Harry Zeller, American professional
basketball player (d. 2004) ·
Ian Wallace,
British bass-baritone opera singer (d. 2009) ·
Carlos Silva Loaiza, Colombian professional footballer
(d. 2009) ·
Pierre Gamarra,
French poet, novelist and literary critic (d. 2009) ·
July 11 – Donald Zilversmit, Dutch-born U.S. nutritional
biochemist, researcher and educator (d. 2010) ·
July 13 ·
Hau Pei-tsun, Premier
of the Republic of China ·
Joe Gill, American magazine writer and
highly prolific comic book scripter (d. 2006) ·
Ben Ferencz,
Hungarian-American lawyer ·
Grisha Filipov, leading
member of the Bulgarian communist party (d. 1994) ·
Jack
Wheeler, American professional footballer (d. 2009) ·
William F. Quinn, American politician
(d. 2006) ·
July 14 ·
Cleveland Clark, Negro league baseball
player ·
Marion F. Kirby, ace in the United States
Army Air Forces (d. 2011) ·
Hal Lahar, American football player and
coach (d. 2003) ·
Eugene Allen, American waiter and butler
(d. 2010) ·
John
Pott, British Army officer (d. 2005) ·
July 15 ·
Fred Ohr, American
World War II ace (d. 2015) ·
Harcourt Dowsley,
Australian sportsman (d. 2014) ·
July 16 ·
Choi Kyu-hah,
19th Prime
Minister of South Korea and 4th President of
South Korea (d. 2006) ·
Mike Karmazin,
American football guard (d. 2004) ·
Hermine Braunsteiner, Austrian SS officer (d. 1999) ·
Everett P. Pope, United States Marine
(d. 2009) ·
July 17 – Milt Smith,
American football player and business operator (d. 2010) ·
July 18 – Lilia Dale, Italian actress ·
July 19 ·
Nordine Ben Ali, Algerian-French former
association football player and manager ·
Solange Troisier,
French physician (d. 2008) ·
Patricia Medina, English-born actress
(d. 2012) ·
July 20 ·
Jacquemine Charrott Lodwidge,
English writer ·
Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer,
conqueror of Mount Everest (d. 2008) ·
July 21 ·
Pentland Hick, British entrepreneur, author,
publisher, and veteran of World War II ·
Lady Rose McLaren,
British aristocrat (d. 2005) ·
July 22 – Allie Paine, American college basketball
standout (d. 2008) ·
July 24 ·
Asadollah Alam, Iranian
politician, 40th Prime Minister of
Iran (d. 1978) ·
Ferdinand Kübler,
Swiss racing cyclist (d. 2016) ·
July 26 – James Lovelock, English biologist and
chemist ·
July 31 ·
Maurice Boitel,
French painter (d. 2007) ·
Primo Levi, Italian chemist and writer
(d. 1987) ·
Robert M. Morgenthau,
American lawyer August[edit] ·
August 2 ·
Nehemiah Persoff,
Israeli-American character actor ·
Carlo Savina,
Italian composer and conductor (d. 2002) ·
August 7 – Bertha Moss, Argentine-Mexican actress
(d. 2008) ·
August 8 – Dino De Laurentiis, Italian film producer (d. 2010) ·
August 9 – Joop den Uyl,
Dutch politician, Prime
Minister of the Netherlands from 1973–77 (d. 1987) ·
August 11 – Ginette Neveu,
French violinist (d. 1949) ·
August 12 – Margaret Burbidge,
English-American astrophysicist and academic ·
August 13 – George Shearing, Anglo-American jazz pianist
(d. 2011) ·
August 14 – Isaac C. Kidd Jr.,
American admiral (d. 1999) ·
Benedict Kiely, Irish author and broadcaster
(d. 2007) ·
Dina Wadia, Indian political figure
(d. 2017) ·
August 18 – Walter Joseph Hickel,
2nd and 8th Governor of Alaska (d. 2010) ·
August 19 – Margaret Marquis, Canadian-American actress
(d. 1993) ·
Adamantios Androutsopoulos, Prime Minister of Greece
(d. 2000) ·
Walter Bernstein, American screenwriter and
producer ·
Thomas G. Morris, American politician
(d. 2016) ·
Leslie Gonda,
Hungarian-American businessman, philanthropist, and Holocaust survivor
(d. 2018) ·
August 21 – Dalmiro Finol,
Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1994) ·
August 22 – Larry Winn, American politician (d. 2017) ·
August 24 – Carlos
Julio Arosemena Monroy, 31st President
of Ecuador (d. 2004) ·
George Wallace, 45th Governor of Alabama (d. 1998) ·
Jaap Rijks, Dutch
equestrian (d. 2017) ·
Godfrey Hounsfield,
English electrical engineer and inventor, recipient of the Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine (d. 2004) ·
Ben Agajanian,
American football player (d. 2018) ·
Sara Payne Hayden,
American aviator ·
Sono Osato, American
actress and dancer ·
Maurice Hilleman, American microbiologist
and vaccinologist (d. 2005) ·
Joachim Rřnneberg, Norwegian war veteran (d. 2018) ·
Wolfgang Wagner, German opera director (d. 2010) ·
Kitty Wells, American country music singer
(d. 2012) ·
Amrita Pritam, Indian poet and author
(d. 2005) ·
Eric Koch, German-Canadian author,
broadcaster and academic (d. 2018) September[edit] ·
September 1 – Gladys Davis,
Canadian professional baseball player ·
September 2 – Marge Champion, American actress ·
Tom Jordan,
American Major League Baseball player ·
Elisabeth Volkenrath, German Nazi concentration camp
supervisor (d. 1945) ·
Lee Archer,
African-American U.S. fighter pilot (d. 2010) ·
John Mitchum,
American actor (d. 2001) ·
Maria Lassnig,
Austrian painter (d. 2014) ·
Petr Braiko,
Soviet soldier (d. 2018) ·
September 11 – Ota Šik, Czech
economist and politician (d. 2004) ·
Olle Anderberg,
Swedish wrestler (d. 2003) ·
Mary Midgley, English philosopher (d. 2018) ·
September 14 – Kay Medford, American character actress and
comedian (d. 1980) ·
September 17 – Helmut Ashley, Austrian cinematographer ·
September 18 – Pál Losonczi,
Hungarian politician (d. 2005) ·
Mario Bunge, Argentine philosopher and
physicist ·
Fazlur Rahman, Pakistani Islamic scholar (d. 1988) ·
September 23 – Tōta Kaneko,
Japanese writer (d. 2018) ·
Rick Vallin, Russian-American actor
(d. 1977) ·
Jack Costanzo, American percussionist
(d. 2018) ·
September 26 – Matilde Camus, Spanish poet and researcher
(d. 2012) ·
Jayne Meadows, American actress (d. 2015) ·
James H. Wilkinson,
English mathematician (d. 1986) ·
September 29 – Margot Hielscher, German singer and film
actress (d. 2017) October[edit] ·
October 3 – James M. Buchanan,
American economist, Nobel
Prize laureate (d. 2013) ·
October 5 – Donald Pleasence,
English actor (d. 1995) ·
October 6 – Siad Barre, President of Somalia (d. 1995) ·
October 7 – Zelman Cowen, Governor-General
of Australia (d. 2011) ·
October 8 – Kiichi Miyazawa,
49th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2007) ·
October 11 – Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990) ·
October 14 – Edward L. Feightner, American navy officer ·
October 16 – Kathleen Winsor, American writer (d. 2003) ·
Charles Y. Glock, American sociologist (d. 2018) ·
Isaak
Markovich Khalatnikov, Ukrainian-Russian
physicist and academic ·
Violet Milstead, Canadian World War II aviator and bush pilot (d. 2014) ·
Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the People's
Republic of China (d. 2005) ·
Anita O'Day,
American jazz singer (d. 2006) ·
Orlando Drummond, Brazilian actor ·
Pierre Trudeau, 15th Prime Minister
of Canada (d. 2000) ·
October 21 – Donald West VanArtsdalen, American federal judge ·
Abdulrahim Abby
Farah, Somali diplomat and politician (d. 2018) ·
Doris Lessing, Persian-born English writer,
winner of Nobel Prize in Literature (d. 2013) ·
October 23 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist
(d. 1992) ·
George Cawkwell,
New Zealand academic and classical scholar ·
Norman A. Erbe,
35th Governor of Iowa (d. 2000) ·
Edward Brooke, U. S. Senator from
Massachusetts (d. 2015) ·
Princess Ashraf of Iran (d. 2016) ·
Mohammad Reza
Pahlavi, Shah of Iran (d. 1980) ·
Jacob Pressman, American rabbi, co-founder
of American Jewish University (d. 2015) ·
October 27 – Jeremiah Stamler,
American cardiologist ·
Stane Kavčič, Prime Minister
of Slovenia (d. 1987) ·
Takuma Tanada,
Japanese-American biologist ·
George
Boscawen, 9th Viscount Falmouth, English politician ·
Tong Siv Eng,
Cambodian politician (d. 2001) November[edit] ·
Russell Bannock, Canadian aviator and test
pilot ·
Aldo Mongiano,
Italian-born Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop ·
November 2 – Bill Mills,
American Major League Baseball player ·
Jesús Blasco,
Spanish comic book author (d. 1995) ·
Bert Freed, American character actor and
voice-over actor (d. 1994) ·
Martin Balsam, American actor (d. 1996) ·
Shirley Mitchell, American actress (d. 2013) ·
November 6 – Christoph Probst, German White Rose
resistance member (d. 1943) ·
November 9 – Eva Todor, Hungarian-born Brazilian actress
(d. 2017) ·
Mikhail Kalashnikov,
Russian firearms inventor (d. 2013) ·
Moďse Tshombe, 2-Time
Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (d. 1969) ·
Albert Ludwig, Canadian politician ·
Lisa Otto, German soprano (d. 2013) ·
Roy Burden, Canadian World War II pilot
(d. 2005) ·
Joseph A. Wapner,
American retired judge and television personality (d. 2017) ·
November 16 – Georges-Hilaire
Dupont, French Roman Catholic bishop ·
November 18 – Andrée Borrel,
French World War II heroine (d. 1944) ·
Ken Buehler, American basketball player ·
Elizabeth Strohfus, American aviator (d. 2016) ·
Alan Young, British-born Canadian-American
actor (d. 2016) ·
Lolita Lebrón,
Puerto Rican nationalist (d. 2010) ·
Rugger Ardizoia,
Italian-born American baseball player (d. 2015) ·
Raino Westerholm,
Finnish politician (d. 2017) ·
November 21 – Gert Fredriksson, Swedish canoer (d. 2006) ·
November 22 – Louise Watson, American child actress
(d. 2018) ·
Ryszard Kaczorowski,
President of Poland (d. 2010) ·
Frederik Pohl, American science fiction
writer (d. 2013) ·
November 28 – Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (d. 2004) December[edit] ·
December 1 – Charles Steen, American geologist and
businessman (d. 2006) ·
December 2 – Norma Miller, American dancer ·
December 4 – I. K. Gujral,
Indian politician, Prime Minister of India (d. 2012) ·
December 5 – Alun Gwynne Jones, Baron Chalfont,
British politician and historian ·
December 6 – Paul de Man, Belgian-born literary critic
(d. 1983) ·
Lis Lřwert, Danish
actress (d. 2009) ·
Lyndon Wainwright,
British metrologist, ballroom dancer and author
(d. 2018) ·
Mieczysław Weinberg, Polish composer (d. 1996) ·
Lorraine H. Morton,
American politician (d. 2018) ·
Bert J. Harris Jr.,
American politician ·
William Lipscomb, American chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(d. 2011) ·
Charles McGee,
American Air Force officer ·
Paavo Aaltonen,
Finnish gymnast (d. 1962) ·
Lady Anne Berry, English horticulturist ·
December 13 – Hans-Joachim
Marseille, German World War II fighter ace (d. 1942) ·
Ove Sprogře,
Danish actor (d. 2004) ·
Nelson Cooke,
Australian cellist (d. 2018) ·
Larry Eisenberg, American writer ·
Doug Young,
American voice actor (d. 2018) ·
December 23 – Vasily Reshetnikov, Soviet Air Force pilot ·
December 24 – Pierre Soulages,
French artist ·
Fikret Kırcan,
Turkish footballer (d. 2014) ·
Curly Seckler,
American bluegrass musician (d. 2017) ·
December 27 – Charles Sweeney, American WWII pilot
(d. 2004) ·
December 29 – Thomas Horton,
New Zealand Air Force pilot ·
December 30 – David Willcocks, British choral conductor,
organist and composer (d. 2015) ·
Folke Alnevik, Swedish
athlete ·
Tommy Byrne,
baseball player (d. 2007) ·
Recy Taylor, American activist (d. 2017) Possible[edit] ·
Isaac Asimov, Russian-born author (born
between October 4, 1919, and January 2, 1920, inclusive;[20] d. 1992) Date unknown[edit] ·
Balto, American sled dog (d. 1933) ·
Daoud Bokhary,
Hong Kong businessman ·
Wasfi al-Tal, 3-Time Prime Minister of Jordan
(d. 1971) Deaths[edit] January–June[edit] John
Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh ·
January 4 – Georg von Hertling, 7th Chancellor
of Germany (b. 1843) ·
Max Heindel,
Christian occultist, astrologer, and mystic (b. 1865) ·
Theodore Roosevelt,
26th President
of the United States (b. 1858) ·
Jacques Vaché,
French writer, associated with Surrealism (b. 1895) ·
January 8 – J. Franklin Bell, Major General of the US
Army (b. 1856) ·
Karl Liebknecht, German communist politician
(b. 1871; assassinated) ·
Rosa Luxemburg, German communist politician
(b. 1870; assassinated) ·
January 16 – Francisco
de Paula Rodrigues Alves, Brazilian politician, 5th President of Brazil (b. 1848) ·
January 17 – Arichi Shinanojō, Japanese admiral
(b. 1843) ·
Prince
John of the United Kingdom (b. 1905) ·
Archduke
Ludwig Viktor of Austria (b. 1842) ·
January 21 – Gojong, first Emperor of Korea (b. 1852) ·
January 24 – Ismail Qemali,
Albanian politician, 1st Prime Minister
of Albania and 1st President of Albania (b. 1844) ·
January 27 – Endre Ady,
Hungarian poet (b. 1877) ·
January 28 – Grand
Duke Dmitry Konstantinovich of Russia (b. 1860) ·
January 31 – Nat C. Goodwin, American actor and comedian
(b. 1857) ·
February 2 – Julius Kuperjanov, Estonian military commander
(b. 1894) ·
February 4 – John C. Bates, American general (b. 1842) ·
February 14 – Pál Luthár,
Slovene teacher, cantor and writer (b. 1839) ·
February 17 – Wilfrid Laurier, 7th Prime Minister
of Canada (b. 1841) ·
February 20 – Habibullah Khan, Emir of Afghanistan
(b. 1872; assassinated) ·
Kurt Eisner, German socialist revolutionary
(b. 1867; assassinated) ·
Prince
Karl Anton of Hohenzollern (b. 1868) ·
March 2 – Melchora Aquino,
Filipino revolutionary hero (b. 1812) ·
March 5 – Ernest von Koerber, Austrian politician, former Prime
Minister (b. 1850) ·
March 26 – Ernest Henry,
British explorer (b. 1869) ·
April 4 ·
Francisco Marto,
Beatified, claimed to witness apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1917
at Fátima, Portugal (b. 1908) ·
William Crookes, British chemist and
physicist (b. 1832) ·
April 8 – Frank Winfield
Woolworth, American businessman (b. 1852) ·
April 9 – Sidney Drew,
American stage and film actor (b. 1863) ·
April 10 – Emiliano Zapata, Mexican revolutionary
(b. 1879; assassinated) ·
April 14 – Auguste-Réal Angers, Canadian judge and politician,
6th Lieutenant
Governor of Quebec (b. 1919) ·
April 15 – Jane Delano, American nurse and founder of
the American Red Cross Nursing Service (b. 1862) ·
April 20 – Thomas Egan,
American gangster (b. 1874) ·
April 21 – Jules Védrines,
French pre-war aviator and wartime (WW1) pilot (b. 1881) ·
April 23 – Prince Tsunehisa Takeda (b. 1882) ·
April 27 – Anton Irv, Estonian military officer
(b. 1886) ·
May 2 – Gustav Landauer,
German anarchist (b. 1870; assassinated) ·
May 4 – Milan Rastislav Štefánik, Slovak general, politician, and
astronomer (b. 1880) ·
May 6 – L. Frank Baum, American author, poet,
playwright, actor and independent filmmaker (The Wizard of Oz)
(b. 1856) ·
May 9 – Juan Isidro Jimenes Pereyra, Dominican political figure,
2-time President
of the Dominican Republic (b. 1846) ·
May 12 – D. M. Canright,
American Seventh-day Adventist minister and author, later one of the church's
severest critics (b. 1840) ·
May 28 – Hermann von Spaun, Austro-Hungarian admiral (b. 1833) ·
June 15 – Prince
Francis Joseph of Braganza (b. 1879) ·
June 19 – Petre P. Carp,
2-Time Prime Minister of Romania (b. 1837) ·
June 29 – José Gregorio
Hernández, Venezuelan medician and saint
(b. 1864) ·
June 30 – John
Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
(b. 1842) July–December[edit] ·
July 1 – Sir John
Brunner, British industrialist and politician (b. 1842) ·
July 2 – Friedrich Soennecken, German entrepreneur and inventor
of hole punch and ringbinder (b. 1848) ·
July 5 – Eugen Leviné,
German revolutionary (b. 1883; assassinated) ·
July 10 – Jean Navarre, French World War I fighter ace
(b. 1895) ·
July 15 – Hermann Emil Fischer,
German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(b. 1852) ·
July 18 – Raymonde de Laroche,
French aviator, the first woman to receive an aviator's license (b. 1882) ·
July 26 – Sir Edward Poynter, British painter
(b. 1836) ·
August 1 – Oscar Hammerstein I,
Polish-born theater impresario and composer (b. 1847) ·
August 9 ·
Ernst Haeckel, German biologist, naturalist
and philosopher (b. 1834) ·
Ruggero Leoncavallo, Italian composer (b. 1857) ·
August 11 – Andrew Carnegie, Scottish-born businessman
and philanthropist (b. 1835) ·
August 24 – Friedrich Naumann,
German politician and pastor (b. 1860) ·
August 27 – Louis Botha, Boer general, statesman,
1st Prime
Minister of South Africa (b. 1862) ·
September 16 – Alfred Parland,
Russian architect (b. 1842) ·
September 22 – Alajos Gáspár, Slovene writer in Hungary
(b. 1848) ·
September 27 – Adelina Patti, Italian opera singer
(b. 1843) ·
September 29 – Masataka Kawase,
a.k.a. Kogorō Ishikawa, Japanese political
activist and diplomat (b. 1840) ·
October 2 – Victorino de la Plaza, Argentinian politician,
18th President of
Argentina, leader (b. 1840) ·
October 6 – Ricardo Palma, Peruvian writer (b. 1833) ·
October 7 – Alfred Deakin, 2nd Prime
Minister of Australia (b. 1856) ·
October 13 – Karl Adolph
Gjellerup, Danish writer, Nobel Prize laureate
(b. 1857) ·
October 18 – Viscount
William Astor, American financier and statesman (b. 1848) ·
October 22 – John Cyril Porte, Irish-born British flying boat pioneer (b. 1884) ·
October 23 – Charles Judd,
British missionary to China (b. 1842) ·
November 3 – Terauchi Masatake, 9th Prime Minister of Japan
(b. 1852) ·
November 9 – Eduard
Müller, Swiss Federal Councillor
(b. 1848) ·
November 15 – Alfred Werner, German chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
(b. 1866) ·
Henry C. Frick, American industrialist
(b. 1849) ·
Sir
Evelyn Wood, British field marshal and Victoria Cross recipient
(b. 1838) ·
December 3 – Pierre-Auguste
Renoir, French painter (b. 1841) ·
December 18 – Sir John Alcock, British aviator; pilot of first
nonstop transatlantic flight in airplane, June 1919 (b. 1892) ·
December 19 – Martin Savage, IRA commander
(b. 1898) Nobel Prizes[edit] ·
Chemistry –
not awarded ·
Physiology
or Medicine – Jules Bordet ·
Literature – Carl
Friedrich Georg Spitteler ·
Peace – Woodrow Wilson References[edit] 1.
^ Lacika, Ján (2000). Bratislava. Visiting Slovakia (1st ed.).
Bratislava: Dajama. p. 42. ISBN 978-80-88975-16-8. 2.
^ "Sinking of HMY Iolaire
- list of all on board at time of grounding". Across Two
Seas. 17 December 2008. Retrieved 14 November 2017. 3.
^ Theodore Roosevelt Centre. Accessed 20 March
2014 4.
^ Jump up to:a b MacMillan,
Margaret (2002). Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World. Random
House. 5.
^ Tibenský, Ján; et al. (1971). Slovensko:
Dejiny. Bratislava: Obzor. 6.
^ Jankovics,
Marcel, Húsz esztendő
Pozsonyban (in Hungarian), pp. 65–67 7.
^ Zaide, Sonia M.
(1994), The Philippines: A Unique Nation,
All-Nations Publishing Co., ISBN 978-971-642-071-5 8.
^ Nicholson, G. W. L. (1962). Canadian Expeditionary
Force, 1914-1919: Official History of the Canadian Army in the First World
War. Ottawa: Queen's Printer. 10.
^ "WWI and the First Czechoslovak Republic". Visit
Bratislava. City of Bratislava. 2005. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007.
Retrieved 2013-01-24. 11.
^ Kaba, John
(1919). Politico-economic Review of Basarabia.
United States: American Relief Administration. p. 14. 12.
^ "The Legacy of One Man's Vision". Aberystwyth University, Department of International
Politics. Retrieved 2015-01-27. 13.
^ Beadle, Jeremy;
Harrison, Ian (2007). "Last time the British army used scaling ladders". Military.
Firsts, Lasts & Onlys. London: Robson.
p. 112. ISBN 9781905798063. 14.
^ Dyson, F. W.; Eddington, A. S.; Davidson, C. R.
(1920). "A Determination of the Deflection of Light by the Sun's
Gravitational Field, from Observations Made at the Solar eclipse of May 29,
1919". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A:
Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 220 (571–581):
291–333. Bibcode:1920RSPTA.220..291D. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0009. 15.
^ "Azerbaijani Foreign Ministry official: result of
overcoming obstacles by first Azerbaijani diplomats was international
recognition in Versailles". Today.az. 2009-07-03.
Retrieved 2012-09-25. 16.
^ "1919, July 21: Dirigible (Balloon) Crash".
Chicago Public Library Archive. 1996. Archived from the original on December 13, 2007.
Retrieved 2012-09-25. 17.
^ Jump up to:a b Royal
Canadian Legion Branch # 138."2-Minute
Wave of Silence" Revives a Time-honoured
Tradition. Accessed on 5 June 2014. 18.
^ Sykes,
Christopher (1984). Nancy: the
Life of Lady Astor. Academy Chicago Publishers. ISBN 978-0-89733-098-5. The
first elected was Constance Markievicz in 1918. 19.
^ Tonge,
Stephen. "Weimar Germany 1919-1933". European
History. Retrieved 2012-09-25. 20.
^ Isaac Asimov. In Memory Yet Green. The date
of my birth, as I celebrate it, was January 2, 1920. It could not have
been later than that. It might, however, have been earlier. Allowing for the
uncertainties of the times, of the lack of records, of the Jewish and Julian calendars, it might have been as
early as October 4, 1919. There is, however, no way of finding out. My
parents were always uncertain and it really doesn't
matter. I celebrate January 2, 1920, so let it be. Further reading[edit] ·
Klingaman, William K. 1919, The Year Our World Began (1987)
world perspective based on primary sources by a scholar. Primary sources and year books[edit] ·
New International Year Book 1919 (1920), Comprehensive coverage of
world and national affairs, 744pp Sources[edit] ·
Phelan,
Paula (2007), 1919: Misfortune's End, ZAPmedia |
|
||
|
|
|